Notes in 04 Cardiac MRI

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Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Cardiac MRICardiac MRI provides high-resolution dynamic imaging of the heart using different pulse sequences.{{c1::Spin echo (SE)}} h…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Cardiac MRICardiac MRI provides high-resolution dynamic imaging of the heart using different pulse sequences.{{c1::Spoiled gradient r…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Cardiac MRICardiac MRI provides high-resolution dynamic imaging of the heart using different pulse sequences.{{c1::Balanced steady-st…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Cardiac MRICardiac MRI provides high-resolution dynamic imaging of the heart using different pulse sequences.ECG-triggered segmented …
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Cardiac MRICardiac MRI provides high-resolution dynamic imaging of the heart using different pulse sequences.{{c1::Inversion recovery…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Cardiac MRISequence: {{c1::Steady-state free precession (SSFP)}}
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Cardiac MRI{{c3::Double}} Inversion recovery (IR) is used with {{c1::fast}} SE sequence as a {{c2::dark-blood}} technique where …
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Cardiac MRI{{c1::Triple}} Inversion Recovery is a dark-blood technique with an additional IR pulse for {{c2::fat suppression}}.
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Cardiac MRI{{c1::Phase-sensitive inversion recovery (PSIR)}} is a version of IR that acquires a reference {{c2::phase}} image in the …
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Cardiac MRIThe phase information in {{c1::Phase-sensitive inversion recovery (PSIR)}} is used to calculate the absolute differences i…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Cardiac MRIWhat MRI sequence is this? {{c1::Double & Triple inversion recovery}}Red arrow: {{c1::suppression of fat in the i…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Cardiac MRISequence type? {{c1::Phase-sensitive inversion recovery (PSIR)}}
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Cardiac MRI{{c1::First-pass}} contrast-enhanced perfusion MRI is performed pre- and post-{{c2::vasodilator}} stress to evaluate myoca…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Cardiac MRIIn First-pass contrast-enhanced perfusion MRI, normal myocardium enhances {{c1::homogeneously}}, while areas of decreased …
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Cardiac MRIIn first-pass contrast-enhanced perfusion MRI, cardiac masses, malignant masses generally have {{c1::more avid}} first pas…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Cardiac MRIDelayed contrast-enhanced MRI (DE-MR) is performed using a T1W {{c1::single inversion recovery gradient echo}} or {{c1::SS…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Cardiac MRIIn delayed contrast-enhanced MRI (DE-MR), any late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) is {{c1::abnormal}} and represents a delay…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Cardiac MRIIn delayed contrast-enhanced MRI (DE-MR), any late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) is abnormal and represents a delay in wash…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Cardiac MRILate cardiac gadolinium enhancement is caused by {{c1::interstitial fibrosis}} due to cell death. It can also occur d…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Cardiac MRI{{c1::Phase contrast imaging, also called velocity encoded gradient echo imaging (VENC),}} measures blood flow perpendicul…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Cardiac MRIIn cardiac {{c1::phase contrast}} imaging, a cine is produced throughout the cardiac cycle. Flow in opposite direction app…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Cardiac MRIIn cardiac phase contrast imaging, flow in opposite direction appears black; forward flow appears white. Stationary tissue…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Cardiac MRIIn Phase contrast imaging, the velocity encoded gradient echo imaging has to be prescribed to interrogate a…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Cardiac MRISequence type: {{c1::Phase contrast imaging, also called velocity encoded gradient echo imaging (VENC)}}Findings:&nbs…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Cardiac MRIMyocardial {{c1::tagging::MRI technique}} allows assessment of {{c2::myocardial wall motion and strain}}.
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Cardiac MRIMyocardial tagging: {{c1::RF}} pulses are applied as tag lines in the image. {{c2::Grid}} tags can be applied for myo…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Cardiac MRIMyocardial tagging: RF pulses are applied as tag lines in the image. Grid tags can be applied for myocardial strain a…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Cardiac MRIMRI Technique: {{c2::Myocardial Tagging}}Yellow arrows: {{c1::Gridlines contracting during systole}}Red arrow: {{c1::Gridl…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Cardiac MRIIn cardiac MRI, reconstruction axes are created from the 3 plane localizer images, and are drawn into {{c1::short axis (SA…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Cardiac MRIIn cardiac MRI: {{c1::Short axis}} plane is perpendicular to the true long axis of the {{c2::LV}}, a line drawn from …
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Cardiac MRIIn cardiac MRI:{{c1::2CH or vertical long}} axis is the vertical plane orthogonal to the short axis plane and is used to a…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Cardiac MRIIn cardiac MRI:{{c1::3CH or LV outflow}} view is useful for assessing the LVOT, left atrium, {{c2::mitral}} valve, {{c2::a…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Cardiac MRIIn cardiac MRI:{{c1::4CH or horizontal long}} axis is perpendicular to the short axis and cuts through the widest part of …
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Cardiac MRIIn cardiac MRI:{{c1::Oblique sagittal}} plane is parallel to the {{c2::aorta}} (candy-cane view).
