Notes in 08FemaleReproductiveTissue

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Published	07/30/2024	The parenchyma of the ovarian cortex are the {{c1::ovarian follicles}}
Published	07/30/2024	During {{c1::prepuberty}}, the ovarian cortex shows {{c2::only primordial}} follicles
Published	07/30/2024	During {{c1::(post)puberty}}, the ovarian cortex shows {{c2::different stages of ovarian}} follicles along with the corpus luteum and/or corpus albica…
Published	07/30/2024	Oogensis begins at the {{c1::embryonic}} stage of development and will continue for over {{c2::~40 years (until menopause)}}
Published	07/30/2024	During the {{c2::3rd}} month of development, primordial germ cells migrate to the {{c1::gonadal ridges (urogenital folds)}}
Published	07/30/2024	During the {{c2::4th–5th month}} of development, primordial follicles start their first {{c1::meiotic}} division
Published	07/30/2024	(simplification) The {{c1::follicular}} phase of the ovarian cycle is characterized by the production of the hormones: {{c2::FSH}} and {{c2::estrogen}…
Published	07/30/2024	(simplification) The {{c1::luteal}} phase of the ovarian cycle is characterized by the production of the hormones: {{c2::LH}} and {{c2::progesterone}}
Published	07/30/2024	A {{c1::primordial}} follicle is a primary oocyte whose surrounding follicular cells are made up of {{c2::only a layer of flattened granulosa cells}}
Published	07/30/2024	A {{c1::primary}} follicle is an ovarian follicle whose follicular cells is made up of {{c2::2 or more layers of cuboidal granulosa cells}}
Published	07/30/2024	A {{c1::secondary}} follicle is an ovarian follicle whose follicular cells is made up of multiple granulosa cells and {{c2::theca folliculi cells}}
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::antral cavity}} is a fluid-filled space between {{c2::granulosa}} cells and appears during the {{c3::secondary}} follicle stage
Published	07/30/2024	Theca {{c1::interna}} cells produce {{c2::androstenedione and testosterone}} and are rich in blood vessels
Published	07/30/2024	The oocyte is {{c1::centrally}} located within the secondary follicle
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c3::cumulus oophorus and corona radiata}} appears during the {{c1::secondary}} follicle and are made up of {{c2::surrounding granulosa cells}}
Published	07/30/2024	Out of the {{c1::20::n}} primordial follicles stimulated by FSH, only {{c2::1::n}} matures into a Graafian follicle and this is called the {{c3::domin…
Published	07/30/2024	The oocyte in a Graafian follicle is located {{c1::eccentrally}}
Published	07/30/2024	Secondary oocyte is arrested at {{c2::metap}}hase II has to be fertilized within {{c1::24 hours::time}}, otherwise it won't complete meiosis II and wo…
Published	07/30/2024	After ovulation, the {{c1::theca lutein}} cells produce {{c2::estrogen}}
Published	07/30/2024	After ovulation, the {{c1::granulosa lutein}} cells produce {{c2::progesterone}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Luteinizing}} hormone maintains the corpus luteum for {{c2::10–12 days::time}} before it is eventually inhibited by {{c3::high levels of progest…
Published	07/30/2024	If implantation occurs, the corpus luteum lives for {{c1::9 weeks::time}} more as the corpus luteum of pregnancy
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c2::corpus luteum of pregnancy}} is the main source of progesterone for the first 9 weeks (4-5 months) of pregnancy until the {{c1::placenta}} t…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::hCG}} hormone maintains the corpus luteum of pregnancy
Published	07/30/2024	The corpus albicans exhibits {{c1::decreased}} production of estrogen and progesterone
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::zona pellucida}} is the {{c2::glycoprotein}} capsule of the oocyte
Published	07/30/2024	The corpus luteum get its yellow color from the pigment, {{c1::lutein}}
Published	07/30/2024	The stratum {{c1::vasculare}} forms the bulk of myometrium
Published	07/30/2024	Large blood vessels of the myometrium are located between the smooth muscles of the {{c1::stratum vasculare}}
Published	07/30/2024	Which layers of the uterus undergo change to accomodate pregnancy?{{c1::1. Stratum functionalis of endometrium2. Myometrium (hyperplasia and hypertrop…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Granulosa cells}} form layers of cells around the oocyte
Published	07/30/2024	The granulosa cells in direct contact with the zona pellucida is the {{c1::corona radiata}}
Published	07/30/2024	The granulosa cells that surround the zona pellucida are called {{c1::cumulus granulosa cells (cumulus oophorus)}}
