Notes in 04 Tubular and Interstitial Diseases

To Subscribe, use this Key

Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	10/04/2023	{{c2::Central}} diabetes insipidus is caused by failure of the posterior pituitary to secrete {{c1::ADH}}
Published	10/04/2023	In {{c1::nephrogenic diabetes insipidus}}, the principal cells of the collecting duct are unresponsive to {{c2::ADH}} due to a defect in the V2 recept…
Published	10/04/2023	Which type of diabetes insipidus is characterized by a lack of response to the ADH secreted by the posterior pituitary?{{c1::Nephrogenic diabetes insi…
Published	10/04/2023	{{c1::Central}} diabetes insipidus is characterized by polyuria and polydipsia with an inability to {{c3::concentrate}} urine due to {{c2::lack of ADH…
Published	10/04/2023	{{c1::Nephrogenic}} diabetes insipidus is characterized by polyuria and polydipsia with an inability to {{c3::concentrate}} urine due to {{c2::lack of…
Published	10/04/2023	{{c2::Nephrogenic}} diabetes insipidus is often caused by {{c1::ADH receptor}} mutations
Published	10/04/2023	{{c1::Nephrogenic}} diabetes insipidus may be caused by drugs such as {{c2::lithium}} and {{c3::demeclocycline}}
Published	10/04/2023	Both central and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus are characterized by urine specific gravity < {{c1::1.006}}
Published	10/04/2023	Both central and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus are characterized by {{c1::low}} urine osmolality
Published	10/04/2023	Both central and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus are characterized by serum osmolality {{c1::>}} 290 mOsm/kg
Published	10/04/2023	Central diabetes insipidus is characterized by {{c1::low}} levels of ADH
Published	10/04/2023	Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is characterized by {{c1::normal}} or {{c1::elevated}} levels of ADH
Published	10/04/2023	Treatment for nephrogenic diabetes insipidus includes hydration and {{c1::HCTZ}}, which is a thiazide diuretic
Published	10/04/2023	What anti-psychotic drug is a common cause of drug-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?{{c1::Lithium}}
Published	10/04/2023	{{c1::Hypo}}-osmotic urine is produced when the circulating levels of ADH are {{c2::low}}
Published	10/04/2023	{{c1::Acute interstitial nephritis}} is a drug-induced {{c2::hypersensitivity}} reaction involving the interstitium and tubules of the kidney
Published	10/04/2023	Acute interstitial nephritis is characterized histologically by {{c1::inflammatory infiltrate}} in the connective tissue between renal tubules
Published	10/04/2023	Acute interstitial nephritis may present with {{c1::fever}} and {{c1::rash}}, days to weeks after starting a drug
Published	10/04/2023	Acute interstitial nephritis is associated with {{c2::hemat}}-uria and pyuria (classically {{c1::eosinophils}})
Published	10/04/2023	What physical exam finding may be associated with acute interstitial nephritis? {{c1::CVA tenderness}}
Published	10/04/2023	Drugs that cause acute {{c6::interstitial nephritis}} may be remembered with the 5 "P's" {{c1::Pee (diuretics)}} {{c2::Pain-free (NSAIDs)}} {{c3::Peni…
Published	10/04/2023	What is the treatment for drug-induced acute interstitial nephritis? {{c1::Cessation of the drug}}
Published	10/04/2023	Acute interstitial nephritis is less commonly secondary to systemic {{c1::infections}} (e.g. mycoplasma)
Published	10/04/2023	Acute interstitial nephritis is less commonly secondary to {{c1::autoimmune}} diseases (e.g. Sjögren's syndrome, SLE, sarcoidosis)
Published	10/04/2023	Acute interstitial nephritis may progress to renal {{c1::papillary}} necrosis
Published	10/04/2023	Renal papillary necrosis may be caused by {{c1::sickle cell}} disease or trait
Published	10/04/2023	One risk factor for pyelonephritis is {{c1::vesicoureteral}} reflux
Published	10/04/2023	Chronic pyelonephritis typically requires predisposition to infection, such as {{c1::vesicoureteral reflux}} (children) or {{c2::obstruction}}
Published	10/04/2023	Chronic pyelonephritis with scarring at the upper and lower poles is characteristic of {{c1::vesicoureteral reflux}}
