Notes in gynecological

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Published	12/13/2024	A(n) {{c1::bartholin cyst}} is a cystic dilation of the bartholin gland
Published	12/13/2024	{{c1::Condyloma}} is a warty neoplasm of genital skin, often caused by low-risk HPV strains, and is often large
Published	12/13/2024	Vaginal carcinoma arises from the {{c1::stratified squamous}} epithelium lining the vaginal mucosa
Published	12/13/2024	What is the percent chance of reversal back to normal cervical epithelium in CIN III? {{c1::Slim, but still possible}}
Published	12/13/2024	A pap smear is performed by scraping cells at the {{c1::transformation zone}} of the cervix
Published	12/13/2024	One limitation of pap smears is {{c1::inadequate sampling}} of transformation zone resulting in false negative screening
Published	12/13/2024	Growth of endometrium is {{c1::estrogen}} driven (proliferative phase)
Published	12/13/2024	{{c1::Endometriosis}} is the abnormal placement of endometrial {{c2::glands}} and {{c2::stroma}} outside the endometrial lining/cavity
Published	12/13/2024	Endometriosis often presents with {{c1::dysmenorrhea}} and cyclic {{c3::pelvic}} pain; it may also cause {{c2::infertility}}
Published	12/13/2024	{{c1::Endometrial hyperplasia}} is the hyperplasia of endometrial glands relative to the stroma
Published	12/13/2024	Endometrial hyperplasia has increased risk for progression to endometrial {{c1::carcinoma}}
Published	12/13/2024	What is the most common invasive (malignant) carcinoma of the female genital tract? {{c1::Endometrial carcinoma}}
Published	12/13/2024	In the {{c1::hyperplasia}} pathway (75%) of endometrial carcinoma, the carcinoma arises from {{c2::endometrial hyperplasia}}
Published	12/13/2024	In the {{c1::sporadic}} pathway (25%) of endometrial carcinoma, the carcinoma arises in an atrophic endometrium with no precursor lesion
Published	12/13/2024	The average age of presentation of endometrial carcinoma from the hyperplasia pathway is {{c1::60}} years old
Published	12/13/2024	{{c1::Leiomyoma (uterine fibroid)}} is a benign neoplastic proliferation of smooth muscle arising from myometrium
Published	12/13/2024	The histology image shows a whorled pattern of smooth muscle bundles with well-dermarcated borders, which is characteristic of {{c1::leiomyoma (fibroi…
Published	12/13/2024	In polycystic ovarian syndrome, increased {{c1::LH}} production causes excess {{c2::androgen}} production (from theca cells), resulting in {{c3::hirsu…
Published	12/13/2024	Ovarian tumors may arise from three different cell types: 1. {{c1::surface epithelium}} 2. {{c1::germ cells}} (e.g. oocyte) 3. {{c1::sex cord stromal…
Published	12/13/2024	Ovarian {{c1::mucinous}} cystadenoma is a large, multiloculated benign tumor lined by mucus-secreting epithelium
Published	12/13/2024	Ovarian surface epithelial tumors typically present with vague {{c1::abdominal}} symptoms (e.g. pain, fullness) and signs of {{c1::compression}} (e.g.…
Published	12/13/2024	What demographic is most commonly affected by ovarian germ cell tumors? {{c1::Women of reproductive age (15-30 years old)::age}}
Published	12/13/2024	What is the most common malignant germ cell tumor in females? {{c1::Dysgerminoma}}
Published	12/13/2024	A(n) {{c2::dysgerminoma}} is an ovarian germ cell tumor composed of large cells with clear cytoplasm and central nuclei; described as "{{c1::frie…
Published	12/13/2024	Dysgerminoma has a(n) {{c1::good}} prognosis
Published	12/13/2024	Choriocarcinoma is a small, hemorrhagic tumor with early, diffuse {{c1::hematogenous}} spread, especially to the {{c1::lungs}}
Published	12/13/2024	Ectopic pregnancy is often clinically mistaken for {{c1::appendicitis}}