Published	07/30/2024	The granulosa cells that line the follicular wall are called {{c1::mural granulosa cells (membrana granulosa)}}
Published	07/30/2024	Which granulosa cells remain with the oocyte after ovulation?{{c1::Cumulus granulosa (cumulus oophorus)}}
Published	07/30/2024	The stratum functionalis is further subdivided into the {{c1::stratum compactum}} and the deeper {{c1::stratum spongiosum}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::Estrogen}} induces {{c1::proliferative}} changes in the endometrium
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::progesterone}} induces {{c1::progestational/secretory}} changes in the endometrium
Published	07/30/2024	What type of epithelium is found at the uterus?{{c1::Simple columnar epithelium with long slightly branched tubular glands, some ciliated}}
Published	07/30/2024	Beneath the epithelium of the uterus is a {{c1::tunica propria}}, is an embryonic (cellular) connective tissue
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Menses}} marks the first day of an endometrial cycle
Published	07/30/2024	FSH levels {{c1::fall}} with {{c2::increased}} estrogen levels
Published	07/30/2024	At a certain threshold/peak, high {{c1::estrogen}} levels stimulate a surge of {{c2::LH (and FSH) secretion}}
Published	07/30/2024	Does LH stimulate the production of estrogen or progesterone?{{c1::Both :)}}
Published	07/30/2024	Days {{c1::1–5}} constitutes the {{c2::menstrual}} phase of the endometrial cycle
Published	07/30/2024	Days {{c1::6–14}} constitutes the {{c2::proliferative}} phase of the endometrial cycle
Published	07/30/2024	Days {{c1::15–17}} constitutes the {{c2::early secretory}} phase of the endometrial cycle
Published	07/30/2024	Days {{c1::18–28}} constitutes the {{c2::late secretory}} phase of the endometrial cycle
Published	07/30/2024	{{c3::Menses}} occurs due to decreased levels of {{c1::progesterone (and estrogen)}} which causes {{c2::intermittent constriction}} of spiral/coiled/t…
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::follicular}} ovarian phase coincides with the {{c2::proliferative}} endometrial phase
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::luteal}} ovarian phase coincides with the {{c2::secretory}} endometrial phase
Published	07/30/2024	Decidual cells stain {{c1::acido}}philic and have round nuclei (sometimes binucleated)
Published	07/30/2024	Chorion is formed by {{c1::trophoblast}} cells from the forming fetus
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Maternal::Maternal/Fetal}} blood flows in the {{c2::spaces between trophoblasts}} of the placenta
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Fetal::Maternal/Fetal}} blood flows in the {{c2::chorionic villi capillaries}} of the placenta
Published	07/30/2024	The placental barrier is composed of 4 layers:{{c1::1. Syncytiotrophoblast::outer}}{{c2::2. Cytotrophoblast::disappears at term placenta}}{{c3::3. Mes…
Published	07/30/2024	The junction of the {{c1::ectocervix}} and {{c1::endocervix}} is marked by the {{c2::squamocolumnar junction}}
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::ecto}}cervix lacks glands
Published	07/30/2024	Vaginal discharge is mucus secreted by the {{c1::cervical glands in the endocervix}}
Published	07/30/2024	As {{c1::estrogen}} levels rise, cervical glands produce {{c2::more watery, stretchable, egg-like}} mucusThe stretch is also known as {{c3::spinn…
Published	07/30/2024	As {{c1::progesterone}} levels rise, cervical glands produce {{c2::thicker}} mucus
Published	07/30/2024	Billing's ovulation method: more fluid, egg-like mucus = {{c1::dangerous}} mucus, {{c1::proliferative}} ovarian phase
Published	07/30/2024	Billing's ovulation method: thicker mucus = {{c1::safe}} mucus, {{c1::luteal}} ovarian phase
Published	07/30/2024	What is the type of epithelium of the vagina?{{c1::non-keratinized stratified squamous rich in glycogen granules}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Glycogen granules}} in the vaginal epithelium provide nutrients to the normal vaginal flora ({{c2::Lactobacilli}}) which is important in maintin…
Published	07/30/2024	The tunica propria of the {{c1::vagina::female genital organ}} is rich in {{c2::venous sinuses}} (allows erection)
Published	07/30/2024	Does the vagina contain glands?{{c1::No}}
Published	07/30/2024	Pap smear collects cells from the {{c1::posterior fornix}} → {{c1::ectocervix}} → {{c1::endocervix}}
Published	07/30/2024	In a pap smear, {{c1::basophilic intermediate}} cells are seen when {{c2::progesterone::hormone}} is dominant*bonus: signifies what phase if abundant?
