Notes in 11 Lipids, Dyslipoproteinemia, Cardiac Markers

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Cholesterol1. Esterified2. Free Form{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Chylomicrons}} are human plasma lipoproteins that have little electrophoretic mobility
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::LDL}} are considered Beta-Lipoproteins{{c1::VLDL & Lp(a)}} are considered Pre-Beta-Lipoproteins
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::HDL}} are considered Alpha-Lipoproteins
Published	07/30/2024	Major Apolipoproteins of VLDL{{c1::B-100C-IC-IIC-IIIE}}
Published	07/30/2024	Major Apolipoproteins of IDL{{c1::B-100E}}
Published	07/30/2024	Major Apolipoproteins of LDL{{c1::B-100}}
Published	07/30/2024	Major Apolipoproteins of HDL2 & HDL3{{c1::A-IA-IIE}}
Published	07/30/2024	Major Apolipoproteins of Lp(a){{c1::B-100(a)}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Chylomicrons & VLDLs::2}} are lipoproteins with the highest and 2nd highest % of TAGs, respectively
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::LDLs}} are lipoproteins with the highest % of cholesterol esters
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::HDLs}} are lipoproteins with the highest % of proteins and phospholipids
Published	07/30/2024	In a standing plasma test, an aliquot of plasma is allowed to stand at {{c1::4}} C undisturbed overnight
Published	07/30/2024	In a standing plasma test, a floating cream layer indicates presence of {{c1::chylomicrons}}
Published	07/30/2024	In a standing plasma test, tubidity indicates presence of {{c1::VLDLs}}
Published	07/30/2024	Products when hydrolyzed by LPLChylomicrons → {{c1::LDL}} + {{c1::CM Remnant}}VLDL → {{c1::IDL}} + {{c1::VLDL Remnant}}
Published	07/30/2024	VLDLs are produced by the {{c1::liver}}
Published	07/30/2024	50% of the total lipoprotein mass in human plasma is made up of {{c1::LDL}}
Published	07/30/2024	LDLs & HDLs are cleared by the {{c1::liver}}
Published	07/30/2024	Lipoprotein (A) is associated w/ {{c1::coronary and cerebrovascular}} diseases
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::LPX}} Lipoprotein is associated in {{c2::obstructive biliary disease and LCAT deficiency::2 diseases}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Beta VLDL::Lipoprotein}} accumulates during Type {{c2::III}} Hyperlipoproteinemia
Published	07/30/2024	Apo{{c2::A}} & {{c2::D}} activates {{c1::LCAT}}
Published	07/30/2024	ApoC-II activates {{c1::lipoprotein lipase}}
Published	07/30/2024	Apo{{c1::E}} is associated with HDL
Published	07/30/2024	Apo{{c1::A-I}} is the ligand for ABCA1
Published	07/30/2024	Apo{{c1::B-48}} is not recognized by LDLR
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::LCAT::Enzyme}} - Catalyzes the esterification of cholesterol and their accumulation in HDLs
Published	07/30/2024	LPL is expressed in what tissues?{{c1::Capillary endothelial cells in adipose tissueSkeletal tissueHeart tissue::3}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::LDLR::Enzyme}} - Binds apoE and apoB-100 and mediates endocytosis of lipoproteins, mostly LDL, but also VLDL, IDL, and CM remnants
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] LDL Clearance1. LDLR on most cell types2. LDLR on hepatocytes{{c1::B. 70%}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::MTP::Enzyme}} - Lipidates and regulates secretion of ApoB particles from the liver and intestines
Published	07/30/2024	Deficiency in MTP leads to {{c1::abetalipoproteinemia::lipid disorder}} were ApoB lipoproteins are virtually undetectable in plasma
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::PLTP::Enzyme}} - Transfer of PL to and from HDL
Published	07/30/2024	LCAT Gene Location: {{c1::16q22.1}}
Published	07/30/2024	LPL Gene Location: {{c1::8q22}}
Published	07/30/2024	LDLR Gene Location: {{c1::19p13.2}}
Published	07/30/2024	MTP Gene Location: {{c1::4q24}}
Published	07/30/2024	PLTP Gene Location: {{c1::20q12}}
Published	07/30/2024	No Amount of flashcards is going to help you remember this shit if you just don't understand it. {{c1::Read the fucking text below}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Fasting Required1. LDL in measuring total cholesterol and HDL2. In measuring LDL, chylomicrons need to be broken down first{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	Cholesterol screening is recommended every {{c1::5}} years
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Cholesterol before menopause1. Male2. Female{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Cholesterol after menopause1. Male2. Female{{c1::C}}