Published	10/04/2023	{{c1::Fanconi}} syndrome is a renal tubular defect characterized by a generalized reabsorptive defect in the {{c2::PCT::location}} of the nephron
Published	10/04/2023	Which renal tubular defect is associated with increased excretion of nearly all amino acids, glucose, HCO3-, and PO43- and all substances reabsorbed …
Published	10/04/2023	What acid-base disorder may be seen with Fanconi syndrome? {{c1::Metabolic acidosis}}
Published	10/04/2023	Which type of renal tubular acidosis may be caused by Fanconi syndrome? {{c1::Type 2 (proximal renal tubular acidosis)}}
Published	10/04/2023	Which renal tubular defect may be caused by Wilson disease? {{c1::Fanconi syndrome}}
Published	10/04/2023	Which renal tubular defect may be caused by metabolism disorders (e.g. glycogen storage disease, tyrosinemia, cystinosis)? {{c1::Fanconi syndrome}}
Published	10/04/2023	What renal tubular defect may be caused by ischemia, multiple myeloma, or lead poisoning? {{c1::Fanconi syndrome}}
Published	10/08/2023	What renal tubular defect may be caused by nephrotoxins/drugs (e.g. ifosfamide, cisplatin, tenofovir, expired tetracyclines)?{{c1::Fanconi syndrome}}
Published	10/04/2023	{{c1::Bartter}} syndrome is a renal tubular defect characterized by a defect in the {{c2::thick ascending limb (of Henle)::location}} of the nephron
Published	10/04/2023	{{c1::Bartter}} syndrome is a renal tubular defect that affects the {{c2::Na+/K+/2Cl-}} cotransporter
Published	10/04/2023	Which renal tubular defect presents similarly to chronic loop diuretic use? {{c1::Bartter syndrome}}
Published	10/04/2023	How do serum K+ levels change in Bartter syndrome? {{c1::Decreased (hypokalemia)}}
Published	10/04/2023	What acid-base disorder may be seen with Bartter syndrome? {{c1::Metabolic alkalosis}}
Published	10/04/2023	How does urinary excretion of Ca2+ change in Bartter syndrome?{{c1::Increased (hypercalciuria)}}
Published	10/04/2023	How do levels of plasma renin and aldosterone change in Bartter syndrome? {{c1::Increased (due to decreased Na+ reabsorption)}}
Published	10/04/2023	{{c1::Gitelman}} syndrome is a renal tubular defect characterized by a defect in the {{c2::DCT::location}} of the nephron
Published	10/04/2023	{{c1::Gitelman}} syndrome is a renal tubular defect that affects the {{c2::Na+-Cl-}} cotransporter
Published	10/04/2023	Which renal tubular defect presents similarly to lifelong thiazide diuretic use? {{c1::Gitelman syndrome}}
Published	10/04/2023	Compared to Bartter syndrome, Gitelman syndrome is more {{c1::mild::severity}}
Published	10/04/2023	How do serum K+ levels change in Gitelman syndrome? {{c1::Decreased (hypokalemia)}}
Published	10/04/2023	How do serum Mg2+ levels change in Gitelman syndrome? {{c1::Decreased (hypomagnesemia)}}
Published	10/04/2023	What acid-base disorder may be seen with Gitelman syndrome? {{c1::Metabolic alkalosis}}
Published	10/04/2023	How does urinary excretion of Ca2+ change in Gitelman syndrome?{{c1::Decreased (hypocalciuria)}}
Published	10/04/2023	How do levels of plasma renin and aldosterone change in Gitelman syndrome? {{c1::Increased (due to decreased Na+ reabsorption)}}
Published	10/04/2023	{{c1::Liddle}} syndrome is a renal tubular defect characterized by a gain of function mutation in the {{c2::ENaC}} channel in the {{c3::collecting duc…
Published	10/04/2023	How do serum Na+ levels change in Liddle syndrome? {{c1::Increased (hypernatremia)}}
Published	10/04/2023	Which renal tubular defects present similarly to hyperaldosteronism? {{c1::Liddle syndrome, Syndrome of apparent mineralocorticoid excess::2}}
Published	10/04/2023	How do serum K+ levels change in Liddle syndrome? {{c1::Decreased (hypokalemia)}}
Published	10/04/2023	How does blood pressure change in Liddle syndrome? {{c1::Increased (hypertension)}}
Published	10/04/2023	What acid-base disorder may be seen with Liddle syndrome? {{c1::Metabolic alkalosis}}
Published	10/04/2023	How do serum aldosterone levels change in Liddle syndrome? {{c1::Decreased}}
Published	10/04/2023	{{c2::Distal}} renal tubular acidosis is also known as type {{c1::1}} RTA
Published	10/04/2023	{{c2::Proximal}} renal tubular acidosis is also known as type {{c1::2}} RTA
Published	10/04/2023	Which renal tubular acidosis is associated with increased urinary excretion of HCO3-? {{c1::Proximal RTA (type 2)}}