Published	12/13/2024	Ectopic pregnancy may present with a(n) {{c2::lower}} than expected rise in the hormone {{c1::hCG}} based on dates
Published	12/13/2024	Spontaneous abortion is common and occurs in up to {{c1::1/4}} of recognizable pregnancies
Published	12/13/2024	Risk factors for placenta previa include {{c1::multiparity}} and prior {{c1::C-section}}
Published	12/13/2024	Placental abruption typically presents with abrupt, {{c3::painful}} {{c2::third}} trimester {{c1::bleeding}}
Published	12/13/2024	Placenta accreta (or increta/percreta) presents with no separation of the placenta after delivery and {{c1::heavy post-partum bleeding}}
Published	12/13/2024	Placenta accreta often requires {{c1::hysterectomy}} after delivery due to attachment of the placenta to the uterus
Published	12/13/2024	{{c1::Preeclampsia}} is pregnancy-induced {{c2::hypertension}} with {{c3::proteinuria}} or {{c3::end-organ dysfunction}} after 20th week of gestation
Published	12/13/2024	Preeclampsia typically presents {{c1::after}} the 20th week of gestation
Published	12/13/2024	Hydatidiform mole presents with {{c1::higher}} levels of hCG than expected for the date of gestation
Published	12/13/2024	A(n) {{c1::complete}} hydatidiform mole is associated with {{c2::very}} increased levels of hCG
Published	12/13/2024	A(n) {{c1::partial}} hydatidiform mole is associated with {{c2::mildly}} increased levels of hCG
Published	12/13/2024	In a(n) {{c1::partial}} hydatidiform mole, only some villi are hydropic, and there is only partial trophoblastic proliferation around the vili
Published	12/13/2024	Choriocarcinoma that arises as a(n) {{c1::spontaneous germ cell tumor}} has a(n) {{c2::poor}} response to chemotherapy
Published	12/13/2024	Choriocarcinoma that arises from {{c1::gestation}} has a(n) {{c2::very good}} response to chemotherapy
Published	12/13/2024	What pregnancy complication is associated with painless third trimester bleeding without fetal bradycardia? {{c1::Placenta previa}}
Published	12/13/2024	What is the most common cause of postpartum hemorrhage?{{c1::Uterine atony}}
Published	12/13/2024	Polycystic ovarian syndrome is a condition characterized by at least 2/3 of the following criteria:- clinical signs of {{c1::hyperandrogenism}}- {{c3:…
Published	12/13/2024	The key microscopic features of ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma are:1. {{c1::Branching papillary pattern with slit-like fenestrations}}.2. {{…
Published	12/13/2024	What is the most useful IHC marker for ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma?
Published	12/13/2024	What key feature does the black box depict for ovarian high grade serous carcinoma?
Published	12/13/2024	What key feature does the black box depict for ovarian high grade serous carcinoma?
Published	12/13/2024	What is the key feature shown for this case of malignant mixed Mullerian tumor (MMMT)?
Published	12/13/2024	What is the key feature shown for this case of malignant mixed Mullerian tumor (MMMT)?
Published	12/13/2024	The key features for a malignant mixed Mullerian tumor (MMMT) are?1. {{c1::Biphasic tumor with both carcinomatous and sarcomatous elements}}.2.&n…
Published	12/13/2024	What is the key feature shown for this case of molluscum contagiosum?
Published	12/13/2024	The key microscopic features for molluscum contagiosum are:.1. {{c1::Cup-shaped lesion- endophytic}}.2. {{c2::Lobulated epidermal hyperplasia}}.3. {{c…
Published	12/13/2024	What is the key microscopic feature shown for this case of molluscum contagiosum?
Published	12/13/2024	What features suggestive of an atypical/symplastic leiomyoma rather than a leiomyosarcoma?1. {{c1::No coagulative necrosis}}.2. {{c2::Minimal mit…
Published	12/13/2024	What is the most likely diagnosis for the following microscopic findings for an endocervical lesion?
