Notes in Respiratory

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	03/13/2025	{{c1::Conducting airways}} conduit for the movement of air between the {{c2::atmosphere and respiratory airways}}The {{c1::transitional system}} is th…
Published	02/27/2025	How much pulmonary gas exchange occurs in the conducting airways?
Published	02/27/2025	What types of cells make up the conducting, transitional, and respiratory airways?
Published	02/27/2025	The {{c1::conducting airways}} has {{c2::ciliated and secretory}} cells for protection, but there is a reduction in these cell types at the {{c1::tran…
Published	02/27/2025	What serves as the primary site for gas exchange between the lungs and cardiovascular system?
Published	02/27/2025	Define/describe fucntion of the following alveolus cell types:{{c1::Capillary endothelial cells}}: {{c2::regulate flow of blood, nutrients, and gases}…
Published	02/27/2025	Define/describe the following Spirometry terms: {{c1::Tidal volume}}: {{c2::volume inhaled/exhaled with each normal breath}}{{c1::Inspiratory res…
Published	03/15/2025	{{c1::Spirometry}} involves catergorizing respiratory air movement into functional {{c2::volumes and capacities}}
Published	03/15/2025	What are the muscles involved in inspiration and expiration?
Published	02/27/2025	{{c1::Alveolar air}} pressure {{c2::decreases}} during inspiration and {{c2::increases}} during expiration. {{c1::Pleural}} pressure is always {{…
Published	02/27/2025	What pressure is a measure of elastic forces in the lung? (The difference between alveolar and pleural pressure)
Published	02/27/2025	What does greater transpulmonary pressure lead to?
Published	02/27/2025	{{c1::Type I Pneumocytes}} are made up of {{c2::squamous}} cells, participate in {{c2::gas exchange}}, and lack {{c2::regeneration}}. {{c1::Type …
Published	02/27/2025	Where do the conducting airways receive blood from to provide for their metabolic demands?
Published	02/27/2025	Why is normal expiration a passive process?
Published	03/04/2025	What are the main functions of the conduction airways?
Published	03/04/2025	How does the conduction airway help protect the lower respiratory tract?
Published	03/04/2025	What are the conduction airways made up of?
Published	03/04/2025	What is lung compliance?
Published	03/04/2025	How is lung compliance defined mathematically?
Published	03/04/2025	What is lung compiance determined by?
Published	03/04/2025	{{c1::Pulmonary fibrosis}} involves {{c2::scarring of the lung}}. It is caused from enhanced deposition of {{c2::collagen}} during inflammation, which…
Published	03/04/2025	What are the main forces that oppose ventilation?
Published	03/04/2025	{{c1::Collagen}} and {{c1::elastin}} fibers contribute to the {{c2::elastic forces}} of the lung tissue. {{c1::Collagen}} fibers {{c2::decrease}} comp…
Published	03/04/2025	{{c1::Surface tension}} is created by {{c2::fluid that lines alveolar sacs and other air spaces}} and tends to {{c2::oppose}} expansion of the lung ti…
Published	03/04/2025	When surface tension is eliminated, what happens to the lungs?
Published	03/04/2025	What causes surface tension, and why does this matter in the lungs?
Published	03/04/2025	Why is surfactant important?
Published	03/04/2025	Why does airway resistance occur, and what does it determine?
Published	03/04/2025	Airflow resistance {{c1::decreases}} as air moves down the respiratory tree. The {{c1::greatest}} resistance is in the {{c2::bronchi and bronchioles}}…
Published	03/04/2025	{{c1::Restrictive}} lung disease makes it {{c2::difficult to fully expand your lungs}}{{c1::Obstructive lung}} disease makes it {{…
Published	03/04/2025	What specific parts of the respiratory system are obstructive and restrictive lung disease associated with?
Published	03/04/2025	Why are the conduction airways important?
Published	03/04/2025	What are the extrathoracic airways susceptible to, and what helps prevent this?
Published	03/04/2025	Where does the most resistance occur in the respiratory tract?
Published	03/04/2025	What part of the respiratory system helps with protection and acts as a passageway for air?
Published	03/04/2025	What happens when the larynx artenoids are abducted?
Published	03/04/2025	Define/describe the following:{{c1::Ventilation}}: {{c2::the process of exchange of air between the lungs and the environment}}{{c1::Minute ventilatio…
Published	03/04/2025	In general, where is dead space?
Published	03/04/2025	Describe/define the following: {{c1::Physiological dead space}}: {{c2::the sum of anatomical and alveolar dead spaces.}}  {{c1::Anatomical d…
Published	03/04/2025	What are the two sources of blood flow to the lungs, and what do they do?