Published	10/04/2023	{{c1::Fanconi}} Syndrome and Multiple {{c2::Myeloma}} can both cause proximal (type 2) renal tubular acidosis
Published	10/04/2023	Less common causes of hydronephrosis include {{c2::retroperitoneal}} fibrosis, {{c1::vesicoureteral}} reflux, and Unilateral Renal Agenesis
Published	10/04/2023	{{c2::Multiple myeloma}} is a malignant proliferation of {{c3::mono}}-clonal {{c1::plasma}} cells in the bone marrow
Published	10/04/2023	Multiple myeloma is associated with {{c1::elevated}} serum protein
Published	10/04/2023	Multiple myeloma may deposit in tissue, causing {{c1::primary (AL)}} amyloidosis
Published	10/04/2023	{{c3::Multiple myeloma}} is associated with free {{c1::light chain}} excretion in the urine, known as {{c2::Bence Jones}} proteinuria
Published	10/04/2023	In multiple myeloma, free light chain (Bence Jones protein) may deposit in kidney tubules, leading to risk for {{c1::renal failure (myeloma kidney)}}
Published	10/08/2023	{{c1::Chronic}} interstitial nephritis is typically seen with patients who've been taking {{c2::NSAIDs::class of drugs}} for a long time
Published	10/04/2023	Patients with chronic interstitial nephritis have a(n) {{c2::mild}} elevation of BUN and creatinine due to a(n) {{c1::mononuclear}} infiltrate of tubu…
Published	10/04/2023	Chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis causes CKD, resulting in bilaterally {{c1::small::size}} scarred kidneys bilaterally
Published	10/04/2023	Acute interstitial nephritis may present with {{c1::WBC}} casts in the urine
Published	10/04/2023	Acute interstitial nephritis may present with {{c1::increased}} serum BUN and Cr with {{c1::decreased}} urine output
Published	10/04/2023	Type 1 RTA is due decreased renal secretion of {{c1::H+}} onto anions and ammonia (NH3) → low a…
Published	10/04/2023	Type 1 RTA leads to what acid-base disorder?{{c1::Metabolic acidosis}}
Published	10/04/2023	Light chain deposition at the PCT in multiple myeloma may cause {{c1::Fanconi syndrome (type 2 RTA)::which renal complication?}}&n…
Published	10/04/2023	In multiple myeloma, renal insufficiency is partially due to {{c1::amyloidosis}}, which deposits as extracellular fibrils in tissue
Published	10/04/2023	Multiple myeloma may present with {{c1::renal insufficiency}} due to a combination of amyloidosis, Bence Jones protein, …
Published	10/04/2023	Nephrogenic Diabetes Inspidus may be treated with a(n) {{c1::low-salt, low-protein}} diet
Published	10/08/2023	One common cause of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is {{c1::lithium::drug}}, which prevents proper aquaporin formation in principal cel…
Published	10/04/2023	Acute interstitial nephritis is a less common cause of {{c1::intrinsic}} AKI
Published	10/04/2023	This renal biopsy shows a large infiltration of {{c2::inflammatory}} cells, especially {{c2::monocytes}} such as {{c3::eosinophils}}.The white space =…
Published	10/04/2023	{{c1::Ischemic injury}} is the mechanism that explains the progression of impaired renal function and increase in creatinine levels in a patient with …
Published	10/04/2023	Which region is the primary site of microvascular occlusion in sickle cell disease?{{c1::D}}
Published	10/04/2023	This renal biopsy shows interstitial {{c1::scarring}}. This is {{c2::chronic::chronic/acute}}.Hb levels would be {{c3::decreased::decreased/incr…
Published	10/04/2023	The patient's kidney is {{c3::smaller::size}} and {{c3::lighter::lighter/darker}} in color with a {{c3::granular/bumpy}} appearance.This is a {{c2::ch…
Published	10/10/2023	Which of the points on the graph is most consistent with a diagnosis of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?{{c1::C}}
Published	10/04/2023	Which of the points on the graph is most consistent with a diagnosis of central diabetes insipidus?{{c1::D}}
Published	10/08/2023	A proximal (T2) RTA is caused by a mutated {{c1::NaHCO3 contransporter::protein}} while a distal (T1) RTA is caused by a non-functional {{c1::vacuolar…
Published	10/08/2023	Which of the points on the graph is most consistent with a diagnosis of central/neurogenic diabetes insipidus?{{c1::D}}
Status	Last Update	Fields