Notes in MSS Week 2

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	08/12/2024	sarcolemma,sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR),terminal cisternae of SR,Triad,Transverse (T) tubule,Mitochondria
Published	08/12/2024	tail,head,two heavy chains,light chain
Published	08/12/2024	Titin extends from the M line to the Zline, through the core of the thickfilament. It is an elastic fibre whichstabilises the sarcomere and providesel…
Published	08/12/2024	sarcomere,M-line,H-zone,Z-line/disc,myofibril,Titin,thick filament,myosin molecule,myosin tail,myosin head
Published	08/12/2024	troponin complex,tropomyosin,actin
Published	08/12/2024	Covers the active sites on actin; stabilises and strengthens the thinfilament
Published	08/12/2024	troponin I (TnI) binds actintroponin T (TnT) binds tropomyosintroponin (TnC) C binds Ca2+
Published	08/12/2024	Dystropin links thin filamentsto integral proteins ofsarcolemma, through acomplex structure called acostamere
Published	08/12/2024	Nebulin anchors and stabilises thethin filament, while titin anchorsand stabilises the thick filament
Published	08/12/2024	anchor for thin filamentsand boundary between sarcomeres
Published	08/12/2024	center of sarcomere, anchoringthe thick filaments
Published	08/12/2024	thin filaments only (bright band)
Published	08/12/2024	thick filaments (dark band)
Published	08/12/2024	area at center of sarcomerewhere the thick and thin filaments donot overlap (thick filaments only)
Published	08/12/2024	the neuromuscular junction (NMJ)
Published	08/12/2024	IN response to an action potential,acetylecholine (ACh) isreleased from the motor neuron's presynaptic terminal. This binds to cholinergic receptors (…
Published	08/12/2024	They are present in the T-tubule. They are L-type voltage-gated Calcium channels which open in response to action potentials from motor neurons.
Published	08/12/2024	These are present on the terminal cisternae of the SR. They are Calcium-activated calcium channels, which open either as a direct result of DHP activa…
Published	08/12/2024	In skeletal muscle only
Published	08/12/2024	Ca2+ binds to troponin (at TnC), on the thin filamentTroponin-Ca2+ complex changes position, pullingtropomyosin (at TnT) away from the active sites on…
Published	08/12/2024	-myosin binds ATP and hydrolyses it via ATPase into ADP+Pi. Myosin stores the energy from this reaction and is now activated-Myosin, in its high-energ…
Published	08/12/2024	1) Cross bridge formation2) Power (working) stroke3) Cross bridge detachment4) Myosin heads reset
Published	08/12/2024	Stimulation at the NMJ endsACh is rapidly degraded by acetylcholinesterase(AChE) and recycledThe nerve terminal may also re-uptake AChCa2+ is re-seque…
Published	08/12/2024	Calcium leaks into sarcoplasm from SRCross-bridge formation occursabsence of ATP prevents detachment of myosin from actin and also reuptake of calcium…
Published	08/12/2024	motor neuron signal causes a depolarisation in smooth muscle sarcolemmaVGLTCa2+ channels openClacium influx from ECFCalcium binds to calmodulin and ac…
Published	08/12/2024	-intracellular calcium drops due to loss of signal-calcium is mostly moved out of the cell into ECF (by ATPase), Some is sequestered in SR.-Calcium di…
Published	08/12/2024	Multi-unit: -individually innervated and can act independently,-no direct communication between neighbouring cells- fine control scuh as in ciliary mu…
Published	08/12/2024	• Hundred of fibres act as one unit• Fibres arranged in sheets/bundles• Gap junctions allow transmission ofions and action potentials• May lack connec…
Published	08/12/2024	Discrete fibres operatingindependently• Innervated by motor neurons(often single nerve)• Slow contraction• Examples:• Ciliary and Iris muscles of eye•…
Status	Last Update	Fields