Published	12/13/2024	What is most likely diagnosis based on the following cervical histology?
Published	12/13/2024	The key features of high-grade sqaumous intraepithelial neoplasia of the cervix are:1. {{c1::Dysplasia of lower 2/3r-full thickness of squamous epithe…
Published	12/13/2024	What key microscopic feature of a ovarian Brenner tumor is shown?
Published	12/13/2024	What key microscopic feature of an ovarian Brenner tumor is shown?
Published	12/13/2024	Key microscopic features of an ovarian Brenner tumor include:1. {{c1::Urothelial cell nests with frequent microcysts within nests}}.2. {{c2::Dense fib…
Published	12/13/2024	The pertinent positive and negative immunostatins for an ovarian Brenner tumor are?- Positive: {{c1::CK7}}, {{c2::uroplakin}}.- Negative: {{c3::CK20}}…
Published	12/13/2024	What is the most likely diagnosis for the ovarian histology seen below?
Published	12/13/2024	The key microscopic features of an ovarian mucinous carcinoma are:1. {{c1::Complex glandular pattern with abundant mucus production}}.2. {{c2::Branchi…
Published	12/13/2024	Key microscopic features of an ovarian dysgerminoma are?1. {{c1::Sheets/nests/trabeculae of cells separated by fibrotic stroma}}.2. {{c2::Numerous lym…
Published	12/13/2024	What is the most likely diagnosis for the following histological findings for a solid ovarian tumor?
Published	12/13/2024	The 4 major categories of ovarian tumors are:1. {{c1::Germ cell}}.2. {{c2::Epithelial/surface}}.3. {{c3::Sex cord-stromal}}.4. {{c4::Metastasis}}.
Published	12/13/2024	What are the 5 main ovarian germ cell tumors?1. {{c1::Dysgerminoma}}.2. {{c2::Choriocarcinoma}}.3. {{c3::Yolk sac}}.4. {{c4::Embryonal}}.5. {{c5::Tera…
Published	12/13/2024	What are the 5 main ovarian epithelial/surface tumors?1. {{c1::Serous}}.2. {{c2::Mucinous}}.3. {{c3::Clear cell}}.4. {{c4::Endometrioid}}.5.…
Published	12/13/2024	{{c1::Colon}} is the most common origin for metastatic tumors to the ovary.
Published	12/13/2024	The relationship between the 5 epithelial ovarian neoplasms with malignancy is:1. Rarely -> {{c1::mucinous (~5%), Brenner (~5%)}}.2. Possibily -&gt…
Published	12/13/2024	Low-grade serous carcinomas of the ovary typically have mutations in the {{c1::KRAS}}, {{c2::BRAF}}, or {{c3::ERBB2}} oncogenes, b…
Published	12/13/2024	The histological phases of endometrium should be classified as either:1. {{c1::Atrophic}}.2. {{c2::Inactive}}.3. {{c3::Proliferative}}.4. {{c4::Secret…
Published	12/13/2024	What is the most likely classification of endometrium?
Published	12/13/2024	What is the most likely classification of endometrium?
Published	12/13/2024	Features of a benign endometrial polyp include (numbers do not correspond to image):1. {{c1::Fibrotic, pink stroma with bland spindled cells}}.2. {{c2…
Published	12/13/2024	What is the most likely diagnosis for the following endometrial tissue?
Published	12/13/2024	Histologic features of {{c1::chronic endometritis}} include:1. {{c2::Bland spindle cells with swirling basophilic stroma}}.2. {{c3::Plasma c…
Published	12/13/2024	A ratio of endometrial {{c2::gands-to-stroma}} ratio {{c3::>2:1}} without {{c4::atypia}} is suggestive of {{c1::endom…
Published	12/13/2024	What is the most likely diagnosis for the endometrial tissue shown?
