Notes in L25 - Complex Lipids and Eicosanoids

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Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::Phospholipases}} catalyze the removal of fatty acids from glycerol and {{c1::acyltransferases}} catalyze the addition of fatty acids
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::PLA2}} removes fatty acid from the second position of glycerophospholipids.
Published	11/02/2024	The primary fat content of pulmonary surfactant is a {{c1::phosphatidylcholine}} with {{c1::two saturated palmitate chains}} (aka {{c1::DPPC or lecith…
Published	11/02/2024	A lack of pulmonary surfact puts an individual at risk for {{c1::RDS (respiratory distress syndrome)}} secondary to {{c1::airway collapse on expiratio…
Published	11/02/2024	A spingosine is an {{c1::amino acid}} synthesized from {{c1::palmitate (fatty acid)}} and {{c1::serine (amino acid)}}
Published	11/02/2024	A spingosine with one fatty acid bound is called a {{c1::ceramide}}
Published	11/02/2024	Sphingolipids can be classified as either {{c1::sphingophospholipids}} or {{c1::glycosphingolipids}}
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Published	11/02/2024	The most abundant sphingophospholipid of the body is {{c1::sphingomyelin}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::Neutral glycosphingolipids (ex cerebrosides)}} are sphingolipids with one carbohydrate group.
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::Glucocerebroside}} and {{c1::galactocerebroside}} are both examples of neutral glycosphingolipids
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::Acidic glycosphingolipids}} are sphingolipids with multiple carbohydrate groups.
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::Gangliosides}} and {{c1::sulfatides}} are two common examples of acidic glycosphingolipids
Published	11/02/2024	Sphingolipids are primarily eliminated by {{c1::macrophages}} via {{c1::endolysosomal}} degredation
Published	11/02/2024	Sphingolipidoses are a form of {{c1::lysosomal storage}} disease.
Published	11/02/2024	Gaucher disease.Inheritance pattern: {{c1::autosomal recessive}}Deficient protein: {{c1::glucocerebrosidase (GBA)}}Disease type: {{c1::lysosomal stora…
Published	11/02/2024	why do glucocerebrosides build up in macrophages in gaucher disease
Published	11/02/2024	Gaucher's disease is commonly associated with a wide array of bone defects. The following are common examples of this:{{c1::Lytic}} lesions{{c1::H-sha…
Published	11/02/2024	The ABO gene is located on chromosome {{c1::9}} and encodes a {{c1::glycoslytransferase}} enzyme responsible for {{c1::transfering a specific carbohyd…
Published	11/02/2024	Blood type is determined by a specific glycosyltransferase encoded on chromosome 9 that catalyzes the addition of the following terminal residues to c…
Published	11/02/2024	The common precursor of most eicosanoids is {{c1::arachidonic acid}}
Published	11/02/2024	What are the three classes of eicosanoids?{{c1::prostaglandinsthromboxanesleukotrienes}}
Published	11/02/2024	The first step in eicosanoid synthesis is {{c1::release of arachidonic acid from phospholipids of the cell membrane by activation of phospholipase A2}…
Published	11/02/2024	The cyclo-oxygenase pathway begins with a molecule of {{c1::arachidonic acid}} and ends with the production of {{c1::PGH2}}, the common precursor of a…
Published	11/02/2024	PGH2 synthase ({{c1::COX1 and COX2}} isoenzymes) has both {{c1::cycloooxygenase}} and peroxidase activity. It is responsible for generating the common…
Published	11/02/2024	In the lipoxygenase pathway, {{c1::5-LOX}} converts {{c1::arachidonic acid}} to {{c1::LTA4}}
Published	11/02/2024	LT{{c1::B4}} is a leukotrine produced at sites of inflammation that  recruits neutrophils to sites of injury
Published	11/02/2024	LT{{c1::D4}} is the leukotriene responsible for the profound bronchoconstriction of an asthma attack
Published	11/02/2024	Eicosanoids synthesized via the {{c1::cytochrome p450 epoxygenase pathway}} are highly correlated with CVD, DM, and CKD
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::Reactive oxygen species}} can catalyze the production of prostaglandin analogs ({{c1::isoprostanes}}) via a {{c1::redox}} reaction. {{c1::Isopro…
Published	11/02/2024	Eicosanoids are released from cells via {{c1::an ABC-type}} transporter.
Published	11/02/2024	The typical receptor targets of eicosanoids are {{c1::g-protein coupled}} receptors
Published	11/02/2024	Cortisol can inhibit inflammation through the inhibition of {{c1::phospholipase A2}}, {{c1::IL-2}}, and {{c1::histamine}}
Published	11/02/2024	COX{{c1::1}} mediates constitutive eicosanoid biosynthesis that is important for hemostasis of many tissues and organs. COX{{c1::2}} is inducible and …
Published	11/02/2024	NSAIDs exert their effect through the inhibition of the {{c1::COX2 isoenzyme}}, but can cause significant organ damage through the inhibition of {{c1:…
Published	11/02/2024	Selective COX2 inhibitors were designed with the intention of eliminating the side effects of {{c1::COX1}} inhibition. However, they are rarely used a…
Published	11/02/2024	A diet high in {{c1::omega-3}} fatty acids can alter the profile of eicosanoids and triglycerides
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Published	11/02/2024	PGH2 synthase has two isoenzymes, {{c1::COX1}} and {{c1::COX2}}
Published	11/02/2024	like glycerophospholipids, dietary sphingolipids are also digested by {{c1::intestinal brush border cells}}, though its less efficient
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::PLA1}} removes fatty acids from the first position on glycerophospholids
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::PLC}} breaks the bond b/w glycerol and the phosphate group
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::PLD}} removes structures attached to the phosphate group of glycerophospholids
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::Phosphatidylcholine}} and {{c1::phosphatidylethanolamine}} are the two most common glycerophospholipids
Published	11/02/2024	aspirin inhibits COX{{c1::1 and 2}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::PGE2::eicosanoid}} induces uterine contractions during childbirth
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