Notes in L15 Antibacterials 3 - Protein Synthesis inhibtors 30s

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Published	08/23/2023	How do Cephalosporin antibiotics influence the nephrotoxicity of Aminoglycosides?{{c1::Increase}}
Published	08/23/2023	In addition to its use as an osmotic laxative, {{c2::lactulose}} may be used in the treatment of {{c1::hepatic encephalopathy}}
Published	08/23/2023	What is the mechanism of action by which lactulose treats hepatic encephalopathy?{{c1::Lactulose is metabolized into acidic metabolites, which convert…
Published	08/23/2023	What treatment for hyperammonemia acts by acidifying the GI tract, thus trapping NH4+ for excretion? {{c1::Lactulose}}
Published	08/23/2023	What osmotic laxative is used to treat hepatic encephalopathy? {{c1::Lactulose}}
Published	08/23/2023	Lowest concentration of an antibiotic that prevents visible growth of bacteria{{c1::Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)}}
Published	08/23/2023	What are first-line agents (2) used to lower NH3 levels in hepatic encephalopathy?{{c1::Lactulose (1st line) and Rifaximin (2nd line)}}
Published	08/23/2023	Which antibiotics are used to treat {{c3::VRE?(vancomycin resistant enterococcus - commonly Enterococcus faecium)}}{{c1::IV Linezolid}}; {{c2::Tigecyc…
Published	08/23/2023	What drug class includes tetracycline, doxycycline and minocycline?{{c1::Tetracyclines}}
Published	08/23/2023	{{c3::Tetracyclines}} bind the {{c1::30s subunit of ribosomes}}, preventing attachment of {{c2::aminoacyl-tRNA}}
Published	08/23/2023	Tetracyclines are bacterio-{{c1::static}}
Published	08/23/2023	Beta-lactam antibiotics are bacterio-{{c1::cidal}}
Published	08/23/2023	Tetracyclines bind {{c1::reversibly::reversibly or irreversibly}} to the 30s ribosomal subunit of bacteria
Published	08/23/2023	Which bacteria are susceptible to tetracyclines?{{c1::broad spectrum}}
Published	08/23/2023	Tetracyclines have activity against methicillin-resistant {{c1::Staph aureus (MRSA)}}
Published	08/23/2023	What is the first line treatment of Borrelia burgdorferi (lyme disease)?{{c1::Doxycycline}}
Published	08/23/2023	Tetracyclines have activity against tick-borne organisms ({{c1::rickettsia}}, {{c2::francisella}}, {{c3::borrelia}})
Published	08/23/2023	What is the treatment of culture-negative endocarditis caused by Coxiella?{{c1::Doxycycline (along with hydroxychloroquine)}}
Published	08/23/2023	{{c1::Tetracyclines (doxycycline)}} antibiotics accumulate intracellularly,making them effective against {{c2::Rickettsia}}, {{c3::Chlamydia}}, and {{…
Published	08/23/2023	What is the treatment of the plague caused by Yersinia pestis?{{c1::Doxycycline with streptomycin::2}}
Published	08/23/2023	{{c1::Doxycycline}} is a protein synthesis inhibitor thatbinds to the 30s subunit and can be used in the treatment of chlamydia.
Published	08/23/2023	Pelvic inflammatory disease caused by Chlamydia can be treated with either azithromycin or {{c1::doxycycline}}
Published	08/23/2023	{{c1::Doxycycline}} and azithromycin are protein synthesis inhibitors thatcan be used to treat atypical pneumonia caused by {{c3::Mycoplasma pneu…
Published	08/23/2023	What cutaneous pathology can be treated with tetracyclines?{{c1::Acne}}
Published	08/23/2023	{{c1::Tetracyclines}} are protein synthesis inhibitors thatbind to the 30s subunit and can be used in the treatment of acne.