Published	12/13/2024	Morphological features of endometrial carcinoma are:Type 1 -> {{c1::endometriod}}.Type 2 -> {{c2::serous}}, {{c3::clear cell}}, {{c4::…
Published	12/13/2024	{{c1::Type I endometrial carcinoma}} MOST COMMONLY occurs due to a genetic mutation sequence that increases signaling in the {{c2::PI3K/AKT}…
Published	12/13/2024	Most likely gross diagnosis for a hysterectomy specimen?
Published	12/13/2024	What diagnosis should be strongly considered for a gross uterus specimen showing the following?
Published	12/13/2024	Does a leiomyosarcoma typically arise from a leiomyoma?
Published	12/13/2024	Productive, persistent HPV infections requires viral entry to {{c1::immature, basal epithelial}} cells.
Published	12/13/2024	Histological morphologies for type {{c1::I}} endometrial carcinoma}} are:1. {{c2::Endometroid}}.
Published	12/13/2024	Histological morphologies for type II endometrial carcinoma are:1. {{c2::Serous}}.2. {{c2::Mucinous}}.3. {{c2::Mixed mullerian}}.
Published	12/13/2024	What is the general precursor lesion to type I endometrial carcinoma?{{c1::Hyperplasia}}.
Published	12/13/2024	What is the general precursor lesion to type II endometrial carcinoma?{{c1::Serous endometrial intraepithelial carcinoma}}.
Published	12/13/2024	What is the clinical setting typical for type I endometrial carcinoma?1. {{c1::Unopposed estrogen}}.2. {{c2::Obesity, hypertension, diabetes}}.
Published	12/13/2024	What is the clinical setting typical for type II endometrial carcinoma?1. {{c1::Atrophy}}.2. {{c2::Thin physique}}.
Published	12/13/2024	The 4 major molecular subtypes of {{c1::endometroid}} and {{c2::serous}} endometrial carcinomas are:1. {{c3::Ultramutated POLE}}.2…
Published	12/13/2024	What special testing should be performed on ALL endometrial carcinoma specimens?{{c1::Mismatch repair (MMR)/microsatellite instability (MSI) IHC:1. ML…
Published	12/13/2024	The FIGO grading system for {{c1::endometrial carcinomas}} are:{{c2::1. Grade 1 = 5% or less non-squamous solid growth pattern.2. Grade 2 = 6% to…
Published	12/13/2024	Common ovarian sex-cord stromal tumors include:1. {{c1::Fibromas}}.2. {{c2::Fibrothecomas}}.3. {{c3::Granulosa cell tumors}}.4. {{c4::Thecomas}}.5. {{…
Published	12/13/2024	What is the most likely diagnosis for the following vulva biopsy?
Published	12/13/2024	The FIGO grade for {{c1::endometrioid}} and {{c2::mucinous}} carcinomas include:{{c3::FIGO grade 1 = <5% solid nonglandular, nonsquamous growth.FIG…
Published	12/13/2024	The {{c1::Chemotherapy Response Score}} in the CAP ovarian resection protocol is a validated hisopathological assessment for {{c2::high-grade serous c…
Published	12/13/2024	Peritoneal/ascitic fluid should be reported for a serous ovarian pathology as either:1. {{c1::Non-diagnostic}}.2. {{c2::Negative for malignancy}}.3. {…
Published	12/13/2024	{{c1::Immature teratomas}} are the only malignant germ cell tumor that is graded based on the {{c2::immature neural component}} as:{{c3::1. Grade 1 (l…
Published	12/13/2024	The potential primary site(s) of origin for ovarian high grade serious carcinomas include:1. {{c1::Fallopian tube}}.2. {{c2::Ovarian}}.3. {{c3::Perito…
Published	12/13/2024	The site of origin for a tubo-ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma should be designated {{c1::peritoneal}} when:1. {{c2::No gross or microsco…
Published	12/13/2024	The site of origin for a tubo-ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma should be designated {{c1::ovarian}} when:1. {{c2::Both fallopia…
Published	12/13/2024	The site of origin for a tubo-ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma should be designated {{c1::fallopian tube}} when: 1. {{c2::Ser…
Published	12/13/2024	Features that favor metastases to the ovary, rather than primary ovarian tumor site, include:1. {{c1::Multiple nodules}}.2. {{c2::Surface implants}}. …
Published	12/13/2024	"Implants" for ovarian tumors are only used for {{c1::serous borderline}} and {{c2::seromucinous borderline}} tumors.
