Notes in MIM 15 MHC: antigen presentation for T cells

To Subscribe, use this Key

Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	09/14/2024	APCs: 3 TypesActivated {{c1::B}} cellsActivated {{c1::macrophages}}Classic {{c1::dendritic}} cells
Published	09/14/2024	APCs: Dendritic CellsDendritic cells activate {{c1::naive CD4}} and {{c1::CD8}} T cells in peripheral/secondary lymphoid tissues.They activate {{c2::e…
Published	09/14/2024	APCs: Dendritic CellsDendritic cells utilize traditional presentation pathways, including {{c1::exogenous}} (MHC {{c2::II}} peptides) and {{c1::endoge…
Published	09/14/2024	APCs: MacrophagesMacrophages are abundant in {{c1::tissues}}.They interact with {{c2::effector}} and {{c2::memory CD4+}} T cells, which happens more i…
Published	09/14/2024	APCs: MacrophagesMacrophages utilize traditional presentation pathways, including {{c1::exogenous}} (MHC {{c2::II}} peptides) and {{c1::endogenous}} (…
Published	09/14/2024	APCs: B CellsB cells interact with {{c1::effector}} & {{c1::memory CD4+}} T cells in secondary/peripheral lymphoid tissues.{{c2::CD4+}} T cells, i…
Published	09/14/2024	APCs: B CellsB cells utilize traditional presentation pathways:{{c1::Exogenous}} (MHC {{c2::II}} peptides){{c1::Endogenous}} (MHC {{c2::I}} peptides)
Published	09/14/2024	APCs: Dendritic CellsAll nucleated body cells can present to CD8 T cells via MHC I, but only DCs are great activators of {{c1::naïve CD8+}} T cells.De…
Published	09/14/2024	APCs: Dendritic CellsDendritic cells have long, surface membrane {{c1::projections}} called dendrites.They constitutively express MHC {{c2::II}}, MHC …
Published	09/14/2024	APCs: Dendritic Cells - TravelDendritic cells enter at sites such as the skin, GI tract, respiratory tract (RT), and genitourinary tract (GU).The DC c…
Published	09/14/2024	APCs: Dendritic Cells - TravelDendritic cells are more effective at taking antigen (Ag) to {{c1::naïve T}} cells in tissues, while lymphatics carry fr…
Published	09/14/2024	APCs: Dendritic Cells - MigrationInnate immune signals activate dendritic cell migration through {{c1::TLR}} signaling.Inflammatory cytokines, such as…
Published	09/14/2024	APCs: Dendritic Cells - CCR7 and MigrationCCR7 is a chemokine receptor expressed on dendritic cells that is crucial for their migration to lymph nodes…
Published	09/14/2024	APCs: Dendritic CellsTravel/Maturation: Dendritic cells travel to the lymph nodes where they mature and present antigens.T Cells & B Cells Entry: …
Published	09/14/2024	APCs: Lymph Node TraffickingLymphatic vessels:Enter {{c1::afferent}} lymphatic vessels, mostly carrying {{c3::APCs+Ag}} or {{c3::free Ag}}.Exit via {{…
Published	09/14/2024	APCs: Lymph Node TraffickingIn the {{c1::Cortex}}, B cells are located at the border.The {{c2::Paracortex}} is where T cells “pair” with presenting ce…
Published	09/14/2024	APCs: Lymph Node TraffickingDendritic Cells:Dendritic cells increase {{c1::MHC}} expression as they migrate to the lymph nodesDendritic cells also enh…
Published	09/14/2024	MHC Structure and Peptide Binding: MHC MHC I has a large α chain that is {{c1::transmembrane}}.It also includes a small β2m protein that is {{c2:…
Published	09/14/2024	MHC Structure and Peptide Binding: MHC IIMHC II molecules have α and β chains that are {{c1::transmembrane}}.The peptide binding cleft of MHC II can h…
Published	09/14/2024	MHC Structure and Peptide Binding: Characteristics of Peptide BindingMHC molecules can present only {{c1::1}} antigen at a timeThey bind exclusively t…
Published	09/14/2024	MHC Structure and Peptide Binding: Characteristics of Peptide BindingMHC molecules can present multiple peptides to various TCRs.MHC I: Presents {{c1:…
Published	09/14/2024	MHC Structure and Peptide Binding: Characteristics of Peptide BindingThe TCR interacts with both the peptide and the MHC molecule. It recognizes only …
Published	09/14/2024	MHC Structure and Peptide Binding: SuperantigensSuperantigens activate CD{{c1::4}} T cells without the need for antigen-specificity!Superantigens acti…
Published	09/14/2024	MHC Structure and Peptide Binding: Superantigens → ExotoxinsSuperantigens are toxins that cause excessive immune activation by directly linking MHC cl…
Published	09/14/2024	MHC Structure and Peptide Binding: CharacteristicsPeptides are loaded onto MHC molecules {{c1::inside}} cells, a process crucial for immune recognitio…
Published	09/14/2024	MHC Structure and Peptide Binding: CharacteristicsPeptides are loaded onto MHC molecules inside the cell and then transported to the cell {{c1::surfac…
Published	09/14/2024	MHC Structure and Peptide Binding: CharacteristicsMHC molecules are always expressed on the cell surface with a bound peptide. There are no “{{c1::emp…
Published	09/14/2024	MHC Structure and Peptide Binding: CharacteristicsMHC molecules present only {{c1::peptides}}.Each MHC molecule presents {{c2::1}} peptide at a time.M…
Published	09/14/2024	Ag Processing & PresentationDifferent pathways are utilized to display peptides on MHC I versus MHC II:MHC I: Peptides are derived from internal p…
Published	09/14/2024	Ag Processing & Presentation: MHC II Presentation ({{c1::Exogenous}} pathway)Extracellular antigens are ingested and processed into peptides.MHC I…
Published	09/14/2024	Ag Processing & Presentation: MHC I Presentation ({{c1::Endogenous}} pathway)Cytosolic proteins are ubiquitinated, marking them for degradation by…
Published	09/14/2024	Ag Processing & Presentation: {{c1::Cross Presentation}}Cross presentation allows dendritic cells (DCs) to activate naive CD8+ T cells in lymph no…
Published	09/14/2024	MHC Gene Inheritance and Expression: MeaningThe major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a major culprit of {{c1::transplant}} rejection, though it a…
Published	09/14/2024	MHC Gene Inheritance and Expression: Donor bloodMHC is a protein and polymorphic, so:MHC proteins from a donor can be processed and presented as {{c1:…
Published	09/14/2024	MHC Gene Inheritance and Expression: Class I and Class II MHC GenesThe Class I MHC locus encodes {{c1::three}} HLA-I genes, which include HLA-{{c2::A}…
Published	09/14/2024	MHC Gene Inheritance and Expression: Class I and II MHC GenesClass I MHC locus encodes three HLA-I genes, which are responsible for presenting endogen…
Published	09/14/2024	MHC Gene Inheritance and Expression: Class I and Class II MHC Genes{{c1::Codominance}} means we express both alleles from mom and dad.We inherit {{c2:…
Published	09/14/2024	MHC gene inheritance and expression: Class 1 and 2 MHC genes{{c1::MHC halotype}}= all of the MHC genes on each chromosome that are inherited as "…
Published	09/14/2024	MHC Gene Inheritance and Expression{{c1::Polymorphic}} gene expression of MHC I & MHC II alleles is a major contributor to transplant rejection an…
Status	Last Update	Fields