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Cardiac MRIView? {{c1::2CH or vertical long axis}}
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Cardiac MRIView? {{c1::3CH or LV outflow view}}
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Cardiac MRIView? {{c1::4CH or horizontal long axis}}
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Cardiac MRIView? {{c1::Short axis plane}}
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Cardiac MRIDelayed enhancement (late gadolinium enhancement, LGE) post infarction will extend {{c1::from the subendocardium to the ep…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Cardiac MRISince the {{c1::endocardium}} is the most susceptible to ischemia, ischemic-type LGE will always involve the {{c1::subendo…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Cardiac MRIAfter remodeling, a chronic infarct {{c1::will::will/will not}} demonstrate late gadolinium enhancement
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Cardiac MRICircumferential {{c1::subendocardial}} late gadolinium enhancement is a rare finding in chronic {{c2::cocaine users}}&nbsp…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Cardiac MRIFindings: {{c1::Diffuse subendocardial LGE (arrow) that involves every segment of the LV. The LV is severely dilated.…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Cardiac MRIIschemic-type LGE may involve the endocardium only or may be {{c1::transmural}}.
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Cardiac MRITransmural LGE represents {{c1::nonviable scar}} from prior transmural infarct.
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Cardiac MRICine MR images usually demonstrate {{c1::hypokinesis}} in the region of abnormal ischemic-type LGE (transmural or subendoc…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Cardiac MRIFindings: {{c1::Transmural LGE (arrows) of the inferior wall of the left ventricle}}Diagnosis: {{c1::Transmural infarction…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Cardiac MRIDelayed late gadolinium enhancement {{c1::not following a vascular territory::territory}} is not due to ischemia. Sev…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Cardiac MRIDDX for delayed mesocardial enhancement in a non-vascular territory includes: 1.) {{c1::Dilated}} cardiomyo…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Cardiac MRI{{c1::Sarcoidosis}} is a systemic granulomatous disease with cardiac manifestations of arrhythmias, {{c2::left ventricular…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Cardiac MRI{{c1::Chagas disease}} is caused by the protozoan {{c2::Trypanosoma cruzi}}, and can lead to cardiomyopathy. It is a rare …
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Cardiac MRICardiac MRI of {{c3::Chagas disease}} typically demonstrates {{c1::epicardial}} or {{c1::mesocardial}} LGE involving the {…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Cardiac MRICardiac MRI of {{c1::hypertrophic cardiomyopathy}} shows {{c2::mesocardial}} LGE, particularly at the {{c3::RV septal atta…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Cardiac MRI{{c1::Myocarditis}} is inflammation of the myocardium, which may be secondary to multiple causes. {{c2::Viral infection}} …
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Cardiac MRI{{c3::Myocarditis}} on cardiac MRI typically demonstrates {{c1::subepicardial}} LGE as well as {{c2::wall motion abnormali…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Cardiac MRISarcoidosis may cause either {{c1::mesocardial}} or {{c1::subepicardial}} LGE in a nodular or patchy pattern.
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Cardiac MRIChagas disease may cause {{c1::epicardial}} or {{c1::mesocardial}} LGE.
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Cardiac MRIFindings: {{c1::subepicardial LGE (arrows) in the inferior left ventricular wall. The LV is mildly dilated.}}Dx (assu…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Cardiac MRIFindings: {{c1::multifocal LGE (arrows) with all patterns}}Dx: {{c1::Sarcoidosis}}
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Cardiac MRIDDx of Circumferential subendocardial delayed enhancement: 1.) {{c1::Amyloidosis::biventricular myocardial …
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Cardiac MRI{{c1::Amyloidosis}} is a systemic disorder of glycoprotein deposition throughout the extracellular spaces. In the hea…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Cardiac MRICardiac {{c1::transplant}} patients may demonstrate {{c2::circumferential}} {{c2::subendocardial}} LGE, thought to correla…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Cardiac MRI{{c1::Hypereosinophilic syndrome}} is a systemic disorder characterized by eosinophilic infiltration of multiple organs.&n…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Cardiac MRI1.) General cause? {{c1::Ischemia}}
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Cardiac MRI2.) Region/Diagnosis? {{c1::Subendocardial infarct}}
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Cardiac MRI3.) Region/Diagnosis? {{c1::Transmural infarct}}
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Cardiac MRI4.) Region? {{c1::Circumferential subendocardial}}
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Cardiac MRI7.) Dx? {{c1::Chronic cocaine use}}
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Cardiac MRI8.) Region? {{c1::Mesocardial}}
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Cardiac MRI9.) Region? {{c1::Subepicardial}}
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Cardiac MRI10.) Region? {{c1::Circumferential subendocardial}}
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Cardiac MRI11.) Region? {{c1::Transmural}}
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Cardiac MRI12.) DDx? {{c1::Dilated cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, sarcoidosis, chagas::4}}
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Cardiac MRI13.) DDx? {{c1::Myocarditis, sarcoidosis, chagas::3}}
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Cardiac MRI14.) DDx? {{c1::Amyloidosis, systemic sclerosis,cardiac transplantation, hypereosinophillic syndrome::4}}
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Cardiac MRI15.) DDx? {{c1::Severe myocarditis, sarcoidosis::2}}
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Cardiac MRI16.) DDx? {{c1::Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, RV pressure overload (pulmonary HTN)::2}}
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