Notes in 01_Adrenal Insufficiency

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Published	02/10/2024	{{c2::Adrenal insufficiency}} is {{c1::when the adrenal glands do not produce enough adrenal hormones, including mineralocorticoids (e.g. al…
Published	02/10/2024	{{c2::Primary Adrenal Insufficiency (Addison’s Disease)}} is {{c1::adrenal gland damage leading to underproduction of adrenal cortex hormones usu…
Published	02/10/2024	{{c2::Secondary Adrenal Insufficiency}} is {{c1::pituitary gland damage leading to underproduction of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) res…
Published	02/10/2024	{{c2::Tertiary Adrenal Insufficiency}} is the result of {{c1::hypothalamic damage/downregulation leading to inadequate Corticotrophin-Releasing H…
Published	02/10/2024	Presentation of {{c2::Adrenal Insufficiency}} {{c1::Fatigue}} {{c1::Nausea}} {{c1::Cramps}}{{c1::Bronze hyperpigmentation to skin}} {{c1::Ab…
Published	02/10/2024	The two most common signs of {{c2::Adrenal Insufficiency}} are {{c1::Bronze hyperpigmentation to skin}} and {{c1::Hypotension}}
Published	02/10/2024	{{c2::Addisonian crisis}} is {{c1::an acute presentation of Addison’s, where the absence of steroid hormones (aldosterone and cortisol) lead…
Published	02/10/2024	Presentation of {{c2::Addisonian Crisis}} {{c1::Reduced consciousness}} {{c1::Hypotension}} {{c1::Hypoglycaemia, hyponatraemia, hyperkalemia}} {{c1::P…
Published	02/10/2024	The key biochemical clue of Adrenal insufficiency is {{c1::Hyponatraemia (low sodium)}}
Published	02/10/2024	The test of choice for diagnosis of {{c2::Primary Adrenal Insufficiency}} is {{c1::Short Synacthen Test (ACTH stimulation test)}}
Published	02/10/2024	In {{c2::primary}} adrenal failure, the ACTH level is {{c1::high}}
Published	02/10/2024	In {{c2::secondary}} adrenal failure, the ACTH level is {{c1::low}}
Published	02/10/2024	After diagnosis of Adrenal insufficiency we determine the underlying cause by checking the {{c1::adrenal antibodies (e.g. adrenal cortex, 21-hydroxyla…
Published	02/10/2024	Adrenal autoantibodies that are present in 80% of autoimmune adrenal insufficiency include {{c1::Adrenal cortex}} antibodies and {{c1::21-hy…
Published	02/10/2024	If suspicion of Adrenal insufficiency is high and the patient is unwell then treat with {{c1::steroids}} first and do {{c1::Synacthen}} test&nbsp…
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Hydrocortisone}} is a glucocorticoid hormone and is used to replace {{c2::cortisol}}.
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Fludrocortisone}} is a mineralocorticoid hormone and is used to replace {{c2::aldosterone}}.
Published	02/10/2024	For patients with Adrenal Insufficiency, during {{c2::minor short-lived illness or stress}}, they are given {{c1::double glucocorticoid}} dose
Published	02/10/2024	For patients with Adrenal Insufficiency, during {{c2::major illness or operation}}, they are given {{c1::100mg IV hydrocortisone}} dose
Published	02/10/2024	In Adrenal Insufficiency, doses of Hydrocortisone are {{c1::doubled}} during an acute illness (e.g. flu or UTI) until they have recovered to match the…
Published	02/10/2024	Managing patients with {{c2::Addisonian Crisis}} involves: {{c1::IV resuscitation}}{{c1::IV hydrocortisone 100mg}}{{c1::Treatment of hypoglycaemia}}
Published	02/10/2024	Causes of Primary Adrenal Insufficiency {{c1::Autoimmune (Addison’s)}} {{c1::Metastasis, surgery, or infection}} {{c1::Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrom…
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome}} involves {{c2::haemorrhage into adrenal glands, patient presents with invasive meningococcal disease secondar…
Published	02/10/2024	CT / MRI adrenals is done for {{c1::Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome}}, a cause of adrenal insufficiency, which shows {{c2::haemorrhage}} and {{c2::ca…
Published	02/10/2024	Causes of Secondary Adrenal Insufficiency {{c1::Pituitary adenoma}} {{c1::Sheehan’s syndrome (postpartum pituitary damage because of hypovolaemia)}} {…
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