Notes in 06 Prenatal Diagnosis

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Confirmatory tests1. Non-invasive Techniques2. Invasive Techniques{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	GC. Genetically normal tissue is modified1. Disruption 2. Deformation {{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	Most common type of structural fetal abnormality{{c1::Malformation}}
Published	07/30/2024	CBA. Congenital abnormalities An intrinsic abnormality programmed in development regardless of genetic etiologyA. Malformation B. Deformatio…
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Genetically normal fetus but abnormal due to mechanical force1. Deformation 2. Disruption {{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	Maternal age at risk of fetal growth abnormalities{{c1::≥35 at the time of delivery}}
Published	07/30/2024	T or FCouple that are carriers of chromosomal abnormality can increase the risk of fetal growth disruption {{c1::T}}
Published	07/30/2024	2nd most common congenital malformation{{c1::Neural tube defects}}
Published	07/30/2024	Serum protein that is high among maternal px with incidence of fetal NTDs{{c1::Alpha fetoprotein (AFP)}}
Published	07/30/2024	Ideal period to give folic acid supplementation {{c1::Prior to conception}}
Published	07/30/2024	Folic acid supplementation reduce the risk  of NTD by {{c1::70}}%
Published	07/30/2024	Dose of folic acid per day for px with no history of NTDs{{c1::0.4 mg/day}}
Published	07/30/2024	Dose of folic acid per day for px with past pregnancies complicated by NTDs{{c1::4 mg/day}}
Published	07/30/2024	Major serum protein of the embryo and early fetus{{c1::Alpha Fetoprotein (AFP)}}
Published	07/30/2024	Major source of AFP in AF is {{c1::fetal urine}}
Published	07/30/2024	AOG week where maternal serum AFP is screened?{{c1::15-20 weeks gestation}}
Published	07/30/2024	Upper limit of normal maternal serum AFP {{c1::2.0 or 2.5 MoM}}
Published	07/30/2024	Maternal serum AFP detection rate % for fetal anencephaly{{c1::90}}
Published	07/30/2024	Maternal serum AFP detection rate % for fetal anencephaly{{c1::80}}
Published	07/30/2024	Most sensitive and specific test in determining NTD{{c1::Amniocentesis}}
Published	07/30/2024	If the amniotic fluid AFP level is elevated, an assay for {{c1::Acetylcholinesterase}} is performed
Published	07/30/2024	AFP in the amniotic fluid peaks around the {{c1::14}}th week
Published	07/30/2024	AOG week where Maternal serum AFP level is higher compared to fetal and amiotic{{c1::> 20 weeks}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Absence of both the cranium and brain tissue1. Acrania2. Anencephaly {{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Brain tissue is not degraded1. Acrania2. Anencephaly {{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	Abnormal amniotic finding associated with anencephay {{c1::Hydramnios -Results from impaired swallowing during the late 2nd to 3rd trimester}}
Published	07/30/2024	Most common NTD prior to the era of folic acid food fortification{{c1::Anencephaly}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Herniation of meningeal sac only1. Myelomeningocele2. Meningocele{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Herniation of meningeal sac and neural elements1. Myelomeningocele2. Meningocele{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Vertebral schisis covered by normal soft tissues1. Spina bifida occulta2. Spina bifida aperta{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	Give associated motor function defect with spina bifida{{c1::Lower limb paralysis or dysfunctionIncontinenceVarying degree of motor impairment}}
Published	07/30/2024	Between the two images below, which is a meningomyelocele?{{c1::Left-hand side picture}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Herniation of meninges through a cranial defect1. Cephalocele2. Spina bifida{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	Most common site of cephalocele {{c1::Midline occipital region}}
Published	07/30/2024	Meckel-Gruber syndrome manifestations{{c1::CephaloceleCystic renal dysplasiaPolydactyly}}