Published	12/13/2024	Common molecular mutations associated with ovarian low-grade serous carcinoma are: 1. {{c1::BRAF}}.2. {{c2::KRAS}}.3. {{c3::HER2}}.
Published	12/13/2024	Common molecular mutations associated with ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma are: 1. {{c1::BRCA1}}.2. {{c2::BRCA2}}.3. {{c3::P53}}.
Published	12/13/2024	What is the most likely diagnosis for this vulvar lesion?
Published	12/13/2024	What are the key microscopic features of vulvar lichen sclerosis?1. {{c1::Thin epidermis with disappearence of rete ridges}}.2. {{c2::Hydropic de…
Published	12/13/2024	What is the most likely diagnosis of this vulvar lesion?
Published	12/13/2024	What are the the malignant primary conditions of the cervix and there approximate frequency?1. {{c1::Sqaumous cell carcinoma (80%)}}.2. {{c2::Adenocar…
Published	12/13/2024	Why do non-squamous cell carinomas/non-adenocarcinomas of the cervix have a less favorable prognosis?{{c1::Not as well detected by Pap smears -> pr…
Published	12/13/2024	What cell type of the female genital tract is most sensitive to HPV infection?{{c1::Immature basal cells of the cervical stratified squamous epitheliu…
Published	12/13/2024	HPV encoded {{c1::E6}} induces rapid degredation of {{c2::p53}} via ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis.
Published	12/13/2024	HPV encoded {{c1::E7}} induces rapid degredation of {{c2::RB}} via proteosome pathway.
Published	12/13/2024	Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia lesions are classifed based on:{{c1::- LSIL -> atypical squamous cells confined to <1/3 of the basal epitheli…
Published	12/13/2024	The {{c1::proliferative}} phase of a classic menstrual cycle includes days {{c2::4-14}}.
Published	12/13/2024	The {{c1::menstrual}} phase of a classic menstrual cycle includes days {{c2::1-4}}.
Published	12/13/2024	The {{c1::late secretory}} phase of a classic menstrual cycle includes days {{c2::23-28}}.
Published	12/13/2024	The {{c1::early secretory}} phase of a classic menstrual cycle includes days {{c2::17-19}}.
Published	12/13/2024	The {{c1::mid-secretory}} phase of a classic menstrual cycle includes days {{c2::20-22}}.
Published	12/13/2024	What endometrial change is shown?{{c1::Decidualization (caused by increased progestin from OCPs, pregnancy).}}
Published	12/13/2024	{{c1::Adenomyosis}} is endometrial glands and stroma in the {{c2::myometrium}}.
Published	12/13/2024	{{c1::Endometriosis}} is endometrial glands and stroma {{c2::outside the uterus}}.
Published	12/13/2024	What dysfunctional endometrial finding is shown?{{c1::Glandular and stromal breakdown.Tight aggregates of collapsed and condense stroma. Appear very d…
Published	12/13/2024	What special investigations should be performed with all cases of granulomatous endometritis?1. {{c1::TB special stains}}.2. {{c1::Fungal special stai…
Published	12/13/2024	What is the most likely diagnosis of this endometrial specimen?{{c1::Xanthogranulomatous endometritis.Sheets of macrophages with foamy cytoplasm, lymp…
Published	12/13/2024	Reflex IHC testing for new diagnoses of endmetrial cancer includes:1. {{c1::MMR (PMS2, MSH6)}}.2. {{c2::p53}}.3. {{c3::ER}}.