Published	08/23/2023	What adverse effect is associated with tetracycline use in children?{{c1::Teeth discoloration and growth inhibition}}
Published	08/23/2023	Which class of antibiotics can cause teeth discoloration in children?{{c1::Tetracyclines}}
Published	08/23/2023	Tetracyclines can deposit in teeth and bone; therefore they are contraindicated in children; {{c1::pregnant}} women and {{c2::breastfeeding}} women
Published	08/23/2023	Which class of antibiotics are teratogens, depositing in fetal teeth and bone?{{c1::Tetracyclines}}
Published	08/23/2023	Tetracyclines are associated with {{c1::GI}} side effects
Published	08/23/2023	Tetracyclines are associated with {{c1::photosensitivity::cutaneous complication}}
Published	08/23/2023	Which antibiotics are associated with photosensitivity, teeth discoloration and GI side effects?{{c1::Tetracyclines}}
Published	08/23/2023	Fanconi syndrome (type 2 RTA) is associated with the use of expired {{c1::tetracyclines}}
Published	08/23/2023	What renal adverse effect is precipitated by use of expired tetracyclines?{{c1::Fanconi syndrome (Type 2 Renal tubular acidosis)}}
Published	08/23/2023	Resistance to Tetracyclines includes bacterial production of {{c1::efflux}} pumps
Published	08/23/2023	Resistance to Tetracyclines includes bacterial {{c1::ribosomal}} modification/protection via soluble {{c1::GTPase}} analogues
Published	08/23/2023	Tetracyclines are generally contraindicated in patients with {{c1::renal}} failure
Published	08/23/2023	Which Tetracycline can be used in patients with renal failure?{{c1::Doxycycline}}
Published	08/23/2023	Which Tetracycline is fecally excreted?{{c1::Doxycycline}}
Published	08/23/2023	Aminoglycosides are known to be both {{c1::oto}}-toxic and {{c1::nephro}}-toxic
Published	08/23/2023	Aminoglycosides, their toxicities, and their coverage can be remembered by the mnemonic {{c1::Mean GNATS caNNOT kill anaerobes}}
Published	08/23/2023	{{c6::Aminoglycosides}} can be remembered by the mnemonic GNATS:{{c1::Gentamicin}}{{c2::Neomycin}}{{c3::Amikacin}}{{c4::Tobramycin}}{{c5::Streptomycin…
Published	08/23/2023	{{c6::Aminoglycosides}} toxicities can be remembered by the mnemonic caNNOT:{{c1::Nephrotoxicity}}{{c2::Neuromuscular blockade}}{{c3::Ototoxicity}}{{c…
Published	08/23/2023	Aminoglycosides are bacterio-{{c1::cidal}}
Published	08/23/2023	Aminoglycosides bind the {{c1::30S}} ribosomal subunit, irreversibly inhibiting formation of the {{c1::initiation complex}}
Published	08/23/2023	Which antibiotic binds the 30S ribosomal subunit, irreversibly inhibiting formation of the initiation complex?{{c1::Aminoglycosides}}
Published	08/23/2023	Aminoglycosides cause the misreading of {{c1::mRNA}}, inhibiting {{c1::translation}} and thus protein synthesis
Published	08/23/2023	Which antibiotic causes the misreading of mRNA and inhibition of translation?{{c1::Aminoglycosides}}
Published	08/23/2023	What is the coverage of Aminoglycosides?{{c1::Gram negatives (aerobic)}}
Published	08/23/2023	Which antibiotics are commonly paired with β-lactams or vancomycin to enhance their penetration of cells?{{c1::Aminoglycosides}}
Published	08/23/2023	Aminoglycosides are commonly paired with {{c1::β-lactams}} or {{c2::vancomycin}} to enhance their penetration of cells
Published	08/23/2023	Which antibiotics are actively transported into the cell via an oxygen-dependent process?{{c1::Aminoglycosides}}
Published	08/23/2023	Aminoglycosides are actively transported into the cell via an {{c1::oxygen}}-dependent process
Published	08/23/2023	What is the most common route of administration of Aminoglycosides?{{c1::IV}}
Published	08/23/2023	Which Aminoglycoside is not given intravenously?{{c1::Neomycin}}
Published	08/23/2023	Neomycin is an aminoglycoside applied {{c1::topically}} or ingested as an {{c2::ammonium}} detoxicant
Published	08/23/2023	Which aminoglycoside remains active in the GI tract?{{c1::Neomycin}}