Published	07/30/2024	Most common site of Encephalocele{{c1::Occipital area}}
Published	07/30/2024	Herniation of brain tissue and meninges through a skull defect{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	Serum analyte that is INC and DEC in maternal screening for down syndrome associated infant {{c1::INC Serum hCG levelsDEC D Pregnancy associated …
Published	07/30/2024	Ideal week to screen for down syndrome related child {{c1::11-14 weeks}}
Published	07/30/2024	T or FDEC nuchal translucency (NT) depicts prevalence of chromosomal defects{{c1::False, must be increased}}
Published	07/30/2024	Nuchal translucency width cut-off to classify for INC prevalence of chromosomal defect{{c1::3 mm or exceeds the 99th percentile}}
Published	07/30/2024	If NT is <3 mm, chromosomal defect is {{c1::0.2}}%, risk of chromosomal defect is {{c1::low}}
Published	07/30/2024	T or FAs NT increases, there is increased risk of chromosomal defect{{c1::True}}
Published	07/30/2024	Familiarize with the trend of NT and chromosaml dect{{c1::}}
Published	07/30/2024	Nuchal translucency of more than {{c1::6.5}} mm would most likely have almost 50% chance of fetal abnormalities
Published	07/30/2024	Nuchal transparency gives approximately {{c1::64-70}}% detection rate
Published	07/30/2024	Two Serum biochemical markers that are monitored {{c1::Beta hCGPAPP-A}}
Published	07/30/2024	Detection rate % for chromosomal abnormality with follow testsNuchal transparency: {{c3::64-70%}}Serum biochemical markers: {{c2::70%}}Combi…
Published	07/30/2024	Combined NT and biochemical marker for trisonomy 21Detection rate: {{c1::79-87%}}False-positivity rate: {{c1::5%}}
Published	07/30/2024	Combined NT and biochemical marker for trisonomy 18 and 13Detection rate: {{c1::90%}}False-positivity rate: {{c1::1%}}
Published	07/30/2024	Fetal abnormalities associated with Low PAPP-A{{c1::Preterm birth Intrauterine growth restriction Preeclampsia Fetal demise}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Maternal Tube Defect1. High MSAFP2. Low MSAFP{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. DOWN syndrome1. High MSAFP2. Low MSAFP{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	Second trimester screening: Triple screen expected result for fetal abnormality MSAFP: {{c1::DEC::INC or DEC}}hCG: {{c1::INC::INC or DE…
Published	07/30/2024	Second trimester screening: Quad screen expected result for fetal abnormality MSAFP: {{c1::DEC::INC or DEC}}hCG: {{c1::INC::INC or DEC}…
Published	07/30/2024	Detection rate % of ff. second term screening Triple screen: {{c1::61-70%::%}}Quad screen: {{c1::81-83%::%}}
Published	07/30/2024	Two forms of first semester screening {{c1::Sonographic Evaluation (NT) Nuchal TranslucencyMaternal serum analyte screening}}
Published	07/30/2024	Two forms of second semester screening {{c1::Triple screen Quad screen}}
Published	07/30/2024	Screening tests included in integrated screening {{c1::First-trimester screeningQuad test}}
Published	07/30/2024	Integrated test for down syndrome Detection rate: {{c1::94%-96%}}False positive rate: {{c1::5%}}
Published	07/30/2024	Sequential screening Stepwise - State recommended action on ff. eventsHigh risk FTS result: {{c1::Invasive testing}}Low risk FTS result: {{c1::2n…
Published	07/30/2024	Sequential screening Contingent - State recommended action on ff. eventsHigh risk: {{c1::Invasive testing}}Moderate risk: {{c1::2nd trimester screenin…
Published	07/30/2024	T or FAbnormal result in noninvasive prenatal test indicate certain abnormal condition'{{c1::False}}
Published	07/30/2024	Con of NIP over FTS or STS{{c1::Higher cost}}
Published	07/30/2024	Invasive procedures performed to confirm positive abnormal NIPT result {{c1::CVS and amniocentesis}}
Published	07/30/2024	Three most common chromosomal abnormalities{{c1::Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome)Trisomy 13 (Patau syndrome)Trisomy 18 (Edward syndrome)}}
Published	07/30/2024	Sources of cfDNA for NIPT screening {{c1::Apoptotic trophoblasts, adipocytes and WBC}}
Published	07/30/2024	Chromosomal abnormality with highest specificity from cfDNA screening {{c1::Trisonomy 13}}
Published	07/30/2024	Chromosomal abnormality with highest sensitivity from cfDNA screening {{c1::Trisomy 21}}
