Notes in BIOL 190 Exam 1 Study Deck

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Published	09/20/2024	Explain how life can be viewed at different levels of biological complexity
Published	09/20/2024	(1.1) Describe the principles of biology
Published	09/20/2024	(1.2) Explain the 2 basic mechanisms by which evolutionary change occurs
Published	09/20/2024	(2.1) Describe the general structure of atoms
Published	09/20/2024	(2.1) Define orbital and electron shell
Published	09/20/2024	(2.1) Relate atomic structure to the periodic table of the elements
Published	09/20/2024	(2.1) Quantify atomic mass using units of daltons and moles
Published	09/20/2024	Explain how a single element may exist in 2 or more forms, called isotopes
Published	09/20/2024	List the 4 elements that make up most of the mass of all living organisms
Published	09/20/2024	Compare and contrast the types of chemical bonds and atomic interactions (covalent, ionic, hydrogen, van Der Waals) that lead to the formation of mole…
Published	09/20/2024	Explain the concept of electronegativity and how it contributes to the formation of polar and nonpolar covalent bonds
Published	09/20/2024	Describe how a molecule’s shape is important to its ability to interact with other molecules
Published	09/20/2024	Define a chemical reaction and give an example of a chemical reaction
Published	09/20/2024	Relate the concept of a chemical reaction to the concept of chemical equilibrium
Published	09/20/2024	Define solute and solvent
Published	09/20/2024	2. Compare and contrast hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances
Published	09/20/2024	Explain how solution concentration can be quantified using molarity
Published	09/20/2024	Describe the 3 states of H2O
Published	09/20/2024	Make a list of the roles of water that are critical for the survival of living organisms
Published	09/20/2024	Explain how H2O dissociates into hydroxide ions (OH-) and hydrogen ions (H+), and calculate the concentration of hydrogen and hydroxide ions at …
Published	09/20/2024	Explain the relationship between hydrogen ion concentration and pH value
Published	09/20/2024	Give examples of how buffers maintain a stable environment in an animal’s
Published	09/20/2024	Explain the properties of carbon that make it the chemical basis of all life
Published	09/20/2024	Describe the variety and chemical characteristics of common functional groups of organic compounds
Published	09/20/2024	Diagram how small organic molecules are assembled into larger ones by dehydration reactions and how hydrolysis reactions can reverse this process
Published	09/20/2024	Compare and contrast the structures and functions of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
Published	09/20/2024	Distinguish among different types of carbohydrate molecules, including monosaccharides, disacchardies, and polysaccharides
Published	09/20/2024	Relate the function of plant and animal polysaccharides to their structure
Published	09/20/2024	List the different classes of lipid molecules important in living organisms
Published	09/20/2024	Diagram the structure of a triglyceride, and explain how it is formed and how its structure is affected by the presence of saturated and unsaturated f…
Published	09/20/2024	Explain why some fats are solid at room temperature and others are liquid
Published	09/20/2024	Discuss how triglycerides function as energy-storage molecules
Published	09/20/2024	Explain why phospholipids form a  bilayer when dissolved in water
Published	09/20/2024	Describe the chemical structure of steroids and give an example of their biological importance
Published	09/20/2024	Give examples of the general functions that are carried out by different proteins
Published	09/20/2024	Describe how amino acids are joined to form a polypeptide
Published	09/20/2024	Diagram and explain the 4 levels of protein structure
Published	09/20/2024	Outline the factors that determine protein shape and function
Published	09/20/2024	Describe the 3 components of a nucleotide
Published	09/20/2024	Distinguish between the structures of DNA and RNA
Published	09/20/2024	Outline the 4 overlapping stages that are hypothesized to have led to the origin of living cells
Published	09/20/2024	List Various Hypotheses about how complex organic molecules were formed
Published	09/20/2024	Explain the concept of an RNA world and describe how it could have evolved into a DNA/RNA/protein world
Published	09/20/2024	Compare and contrast the general structural features of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
Published	09/20/2024	Explain how the proteome underlies the structure and functions of cells
Published	09/20/2024	Analyze how cell size and shape affect the ratio between surface and volume
Published	09/20/2024	Identify the location of the cytosol in a eukaryotic cell, and describe its general functions
Published	09/20/2024	Compare and contrast the 3 types of protein filaments that form the cytoskeleton
Published	09/20/2024	Explain how motor proteins interact with microtubules or actin filaments to promote cellular movements
Published	09/20/2024	Compare and contrast cilia and flagella
Published	09/20/2024	Sketch the structures and explain the general functions of all of the components of the endomembrane system
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