Notes in MIM16 Activation of T cells

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Published	09/14/2024	{{c1::Thymus:}} One of the primary/generative lymphoid organs that functions to: • Generate {{c2::mature}} {{c2::naïve}} {{c2::T}} cells wit…
Published	09/14/2024	T Cell Development: acquire antigen specificity and pass both {{c1::positive}} and {{c1::negative}} selection
Published	09/14/2024	Generation of Antigen Receptor Diversity in B cells and T cells During Development 1. {{c1::V(D)J recombination}}—combinatorial diversity --> …
Published	09/14/2024	Generation of TCR Diversity—very similar process to the BCR 1. {{c1::Beta}} chain rearranges DNA segments of V, D, and J (called “VDJ recombinati…
Published	09/14/2024	Junctional Diversity: 3 Mechanisms—nearly unlimited diversity 1. {{c1::Exonucleases}}—remove nucleotides from V, D, and J segments randomly …
Published	09/14/2024	{{c1::rag1}}/{{c1::rag2}}—recombinase activating genes 1 and 2 encode RAG1 and RAG2 which makeup the VDJ recombinase—which facilitates the {{c2::combi…
Published	09/14/2024	T Cell Development: acquire antigen specificity and pass both positive and negative selection T cells must be able to interact with MHC (positive…
Published	09/14/2024	Stages of T cell development1. {{c2::Bone marrow}}: hematopoietic stem cell-> common lymphoid progenitor cell -> progenitor T cell2. {{c3::…
Published	09/14/2024	Thymic Cortex (T cell development)a. CD3(-)CD4(-)CD8(-) {{c1::Double negative (DN)}} thymocyte—does NOT express TCR/CD3, CD4 or CD8 i. Has not re…
Published	09/14/2024	Thymic medulla (T cell development)a. {{c1::Single positive (SP)}} thymocyte—expresses the TCR/CD3 and either CD4 or CD8; has successfully rearrange b…
Published	09/14/2024	{{c1::Naïve}} {{c1::T}} Cell Activation results in the {{c2::clonal}} expansion and subsequent {{c2::differentiation}} of those clones into {{c3::effe…
Published	09/14/2024	Activation of Naïve T Cells: Requires TWO signals: 1. Signal 1: mediated through the {{c1::CD3}} signaling complex as a result of the TCR:Ag:MHC …
Published	09/14/2024	Signal Transduction: 1. Antigen recognition facilitates the clustering of signaling proteins. 2. {{c1::Lck}} which is associated with CD4/CD…
Published	09/14/2024	Response of Activated T Cells: • Express high-affinity IL-{{c1::2R}} and secrete IL-{{c2::2}} o Helps support proliferation/clonal expansion…
Published	09/14/2024	Response of Activated T Cells: Differentiation to either effector or memory T cells o {{c1::Effector}} T cells  ACTIVATED T cells and carry…
Published	09/14/2024	Response of Activated T Cells: Naïve CD8 T cells become {{c1::CTLs}} and kill infected/transformed cells
Published	09/14/2024	Response of Activated T Cells: Naïve CD4 T cells can become various different T {{c1::helper}} cells that secrete cytokines to direct the immune …
Published	09/14/2024	SCID = Severe Combined Immuno DeficiencyDeficiency in both {{c1::B}} and {{c1::T}} cells ¤Can be caused by various mutations in genes that affect…
Published	09/14/2024	{{c1::Positive}} selection= TCR interacts with MHC 1 or 2{{c2::Negative}} selection= TCR does NOT recognize self proteins
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Published	09/14/2024	Establishment of {{c1::self-restriction}} or MHC restriction of T cells is mediated through positive selectionEstablishment of {{c2::central…
Published	09/14/2024	High but not too high affinity binding seems to induce generation of thymus-derived CD4+ {{c1::Tregs}}
Published	09/14/2024	Self-reactive T cells are mostly deleted, but any self-reactive T cells released in the {{c1::periphery}} should be suppressive.
Published	09/14/2024	Mutation of {{c1::AIRE}}: {{c2::APECED}}Multiple autoimmune & other conditions -Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis -Hypoparathyroidism -Type I diab…
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Published	09/14/2024	What do you notice about the B7 ligands/CD80/CD86?Bind to CD{{c1::28}} which is activating But they can also bind to CTLA-{{c2::4}} which is inhibito…
Published	09/14/2024	CD{{c1::4}} T cells: Major IL-{{c2::2}} producers
Published	09/14/2024	Naïve CD{{c1::8}}+ T cells differentiate into CTLs = {{c2::Killer}} T cells
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