Published	07/30/2024	CBA. Screening testWhich of the follow screening test has the lowest False positivity rate of 0.1?A. First Trimester ScreenB. Quad ScreenC. Integ…
Published	07/30/2024	CBA. Screening testWhich of the follow screening test has the highest detection rate of 99%?A. First Trimester ScreenB. Quad ScreenC. Integrated …
Published	07/30/2024	Screening tests detection rateQuad Screen: {{c2::80-82}}First Trimester Screen: {{c2::80-84}}Integrated screening: {{c1::94-96}}Cell Fr…
Published	07/30/2024	T or F If NIPT shows high risk of Trisonomy 21, it means the fetus has Trisonomy 21 {{c1::False}}
Published	07/30/2024	T or F If NIPT shows low risk of Trisonomy 21, exclude Trisonomy 21 and test for other abnormalities {{c1::False}}
Published	07/30/2024	AOG week required to perform accurate NIPT {{c1::10 weeks}}
Published	07/30/2024	A measurement of {{c1::>4}}mm is found about 2 percent of fetuses and approximately double the risk for Down Syndrome
Published	07/30/2024	T or FMild renal pelvis dilatation is usually transient or physiological{{c1::True}}
Published	07/30/2024	This is a focal papillary muscle calcification that is neither a structural nor a functional cardiac anomaly{{c1::Echogenic intracardiac focus}}
Published	07/30/2024	Most commonly represents small amounts of swallowed blood frequently in the setting of maternal serum AFP level{{c1::Echogenic bowel}}
Published	07/30/2024	Defined as shortened frontal lobe{{c1::Brachycephaly}}
Published	07/30/2024	T or FSonographic markers are NOT confirmatory tests{{c1::True}}
Published	07/30/2024	Thick nuchal fold at occipital area {{c1::>6}}mm : probability of Down Syndrome
Published	07/30/2024	When is the ideal period to screen for sonographic marks to indicate risk for down syndrome {{c1::11-14 weeks onwards}}
Published	07/30/2024	T or FAn isolated case of echogenic intracardiac focus is an abnormal finding {{c1::False}}
Published	07/30/2024	Hypoplasia (absence) of the 5th finger middle phalanx creates an inward curvature{{c1::Clinodactyly}}
Published	07/30/2024	Sandal-gap sonographic finding {{c1::Big toe is separated from the rest of the finger toes}}
Published	07/30/2024	T or FHyperplastic nasal bone is associated wth aneuploidies{{c1::False}}
Published	07/30/2024	T or FIsolated case of flat nasal bone is normal finding {{c1::False}}
Published	07/30/2024	T or FIsolated case of single umbilical artery is normal {{c1::True}}
Published	07/30/2024	AOG week to perform ultrasound for congenial anomaly scan {{c1::18-22 weeks}}
Published	07/30/2024	Procedure done to withdraw amniotic fluid transabdominally under direct ultrasound guidance{{c1::Amniocentesis}}
Published	07/30/2024	How much amniotic fluid is collected for karyotyping?{{c1::20-30 mL}}
Published	07/30/2024	T or F Amniotic fluid with pale yellow color is normal {{c1::True}}
Published	07/30/2024	A {{c1::20-22}} gauge spinal needle is used for amniocentesis
Published	07/30/2024	Fetal complication associated with early amniocentesis {{c1::TalipesOligohydramniosPreterm laborAbortion}}
Published	07/30/2024	Ideal timeframe to perform amniocentesis based on AOG week {{c1::15-20 weeks}}
Published	07/30/2024	Lamellar body count cut-off to consider developed lungs from amniocentesis during 3rd trimester{{c1::>50,000}}
Published	07/30/2024	Ideal timeframe to perform chorionic villus sampling {{c1::10-13 weeks}}
Published	07/30/2024	Early CVS is discouraged at {{c1::7}} weeks
Published	07/30/2024	Chorionic villi sampling Uses {{c1::18 or 20::number}} gauge spinal needle using aseptic technique
Published	07/30/2024	Complications associated with chorionic villi sampling {{c1::Vaginal bleeding Abortion Infection Limb abnormalities}}
Published	07/30/2024	Ideal timeframe to perform Cordocentesis / PUBS{{c1::18 weeks}}
Published	07/30/2024	Additional content of syringe while performing cordocentesis {{c1::Heparin}}
Published	07/30/2024	Prenatal test with fastest fetal karyotyping {{c1::Cordocentesis - 24-48 hrs}}
Published	07/30/2024	In cordocentesis, the blood sample will be taken from the {{c1::umbilical vein::vessel}}
Status	Last Update	Fields