Published	12/13/2024	Reflex IHC testing for new diagnoses of {{c4::endometriod}} and {{c5::clear cell}} ovarian cancers includes:1. {{c3::MMR}}.
Published	12/13/2024	Reflex IHC testing for new diagnoses of vulvar/vaginal squamous cell carcinoma includes:1. {{c1::p16}}.2. {{c2::p53}}.
Published	12/13/2024	Ovarian/fallopian tube/peritoneal {{c1::high-grade serous carcinoma}} should have {{c2::BRCA}} molecular testing.
Published	12/13/2024	Reflex {{c1::POLE}} molecular testing for endometrial carcinoma should be performed at the time of {{c2::hysterectomy}} if:- {{c3:…
Published	12/13/2024	All cancers with {{c1::MLH1}} and {{c1::PMS2}} loss by IHC should have {{c2::MLH1 promoter hypermethylation}} testing pe…
Published	12/13/2024	What are the histologic subtypes of endometrial carcinomas?1. {{c1::Endometrioid carcinoma}}.2. {{c2::Serous carcinoma}}.3. {{c3::Clear cell carcinoma…
Published	12/13/2024	What diagnosis should be used for a case that is equivocal between a {{c1::leiomyoma}} and {{c2::leiomyosarcoma}}?{{c3::Stromal tumor o…
Published	12/13/2024	What are the common squamous lesions/findings of the cervix?1. {{c1::Squamous metaplasia (metaplasia of glandular endocervical epithelium)}}.2. {{c2::…
Published	12/13/2024	What is the finding on cervical histology? {{c1::Tunnel clusters (cluster of endocervical glands)}}.Benign or malignant? {{c2::Benign}}.
Published	12/13/2024	The most common type of endocervical adenocarcinoma is {{c1::adenocarcinoma, usual type}} (~{{c2::90}}%).
Published	12/13/2024	The prognosis of endocervical adenocarcinoma gastric type is {{c1::notably worse}} than endocervical adenocarcinoma usual type.
Published	12/13/2024	What type of endocervical cancer is shown (include subtype)?{{c1::Endocervical adenocarcinoma, gastric-type}}.
Published	12/13/2024	What type of endocervical cancer is shown (include subtype)?{{c1::Endocervical adenocarcinoma, gastric-type}}.
Published	12/13/2024	What IHC stains can help distinguish endocervical adenocarcinoma subtypes of usual- vs gastric-type?1. {{c1::p53 -> WT vs mutated}}.2. {{c2::p16 -&…
Published	12/13/2024	What type of endocervical cancer is shown (include subtype)?{{c1::Endocervical mucinous carcinoma}}.
Published	12/13/2024	Dilation and curettage of the endometrium shows the following histology. What is the most likely diagnosis?{{c1::Complete hydratiform mole}}.
Published	12/13/2024	What are the key microscopic features of a complete hydratiform mole?1. {{c1::Hydropic villous enlargment}}.2. {{c2::Cistern formation (central acellu…
Published	12/13/2024	What key microscopic feature of a complete hydratiform mole is shown?{{c1::Hydropic villous enlargement}}.
Published	12/13/2024	What key microscopic feature of a complete hydratiform mole is shown?{{c1::Trophoblastic hyperplasia}}.
Published	12/13/2024	What key microscopic feature of a complete hydratiform mole is shown?{{c1::Cistern formation (central acellular villous space)}}.
Published	12/13/2024	Histology of an ovary shows the following. What is the most likely diagnosis?{{c1::Struma ovarri}}.
Published	12/13/2024	IHC staining of adult granulosa cell tumors are generally shows {{c2::positivity}} for:1. {{c1::FOXL2}}.2. {{c3::SF1}}.3. {{c4::Inhibin A}}.…
Published	12/13/2024	What is the most likely diagnosis for a vulvar lesion with the following histology?{{c1::Angiomyxoma}}.