Published	07/30/2024	[VR]1. OCPs2. Serum Cholesterol{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	Chylomicrons should be cleared within {{c1::6-9}} hours
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Total cholesterol and HDL::2 lipid parameters}} can be measured w/o fasting
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::TAGs and LDL-C::2 lipid parameters}} needs fasting of {{c1::9-12}} hours to be measured
Published	07/30/2024	The ideal position for lipid profile blood extraction is {{c1::recumbent}}
Published	07/30/2024	Tourniquet application should not be applied for >{{c1::1-2}} mins or else a transient {{c1::10-15}}% increase in HDL will occur due to hemoconcent…
Published	07/30/2024	[VR]1. Anticoagulants2. Lipoprotein readings{{c1::A. but false increase}}
Published	07/30/2024	[VR]1. Trauma2. Lipoprotein readings{{c1::A. but false increase}}
Published	07/30/2024	[VR]1. Acute infection2. Lipoprotein readings{{c1::A. but false increase}}
Published	07/30/2024	[VR]1. Preggy2. Lipoprotein readings{{c1::A. but false increase}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Preferred Sample1. Capillary Blood2. Venous{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::The Modified Abell-Kendall Method}} is the reference method for cholesterol estimation
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::The Enzymatic Method}} uses peroxide and reads the amount of liberated hydrogen peroxide to estimate cholesterol levels
Published	07/30/2024	Ascorbic acid levels of >{{c1::30}} mg/dL will interfere w/ cholesterol determination
Published	07/30/2024	Bilirubin levels of >{{c1::5}} mg/dL will interfere w/ cholesterol determination
Published	07/30/2024	The reference method for TAG estimation uses {{c1::sodium periodate}}
Published	07/30/2024	The enzymatic method for TAG estimation uses {{c1::lipase}} to generate {{c1::glycerol phosphate}} to be measured spectrophotometrically
Published	07/30/2024	In mg/dL, LDL-C = {{c1::\(\frac{(Total-C)-(HDL-C)-(TAG)}{5}\)}}
Published	07/30/2024	In mmol/L, LDL-C = {{c1::\(\frac{(Total-C)-(HDL-C)-(TAG)}{2.175}\)}}
Published	07/30/2024	Normal Values: Lipid Profile Optimum LevelsTotal-C: <{{c1::200}}TAG: <{{c1::150}}LDL-C: <{{c1::100}}HDL: >{{c1::60}}
Published	07/30/2024	Major Risk factors the modify LDL goals1. Smoking2. HPN of >/= {{c1::140/190}} or on anti-HPN medication3. Low HDL4. CHD in a male 1st-degree relat…
Published	07/30/2024	If the px has a LDL of >{{c1::160}}, initiate therapeutic life changesif LDL >{{c1::190}}, initiate fibrates or statins
Published	07/30/2024	Fredrickson Classification of HyperlipoproteinemiaHas a thick creamy layer because of the extremely elevated TG due to chylomicronsType {{c1::I}}
Published	07/30/2024	Fredrickson Classification of HyperlipoproteinemiaElevated LDL. Thus, appears {{c1::clear}}Type {{c1::IIa}}
Published	07/30/2024	Fredrickson Classification of HyperlipoproteinemiaElevated LDL and VLDL. Thus, appears turbidType {{c1::IIb}}
Published	07/30/2024	Fredrickson Classification of HyperlipoproteinemiaVLDL-C/plasma TG ratio >{{c2::0.3}}Type {{c1::III}}
Published	07/30/2024	Fredrickson Classification of HyperlipoproteinemiaElevated VLDLType {{c1::IV}}
Published	07/30/2024	Fredrickson Classification of HyperlipoproteinemiaElevated VLDL with chylomicronsType {{c1::V}}
Published	07/30/2024	Why is the Fredrickson Classification of hyperlipoproteinemia problematic?{{c1::It does not take into account HDL}}
Published	07/30/2024	Low {{c1::yield}}
Published	07/30/2024	[VR]1. LDLR gene mutation2. LDL-C Clearance{{c1::B. Thus, hypercholesterolemia}}
Published	07/30/2024	Hypercholesteolemia ClassificationLDLR is not synthesized properlyClass {{c1::I}}
Published	07/30/2024	Hypercholesteolemia ClassificationLDLR is not properly transported from the ER to the golgi apparatus for expression on the cell surfaceClass {{c1::II…
Published	07/30/2024	Hypercholesteolemia ClassificationLDLR does not properly bind LDL on the cell surfaceClass {{c1::III}}
Published	07/30/2024	Hypercholesteolemia ClassificationLDLR bound to LDL does not properly cluster in clathrin-coated pits for receptor-mediated endocytosisClass {{c1::IV}…
Published	07/30/2024	Hypercholesteolemia ClassificationLDLR is not recycled back to the cell surfaceClass {{c1::V}}
Published	07/30/2024	The most common form of high cholesterol with high LDL-C is {{c1::Polygenic (Nonfamilial) Hypercholesterolemia}}
Published	07/30/2024	Diabetic Dyslipidemia is characterized by high {{c1::TAG}} and normal {{c1::cholesterol}}
Published	07/30/2024	Tangier Disease is a form of isolated {{c1::Low HDL-C}}
Status	Last Update	Fields