Published	08/23/2023	Which aminoglycoside is used in bowel prep before colorectal surgery?{{c1::Neomycin}}
Published	08/23/2023	Neomycin is an aminoglycoside used in {{c1::bowel}} prep before {{c1::colorectal}} surgery
Published	08/23/2023	Which aminoglycoside is a GI intraluminal agent active against parasites?{{c1::Paromomycin}}
Published	08/23/2023	Which aminoglycoside treats tulermia caused by Francisella tularensis?{{c1::Streptomycin}}
Published	08/23/2023	Streptomycin is an aminoglycoside that treats tulermia caused by {{c1::Francisella tularensis}}
Published	08/23/2023	{{c1::Doxycycline}} with {{c1::Streptomycin}} are used to treat the plague caused by Yersinia pestis
Published	08/23/2023	Which aminoglycosides are used to treat septicemia, respiratory tract infections and UTIs caused by gram negatives?{{c1::Gentamicin, Tobramycin, Amika…
Published	08/23/2023	Which aminoglycosides have activity against {{c4::Pseudomonas}}?{{c1::Gentamicin}}; {{c2::Tobramycin}}; {{c3::Amikacin}}
Published	08/23/2023	Since Aminoglycosides have an oxygen-dependent uptake into cells, they are ineffective against {{c1::anaerobes}}
Published	08/23/2023	Bacterial transferase enzymes can inactivate aminoglycosides via {{c1::acetylation}}
Published	08/23/2023	The ototoxicity of aminoglycosides can cause either {{c1::vestibular}} or {{c1::cochlear}} damage
Published	08/23/2023	Toxicities of aminoglycosides are worsened when administered with {{c1::loop}} diuretics or vancomycin
Published	08/23/2023	Which antibiotics can result in acute tubular necrosis?{{c1::Aminoglycosides}}
Published	08/23/2023	Aminoglycosides result in nephrotoxicity, specifically {{c1::acute tubular necrosis}}
Published	08/23/2023	Which neuromuscular pathology is an absolute contraindication to aminoglycoside use?{{c1::Myasthenia gravis}}
Published	08/23/2023	Which antibiotics can result in neuromuscular blockade?{{c1::Aminoglycosides}}
Published	08/23/2023	Which class of antibiotics are teratogenic, causing deafness in newborns?{{c1::Aminoglycosides}}
Published	08/23/2023	Aminoglycosides are teratogenic, causing {{c1::deafness}} in newborns
Published	08/23/2023	{{c2::Muddy brown}} casts in the urine are diagnostic of {{c1::acute tubular necrosis}}
Published	08/23/2023	To remember the protein synthesis inhibiting antibiotics, the mnemonic "{{c1::Buy AT 30, CCEL at 50}}" is used
Published	08/23/2023	To remember the protein synthesis inhibiting antibiotics, the pneumonia "Buy AT 30, CCEL at 50" is used30S inhibitors:{{c1::Aminoglycosides (initiatio…
Published	08/23/2023	Which step ([A] - [E]) of Bacterial Protein Synthesis do Aminoglycosides inhibit?{{c1::[B]}}
Published	08/23/2023	What class of antimicrobials are the following drugs?{{c1::Aminoglycosides}}
Published	08/23/2023	Are aminoglycosides bactericidal or bacteriostatic?{{c1::Bactericidal}}
Published	08/23/2023	Can aminoglycosides be used for both aerobic and anaerobic infections?{{c1::No}}
Published	08/23/2023	Besides inhibiting the formation of the initiation complex, Aminoglycosides can damage protein synthesis by causing {{c1::misreading}} of mRNA
Published	08/23/2023	Aminoglycosides are primarily indicated for severe Gram-{{c1::Negative Rod::Stain and Shape?}} infections
Published	08/23/2023	Aminoglycosides are synergistic with Beta-lactams and Vancomycin since they increase {{c1::cell wall permeability}}
Published	08/23/2023	Are aminoglycosides absorbed effectively from the alimentary / GI tract?{{c1::No}}
Published	08/23/2023	Resistance to Aminoglycosides is encoded by bacterial {{c1::transferase}} enzymes
Published	08/23/2023	Aminoglycosides cause nephrotoxicity by damaging the {{c1::proximal convoluted tubule}}
Published	08/23/2023	Aminoglycosides can impact the neuromuscular junction, blocking {{c1::post::pre or post?}} synaptic {{c1:: Nm}} receptors