Published	12/13/2024	Assuming this image is representative of the entire ovarian specimen, what is the most likely diagnosis?{{c1::Mucinous borderline tumor, intestinal-ty…
Published	12/13/2024	What is a key differential and the appropriate IHC stains for the following vulvar lesion?- {{c1::Melanoma -> SOX10, S100, Melan A}}…
Published	12/13/2024	What seperates ovarian borderline vs malignant tumors?1. {{c1::High-grade cytology}}.2. {{c2::Invasion}}.
Published	12/13/2024	What are the pT staging categories for uterine carinomas and carcinosarcomas?- {{c2::pT1a}} -> {{c1::tumor invading half myometrium}}.- {{c2::pT1b}…
Published	12/13/2024	For endometrial endometrioid and mucinous carcinomas, severe cytologic atypia in the majority of cells (~{{c1::>50%}}), increases the tumor grade b…
Published	12/13/2024	The prognosis for molecular subtypes of endometrial carcinoma are:- {{c1::POLEmut}} = {{c2::favorable}}.- {{c1::MMRd}} = {{c2::intermediate}}.- {{c1::…
Published	12/13/2024	The best IHC stains to screen endometrial specimens for MMRd are:1. {{c1::MSH6}}.2. {{c1::PMS2}}.
Published	12/13/2024	What are the pN staging categories for uterine carinomas and carcinosarcomas?- {{c2::pN1}} -> {{c1::regional pelvic lymph node mets}…
Published	12/13/2024	Endometrial resection.Most likely diagnosis?{{c1::Low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma}}.
Published	12/13/2024	Key positive immunohistochemistry stains for a endometrial stromal sarcoma include:1. {{c1::CD10}}.2. {{c2::ER}}.3. {{c2::PR}}.
Published	12/13/2024	Key microscopic features of an endometrial stromal sarcoma include:1. Malignant cells resembling {{c1::proliferative endometrial stroma}} with in…
Published	12/13/2024	Hysterectomy gross specimen.Most likely diagnosis?{{c1::Stromal endometrial sarcoma ("bag of worms" appearence)}}.
Published	12/13/2024	Hysterectomy resection specimen.Most likely diagnosis?{{c1::Leiomyosarcoma (variegated cut surface)}}.
Published	12/13/2024	Hysterectomy in post-menopausal woman for abnomal uterine bleeding.Most likely diagnosis?{{c1::Clear cell carcinoma}}.
Published	12/13/2024	For cases of presumed extramammary Pagets disease it is important to to rule out pagetoid spread of {{c1::urothelial carcinoma}}, {{c2::gastrointestin…
Published	12/13/2024	Uterine resection.Most likey diagnosis?{{c1::PEComa}}.
Published	12/13/2024	Key microscopic features of a PEComa include:1. {{c1::Mesenchymal}} tumor 2. {{c2::Epithelioid}}/{{c2::spindle}} cells with {{c3::clear}} to {{c3…
Published	12/13/2024	Immunohistochemistry stains that support the diagnosis of a PEComa include:1. {{c1::Melan-A}}.2. {{c1::HMB-45}}.3. Variable {{c1::smooth muscle}} mark…
Published	12/13/2024	If {{c1::>=3}} (number) of the following features are present a PEComa should be considered malignant:1. {{c2::Size ≥5cm}}. 2. {{c3::High-grad…
Published	12/13/2024	Some PEComas have {{c1::TFE3 fusions}} (molecular description).
Published	12/13/2024	Uterine resection.Most likely diagnosis?{{c1::Mesonephric carcinoma}}.
Published	12/13/2024	Key microscopic features of mesonephric carcinomas include:1. {{c1::Variable}} architectural patterns {{c1::(e.g. papillay, ductal, glandular, retifor…
Published	12/13/2024	Immunohistochemistry findings that support the diagnosis of a mesonephric carcinoma include:1. Positive: {{c1::GATA3}}, {{c1::TTF-1}}.2. Negative: {{c…
Published	12/13/2024	Mesonephric carcinomas have a {{c1::KRAS mutation}} with {{c1::gain of 1q}} (molecular description).