Published	03/04/2025	Where does bronchial circulation branch off of?
Published	03/04/2025	{{c1::Bronchial}} arteries have {{c2::high}} pressure and {{c2::low}} flow, while {{c1::pulmonary}} artries have {{c2::low}} pressure and {{c2::high}}…
Published	03/04/2025	What is the significance of the pulmonary arteries having thinner walls and less muscle when compared to systemic arteries?
Published	03/04/2025	What determines fluid movement in the pulmonary capillaries?
Published	03/04/2025	Is interstitial oncotic pressure higher or lower in systemic or pulmonary circulation?
Published	03/04/2025	How does pulmonary circulation respond to hypoxia, and why?
Published	03/04/2025	Blood flow can increase 4-7 times during exercise, but this does not typically cause large spikes in blood pressure. Why?
Published	03/04/2025	What artery can accomodate increased CO2?
Published	03/04/2025	Why does left sided heart failure occur?
Published	03/04/2025	What causes pulmonary edema?
Published	03/04/2025	What term describes the net movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration?
Published	03/04/2025	How does gas exchange occur at the level of the alveoli?
Published	03/04/2025	What is the sum of the partial pressures of each individual gas in the mixture used to calculate?
Published	03/04/2025	How do you calculate partial pressure?
Published	03/04/2025	Are the gases which participate in gas exchange within the lungs soluble or insoluble in water?
Published	03/04/2025	What is the molar concentration of gas molecules dissolved in the solution is dependent upon, and what does it mean?
Published	03/04/2025	What makes up ambient air?
Published	03/04/2025	Because inhaled CO2 is minimal, where does the majority of CO2 in the alveoli come from?
Published	03/04/2025	What does a greater solubility coefficient mean?
Published	03/04/2025	What is more soluble, CO2 or O2?
Published	03/04/2025	What is net diffusion from a gas (ex: alveoli) to liquid (ex: blood) dependent on?
Published	03/04/2025	{{c1::O2}} pressure is usually higher in {{c2::alveoli}}{{c1::CO2}} pressure is usually higher in {{c2::blood}}
Published	03/04/2025	What is the alveolar partial pressure of oxygen determined by?
Published	03/04/2025	What is the alveolar partial pressure of carbon dioxide determined by?
Published	03/04/2025	For alveolar partial pressure of oxygen:As {{c2::alveolar ventilation}} increases, alveolar PO2 {{c1::increases }}As {{c2::consumption}} increase…
Published	03/04/2025	What is the composition of alveolar air determined by?
Published	03/04/2025	Does the concentration of a gas within alveoli gradually increase or decrease with each successive breath?
Published	03/04/2025	Why is the slow replacement of alveolar air avoids important?
Published	03/18/2025	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.0862:top=.0586:width=.3483:height=.1857}}{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.0834:top=.2956:width=.3483:height=.1857}}{{…
Published	03/18/2025	The three mechanisms that prevent acid base disturbances are {{c1::buffers}}, {{c1::lungs}}, {{c1::kidneys}}
Published	03/18/2025	{{c1::Bicarbonate}} and {{c1::hemoglobin}} are the most important blood buffers.
Published	03/18/2025	Respiratory acidosis is due to an {{c1::increase in CO2 (gain acid)}}, while metabolic acidosis is due to {{c1::loss of a base or gain of an…
Published	03/18/2025	What are the two categories of metabolic acidosis, and what causes each?
Published	03/18/2025	What are the major categories of high anion gap/ titrational metabolic acidosis?
Published	03/18/2025	What is the most common cause of metabolic alkalosis?
Published	03/18/2025	A patient comes in with a high pH, low PCO2, and low bicarbonate. What is this indicative of?
Published	03/18/2025	A patient comes in with a high pH, high bicarbonate, and high PCO2. What is this indicative of?
Published	03/18/2025	A patient comes in with low pH, high PCO2,  and high bicarbonate. What is this indicative of?
Published	03/18/2025	A patient comes in with low pH, low bicarbonate, high anion gap, and low PCO2. What is this indicative of?
Published	03/18/2025	A patient comes in with low pH, low bicarbonate, high Cl-, and low PCO2. What is this indicative of?
Published	03/18/2025	Respiratory Control of PCO2In response to {{c1::acidemia}}, the body will {{c2::decrease}} PCO2 by {{c2::increasing}} ventilationIn res…
Published	03/18/2025	Renal control of HCO3-In response to {{c1::acidemia}}, the kidneys will increase HCO3- {{c2::retention/ creation}} and H+ {{c2::excreti…
Status	Last Update	Fields