Published	08/23/2023	Patients taking aminoglycosides can present with vertigo, ataxia, and nausea due to damage to the {{c1::vestibulocochlear apparatus}}
Published	08/23/2023	Patients are at much greater risk of developing ototoxicity while taking Aminoglycosides if they are used with a {{c1::Loop Diuretic}}
Published	08/23/2023	Aminoglycosides act as a teratogen by causing congenital {{c1::deafness}}
Published	08/23/2023	Do bacterial ribosomal inhibitors affect the human ribosome (80S)? {{c1::No}}
Published	08/23/2023	Which step ([A] - [E]) of Bacterial Protein Synthesis do Tetracyclines inhibit?{{c1::[E]}}
Published	08/23/2023	Are Tetracyclines indicated for patients who are experiencing symptoms of Meningitis?{{c1::No}}
Published	08/23/2023	Doxycycline is safe to use in patients with renal failure as it is {{c1::fecally}} eliminated
Published	08/23/2023	Patients should not consume Milk, Antacids, or Iron-containing preparations with Tetracyclines as they prevent the drugs {{c1::absorption}}
Published	08/23/2023	Tetracyclines are used to treat what cause of atypical pneumonia?{{c1::Mycoplasma pneumoniae}}
Published	08/23/2023	Doxycycline and Clindamycin can be used as a treatment for what infectious skin condition{{c1::Acne vulgaris}}
Published	08/23/2023	Patients taking Tetracyclines can manifest symptoms of skin sensitivity to {{c1::light}} and {{c2::GI}} distress
Published	08/23/2023	Tetracyclines are contraindicated in pregnancy and in children due to their ability to:1) discolor / deposit in {{c1::teeth}}2) inhibit {{c2::bone}} g…
Published	08/23/2023	Resistance to Tetracyclines occurs in two primary ways1) Decreasing {{c1::uptake}}2) Increasing {{c2::efflux}}
Published	08/23/2023	Tigecycline is a {{c1::tetracycline}} derivative that is resistant to bacterial {{c2::efflux pumps}}
Published	08/23/2023	Tigecycline is useful for infections that have {{c1::deep}} tissue penetration
Published	08/23/2023	Tigecycline is primarily used for bacteria that are {{c1::multiple-drug resistant}}
Published	08/23/2023	Tetracyclines are very effective against Rickettsia and Chlamydophila because these drugs {{c1::accumulate intracellularly}}
Published	08/23/2023	Which step ([A] - [E]) of Bacterial Protein Synthesis does the Quinupristin-Dalfopristin (Streptogramins) combination inhibit?{{c1::[C]}}
Published	08/23/2023	Which renal tubular defect syndrome is associated with the use of expired tetracyclines?{{c1::Fanconi Syndrome}}
Published	08/23/2023	If a patient presents with an undulating fever, what antimicrobial can be used to treat the organism in question?{{c1::Doxycycline}}
Published	08/23/2023	Aminoglycosides can lead to severe decreases in {{c1::Mg2+}} serum concentration, which in prolonged use can eventually precipitate {{c2::tetany}}
Published	08/23/2023	Tetracycline have activity against {{c1::Aerobic & anarobic}} gram {{c2::positive & negative}} organisms
Published	08/23/2023	Tetracycline clinical applications- {{c1::severe ance & risacea}}- {{c2::empiric therapy of CAP }}- {{c3::infections (respiratory, sinuses, m…
Published	08/23/2023	Tetracyclines are DOC for{{c1::Chlamydia}}{{c2::Mycoplasma pneumoniae }}{{c3::Lyme Disease}}{{c4::Cholera}}{{c6::{{c5::Anthrax Prophylaxis }…
Published	08/23/2023	{{c1::BlackBox warning}} of {{c2::glycylcyclines}} =  Increased risk of {{c3::mortality}}
Published	08/23/2023	{{c1::glycylcyclines}} are fecally eliminated, have similar AD to {{c2::Tetracyclines}}, and are Contraindicated in {{c3::prego women & children u…
Published	08/23/2023	DOC for Empiric Therapy of Infective Endocarditis: {{c1::Vancomycin & Amingoglycosides (gentamicin)}}
Published	08/23/2023	Amingoglycosides Pharmodynamics : {{c1::postantibiotic effect + concentration dosing = once daily dosing }}
Published	08/23/2023	Alternative combination for gonorrhea: {{c1::Gentamicin + azithromycin }}
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