Published	12/13/2024	An adenomatoid tumor is a {{c2::benign}} tumor of {{c3::mesothelial}} origin that is associated with {{c1::TRAF7 missense mut…
Published	12/13/2024	Ovarian serous borderline tumors typically occur in {{c1::middle}}-aged women.
Published	12/13/2024	Ovarian serous borderline tumors grossly appear as {{c2::cystic}} {{c3::papillary}} proliferations ("{{c1::cauliflower}}"-like).&n…
Published	12/13/2024	Ovarian serous borderline tumors are associated with the following genetic alerations:1. {{c1::KRAS mutations}}.2. {{c2::BRAF mutations}}.
Published	12/13/2024	The key immunohistochemistry findings for an ovarian serous borderline tumor are:1. ER/PR: {{c1::positive}}.2. WT1: {{c1::positive}}.3. PAX8: {{c1::po…
Published	12/13/2024	For a diagnosis of {{c3::ovarian serous borderline tumors}} over {{c4::serous cystadenoma/fibroma with focal epithelial proliferation}}…
Published	12/13/2024	The most common vulvar malignancy is {{c1::squamous cell carcinoma}}.
Published	12/13/2024	{{c4::Differentiated}}-type vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia is a {{c5::human papillomoavirus}}-negative {{c6::squamous cell}} dysplasi…
Published	12/13/2024	{{c1::Differentiated-type}} vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia will have immunohistochemistry findings of:1. p16: {{c2::negative (non-block positiv…
Published	12/13/2024	Differentiated-type vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia has a {{c1::higher risk/quicker progression}} to invasive squamous cell carci…
Published	12/13/2024	Key microscopic features of differentiated-type vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia include: 1. {{c1::Basal cell}} atypia with nuclear {{c2::hy…
Published	12/13/2024	Key microscopic features of vulvar {{c1::lichen simplex chronicus}} include:1. {{c2::Hyperkeratosis}} +/- {{c3::parakeratosis}}.2. Hyper-{{c…
Published	12/13/2024	Vulvar {{c2::lichen simplex chronicus}} is a non-specific tissue response to {{c1::chronic rubbing/scratching}}
Published	12/13/2024	Vulvar lichen simplex chronicus can be secondary to another disorder such as {{c1::Candida infection}}, {{c2::contact dermatitis}},&nbs…
Published	12/13/2024	Suspected vulvar lichen simplex chronicus with neutrophils in the stratum corneum.What should be ruled out?{{c1::Candida infection}}.
Published	12/13/2024	Suspected vulvar lichen simplex chronicus with pronounced spongiosis.What should be considered?{{c1::Contact dermatitis}}.
Published	12/13/2024	Vulvar lichen sclerosus is an {{c1::autoimmune}} condition that most commonly occurs in {{c2::elderly}}/{{c3::post}}-menopasual women.
Published	12/13/2024	Vulvar lichen sclerosus is clinically characterized by {{c1::white}}-to-{{c2::red}} {{c3::placques}} with {{c6::wrinkling}}&n…
Published	12/13/2024	Low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma are most frequently associated with molecular alteration involving {{c1::JAZF1-SUZ12 ("Jazzy Suzie")}}…
Published	12/13/2024	Immunohistochemistry staining for endometrial stromal tumors will show: - {{c1::Low grade}}/{{c1::normal endometrium}}: positive {{c2::CD10}}, {{…
Published	12/13/2024	{{c1::Leiomyomas}} are the most common uterine tumor.
Published	12/13/2024	Uterine carcinosarcomas are often associated with molecular alterations involving {{c1::TP53 mutations}}.
Published	12/13/2024	Metastasis to the ovary most commonly come from either:1. {{c1::Gastrointestinal (most common)}}.2. {{c2::Breast (second most common)}}.
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