Notes in Fates of Glucose

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Published	08/28/2024	The {{c1::pyruvate dehydrogenase}} complex is a mitochondrial enzyme complex linking glycolysis and the TCA cycle
Published	08/28/2024	What is the general purpose of the pentose phosphate shunt?Take glucose-6-P, make intermediates for {{c1::other cellular processes}}
Published	08/28/2024	What is the regulated step of pentose phosphate shunt?G-6-P --> H+, NADPH, and 6-P-Gluconolate, via {{c1::G-6-P dehydrogenase}}
Published	08/28/2024	Where do e- s <-- TCA cycle go?{{c1::e- Transport Chain}}Complex I gets {{c1::all e- s from NADH}}Complex II gets {{c1::all e- s from FADH2}}&…
Published	08/28/2024	Which e-transport chain complexes pump H+s?{{c1::I, III, IV (2 cannot)}}
Published	08/28/2024	Electron transport chain: which molecule brings e- s <-- complex I/II to complex III?{{c1::Q / ubiquinone}}
Published	08/28/2024	Electron transport chain: which molecule brings e- s <-- complex III to complex IV?{{c1::Cytochrome C}}
Published	08/28/2024	Electron transport chain: at which complex is the electron finally accepted, and water made?{{c1::Complex IV}}
Published	08/28/2024	What is complex V of the e- transport chain?{{c1::ATP Synthase. (A Hydrogen Pump)}}
Published	08/28/2024	Overall, the ETC makes {{c1::~ 2.5}} ATP for every 10 {{c1::H+}}
Published	08/28/2024	The overall effect of the pentose phosphate shunt is helping with {{c1::nucleotide biosynthesis}}, {{c1::detoxification}}, and {{c1::neurotransmitter …
Published	08/28/2024	The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex irreversibly converts {{c1::pyruvate}} to {{c1::acetyl-CoA}}.
Published	08/28/2024	Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is activated when the cell has {{c1::low}} energy, and is deactivated when the cell has {{c1::high}} energy.
Published	08/28/2024	PDH complex is deactivated by {{c1::acetyl-CoA}}, {{c1::NADH}}, and {{c1::ATP}}.
Published	08/28/2024	The goal of the TCA cycle, aerobic metabolism, is to capture and use {{c1::high transfer potential electrons. }}
Published	08/28/2024	In total in the TCA cycle, there are {{c1::3}} NADH produced, {{c1::1}} FADH2, {{c1::2}} CO2, and {{c1::1}} GTP.
Published	08/28/2024	Overall, the TCA cycle is oxidizing 2 carbon units to produce {{c1::2}} molecules of CO2, {{c1::1}} molecule of ATP, and some high-energy electrons th…
Published	08/28/2024	TCA cycle is activated by {{c1::ADP}} and {{c1::pyruvate}}, and inhibted by {{c2::ATP}}, {{c2::acetyl CoA}}, and {{c2::NADH}}.
Published	08/28/2024	Complex I in the ETC converts {{c1::NADH and H+}} to {{c1::NAD+}}, and pumps {{c1::4}} protons into the intermembrane space. Electrons are transf…
Published	08/28/2024	In complex II, {{c1::succinate}} is converted to {{c1::fumarate}}, and electrons are transferred to complex III via {{c1::ubiquinone}}. {{c1::No}} pro…
Published	08/28/2024	{{c1::4}} protons are pumped into the intermembrane space by complex III in the ETC, and electrons are transferred to complex IV by {{c1::cytochrome C…
Published	08/28/2024	ATP synthase is composed of an F1 and F0 subunit. The F0 subunit is made up of 8-14 {{c1::c-subunits}}, which make up a channel. There is on…
Published	08/28/2024	The F1 subunit of ATP synthase sticks out into the mitochondrial cytoplasm. The structure of the F1 subunit is composed of three beta-subunits, t…
Published	08/28/2024	In the F1 cycle of ATP synthase, the {{c1::open}} configuration allows for release of ATP, binding of ADP and Pi. The {{c2::loose}} configuration…
Published	08/28/2024	In mitochondrial membrane, {{c1::Adenine nucleotide translocase}}, an {{c1::antiport}} receptor, allows for formed {{c2::ADP}} to move into the mitoch…
Published	08/28/2024	In the mitochondrial membrane, the phosphate translocase is a symport transporter that allows for {{c1::H+}} and {{c1::phosphate}} to be pumped into t…
Published	08/28/2024	In the oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate shunt, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase is stimulated by {{c1::NADP+}} and {{c1::glucose-6-phosphate…
Published	08/28/2024	The pentose phosphate shunt can generate {{c1::ribose-5-phosphate}} (to aid in nucleotide biosynthesis) and {{c1::NADPH}} (to provide reducing power) …
Published	08/28/2024	Draw the TCA cycle
Published	08/28/2024	The conversion of isocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate by isocitrate dehydrogenase produces:
Published	08/28/2024	The conversion of alpha-ketoglutarate to succinyl CoA by the alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex produces:
Published	08/28/2024	In the TCA cycle, the conversion of succinyl CoA to succinate by succinyl CoA synthetase produces:
Published	08/28/2024	In the TCA cycle, the conversion of succinate to fumarate by succinate dehydrogenase produces:
Published	08/28/2024	In the TCA cycle, the conversion of malate to oxaloacetate by malate dehydrogenase produces:
Published	08/28/2024	In the TCA cycle, the conversion of oxaloacetate to citrate by citrate synthase produces:
Published	08/28/2024	Which five co-factors are necessary for pyruvate dehydrogenase?
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