Notes in Medical Neuroscience 6 - Visual Systems

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Published	09/12/2024	What percent of the fibers in the optic tracts terminate in the thalamic nucleus?{{c1::80%}}
Published	09/12/2024	What are the 3 other places the remaining 20% of the retinal fibers terminate?1. {{c1::Superior colliculus (10%)}}2. {{c2::Pretectal area (5…
Published	09/12/2024	How many layers are there in the LGN?{{c1::6}}
Published	09/12/2024	Which layers are called the magnocellular layers?{{c1::1 & 2}}
Published	09/12/2024	The {{c1::magnocellular}} layers receive information from the {{c2::parasol ganglion}} cells, while the {{c3::parvocellular}} layers ({{c5::3-6::#-#}}…
Published	09/12/2024	Which layer/cells is overrepresented in the retinotopic map?{{c1::Parvocellular / midget ganglion cells}}
Published	09/12/2024	Layers {{c1::1, 4, 6::3}} receive information from the {{c2::nasal}} fibers of the {{c3::contra}}-lateral eye.
Published	09/12/2024	Layers {{c1::2, 3, 5::3}} receive information from the {{c2::temporal}} fibers of the {{c3::ipsi}}-lateral eye
Published	09/15/2024	The {{c1::inferior}} fibers are also known as the {{c2::indirect}} fibers and are called {{c3::Meyer's}} loop, representing {{c4::inferior}} retina or…
Published	09/12/2024	The most {{c1::posterior}} half of the {{c2::calcarine}} sulcus is the representation of the {{c3::fovea}}
Published	09/12/2024	Which layer do most visual fibers terminate in the primary visual cortex?{{c1::Layer IV}}
Published	09/12/2024	The {{c4::primary visual}} cortex is also called {{c1::V1 (visual I)}}, Brodmann’s area {{c2::17}} or {{c3::striate}} cortex.
Published	09/12/2024	Where does the name "striate cortex" come from?{{c1::Stria of Gennari}}
Published	09/12/2024	A(n) {{c1::ocular dominance}} column is a vertical cortical column, starting at the {{c2::pial}} layer and ending at the border with the {{c3::white}}…
Published	09/12/2024	Each ocular dominance column has cells with complex receptive fields that allow them to have {{c1::orientation}} selectivity
Published	09/12/2024	Besides orientation, what else can the ocular dominance columns process?{{c1::Color and movement information::2}}
Published	09/12/2024	What do the 3 different, separate channels specialize in in each ocular dominance column?1. {{c1::Motion}}2. {{c2::Fine Details, shape of ob…
Published	09/12/2024	The {{c1::lateral}} surface of the cerebral hemispheres with the {{c2::occipital}} lobe is divided in {{c3::3}} different areas: {{c3::V1, V2, V3}}.&n…
Published	09/12/2024	Which area V1, V2, V3 is the most posterior part?{{c1::V1}}
Published	09/12/2024	Which area V1, V2, V3 sends information to the visual association areas?{{c1::V1}}
Published	09/12/2024	Which areas V1, V2, V3 are the visual assocation areas?{{c1::V2, V3}}
Published	09/12/2024	Broadmann's {{c1::18}} and {{c1::19}} are also named {{c2::V2}} and {{c2::V3}} and also known as the {{c3::extrastriate visual}} cortex.
Published	09/12/2024	Outside the occipital lobe, the {{c1::ventral}} pathway to the {{c2::temporal}} lobe is for the perception of {{c3::"what"}} objects are.
Published	09/12/2024	Outside the occipital lobe, the {{c2::dorsal}} pathway to the {{c3::parietal}} lobe is for the perception of {{c1::"where"}} objects are.
Published	09/12/2024	Which area V1, V2, V3 is important for the perception of color?{{c1::V4 :)}}
Published	09/12/2024	{{c3::Ventral}} pathway reaches area {{c1::V4}}, while the {{c4::dorsal}} pathway reaches area {{c2::middle temporal (MT)}}.
Published	09/12/2024	What are the 3 important areas the ventral pathway lead to?1. {{c1::Lateral occipital complex}}2. {{c2::Fusiform face area}}3. {{c3::Parahip…
Published	09/12/2024	{{c1::Lateral occipital complex::LOC, FFA, or PPA}} area seems to recognize and respond to the {{c2::shapes}} of objects.
Published	09/12/2024	The {{c1::FFA::LOC, FFA, or PPA}} is for {{c2::face}} recognition
Published	09/12/2024	{{c1::PPA}} is for houses, landmarks, and indoor/outdoor scenes.
Published	09/12/2024	{{c1::Anterior choroidal}} artery supplies the optic {{c2::tract}}, so when lesioned, would cause {{c3::contralateral homonymous hemianopia}}.
Published	09/12/2024	When patients report complete loss of visual perception but still can indicate the direction of movement, it is called {{c1::blindsight}}.Bonus: why c…
Published	09/12/2024	Damage to the ventral area {{c1::V4}} produces {{c2::achromatopsia}}.
Published	09/12/2024	Damage to the {{c1::ventral temporal}} cortex will cause {{c2::visual agnosia}}.
Published	09/12/2024	Lesions of the {{c1::fusiforma face area}} can recognize {{c3::objects}} but not {{c3::faces}}, and is called {{c2::prosopagnosia}}
Published	09/12/2024	{{c1::Visual neglect}} is produced by damage to the posterior {{c2::parietal}} cortex, while {{c3::motion blindness}} is produced by a lesion to the a…
Published	09/12/2024	What is the inability to reach for an object in space under visual guidance or point to a target called?{{c1::Optic ataxia}}
Published	09/12/2024	What is difficulty in directing the gaze towards an object through saccades called?{{c1::Ocular apraxia}}
Published	09/12/2024	What is the inability to perceive more than one object in the visual field simultaneously called?{{c1::Simultanagnosia}}
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