Published	07/30/2024	In a pap smear, {{c1::acidophilic superficial}} cells are seen when {{c2::estrogen::hormone}} is dominant*bonus: signifies what phase if abundant?
Published	07/30/2024	In a pap smear, {{c1::basophilic parabasal}} cells are seen when {{c2::neither estrogen nor progesterone::hormone}} is dominant *bonus: signifi…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Peg}} cells are non-ciliated epithelial cells within the {{c2::uterine tubes}} which secrete nutrients for the spematozoa and ovum
Published	07/30/2024	What is the type of epithelium in the uterine tubes?{{c1::Tall Simple columnar, mostly ciliatied, with peg cells}}
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::ampulla}} of the uterine tube is especially lined with mucosa with {{c2::complicated folds}}
Published	07/30/2024	The fertilized egg stays within the uterine tubes for {{c1::1–2 days::time}}
Published	07/30/2024	Implantation of blastocyts in the uterine tubes is not ideal due to the {{c1::thin musculature}} of the uterine tubes
Published	07/30/2024	An endometrium in the {{c2::menstrual}} phase is characterized by {{c1::desquamation of stratum functionalis}}
Published	07/30/2024	An endometrium in the {{c2::proliferative}} phase is characterized by {{c1::apperance of uterine glands and Stratum functionalis fully thickens a…
Published	07/30/2024	An endometrium in the {{c2::early secretory}} phase is characterized by {{c1::glycogen-containing subnuclear (basal) vacuoles}}
Published	07/30/2024	An endometrium in the {{c2::late secretory/premenstrual}} phase is characterized by {{c1::corkscrew-pattern of uterine glands}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::Syncytial knots}} are aggregates of syncytial nuclei at the surface of terminal villi that forms as the placenta {{c1::reaches full te…
Published	07/30/2024	How many days are in each month?{{c1::}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Gravida}} refers to the number {{c2::pregnancies}} regardless of outcome
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Parity (para)}} refers to the number {{c2::deliveries}} regardless of outcome
Published	07/30/2024	When grading a female's obstetrical status using GTPAL, what does A represent?{{c1::abortions and miscarriages}}
Published	07/30/2024	Parity is subdivided into {{c1::Term}}, {{c1::Preterm}}, {{c1::Abortion}} and {{c1::Living Children}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::Superficial}} cells in a pap smear have {{c1::darkly-stained}} nucleus
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::Intermediate}} cells in a pap smear are wafer thin
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::Parabasal}} cells in a pap smear have {{c3::big round}} nuclei
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Secondary}} oocytes are arrested in {{c2::metaphase II}} until {{c3::fertilization}}
Published	07/30/2024	Describe the 2 divisions of the ovaryCortex - {{c1::dense and fibrocellular}}Medulla - {{c1::loose with thick-walled blood vessels}}
Published	07/30/2024	Hormones{{c1::Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)}} - stimulates primordial follicles to resume meiotic division{{c1::Luteinizing Hormone (LH)}} - stim…
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::primary}} follicle continues to be stimulated by {{c2::FSH::hormone}} to become secondary follicle
Published	07/30/2024	Can you already see the zona pellucida in the secondary follicle?{{c1::Yes}}
Published	07/30/2024	The Secondary oocyte has started its {{c1::second}} meiotic division
Published	07/30/2024	The graafian follicle has a {{c1::larger::larger/smaller}} antrum than the secondary follicle
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::graafian}} follicle becomes superficially located (indents the surface of the ovary)
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::secondary}} oocyte is released on the surface of the ovary as the {{c2::Graafian}} follicle ruptures
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Syncytiotrophoblast}} of the early placenta would produce {{c2::human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)::hormone}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Chorionic villi}} - microscopic finger-like projections containing capillaries● {{c2::Fetal::fetal/maternal}} component of the placenta● Provide…
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::placental barrier}} separates maternal circulation from fetal circulation
Published	07/30/2024	in what stage of pregnancy does the cytotrophoblast disappear{{c1::During late pregnancy}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::FSH}} stimulates the {{c1::growth and maturation}} of ovarian folliclesREAD EXTRA
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Low}} levels of {{c2::estrogen and progesterone}} after menstruation stimulates the production of {{c4::FSH}}, restarting the menstrual cycle
Published	07/30/2024	Theca {{c1::externa}} cells gradually merge with ovarian connective tissue
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