Notes in G22 Early Development I

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Published	11/02/2024	Ovulation typically occurs {{c1::14}} days after the last menstrual period (LMP)
Published	11/02/2024	Fertilization typically occurs {{c1::14 +/- 1}} days into the menstrual cycle
Published	11/02/2024	The typical length of a pregnancy according to gestational age is {{c1::40}} weeks, but according to fetal age it is {{c1::38}} weeks
Published	11/02/2024	PeriodTimeline in developmentCharacteristics pre-embryonic period{{c1::weeks 1-2}}{{c1::differentiation of embryonic …
Published	11/02/2024	Sex cells have {{c1::23}} chromosomes.
Published	11/02/2024	Somatic cells have {{c1::46}} chromosomes.
Published	11/02/2024	Female sex cells are {{c1::secondary oocytes}} and male sex cells are {{c1::sperm}}.
Published	11/02/2024	what is released during ovulation
Published	11/02/2024	Fertilization of the secondary oocyte forms the unicellular {{c1::zygote}}
Published	11/02/2024	The saccharide-derived protective coat adhered to the secondary oocyte is called the {{c1::zona pellucida}}
Published	11/02/2024	Fertilizing sperm have the ability to penetrate the zona pellucida of the secondary oocyte owing to the {{c1::digestive enzymes of their acrosomes}}
Published	11/02/2024	A zygote has {{c1::46}} chromosomes.
Published	11/02/2024	If the secondary oocyte is not fertilized following ovulation, it is {{c1::shed during menstruation}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::Cleavage}} refers to the rapid cell division of the zygote along orthogonal planes
Published	11/02/2024	Zygote cleavage produces {{c1::blastomeres}} along two orthogonal planes
Published	11/02/2024	How many cells are in the morula?{{c1::16-60}}
Published	11/02/2024	The morula typically forms on day {{c1::3}} of embryonic development
Published	11/02/2024	On day {{c1::4}} of embryological development, the morula enter the uterine cavity and forms the {{c1::blastocyst}}
Published	11/02/2024	The trophoblast gives rise to {{c1::the placenta and extraembryonic tissues}} while the embryoblast gives rise to the {{c1::intraembryonic}} tissues
Published	11/02/2024	what is another name for the inner cell mass
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Published	11/02/2024	when does implantation occur and how
Published	11/02/2024	The blastocyst preferentially implants on the {{c1::posterior}} wall of the {{c1::uterus proper}}
Published	11/02/2024	how does implantation occur at the cellular level
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::Ectopic implantation}} refers to when a blastocyst implants outside of the uterus. Bonus: what is the most common location of this phe…
Published	11/02/2024	The trophoblast divides into the syncytiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast on day {{c1::8}} of embryological development
Published	11/02/2024	The trophoblast can be divided into the inner {{c1::cytotrophoblast}} and outer {{c1::syncytiotrophoblast}}
Published	11/02/2024	The syncytiotrophoblast is a {{c1::multinucleate }}mass responsible for secreting {{c1::hCG}} to {{c1::maintain the endrometrium}}
Published	11/02/2024	when are home pregnancy tests able to detect pregnancy
Published	11/02/2024	hCG acts as a LH analog to promote the survival of the {{c1::endometrium}} and the continue secretion of {{c1::progesterone and estrogen}}
Published	11/02/2024	On day {{c1::8}} of embryonic development, both the trophoblast and bilaminar embryonic disc form
Published	11/02/2024	The bilaminar embryonic disc consists of the {{c1::epiblast}} and the {{c1::hypoblast}}
Published	11/02/2024	what are the cavities formed by the bilaminar embryonic disc
Published	11/02/2024	the wall of the amniotic cavity is known as the
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Published	11/02/2024	what is the extraembryonic tissue that surrounds the cytotrophoblast and envelops the yolk sac and amnion
Published	11/02/2024	what does the amniotic sac consist of
Published	11/02/2024	what is the purpose of the amniotic sac
Published	11/02/2024	The yolk sac is an extension of the {{c1::hypo}}blast and functions to supply the embryo with {{c1::nutrition, proteins, hemoglobin, etc}}
Published	11/02/2024	what are the chorion and chorionic cavity
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Published	11/02/2024	Gastrulation begins in week {{c1::3}} of embryological development
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Published	11/02/2024	The first germ layer to form during the formation of the gastrula is the {{c1::endo}}derm
Published	11/02/2024	The primary germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm) are first formed in a process called {{c1::gastrulation}} in which cells of the {{c1::…
Published	11/02/2024	what is the mesoderm referred to in the gastrula
Published	11/02/2024	what is formed at the onset of week 3 of embryonic development
Published	11/02/2024	what types of tissues are each of the primary germ layers
Published	11/02/2024	what does the ectoderm form
Published	11/02/2024	what does the mesoderm form
Published	11/02/2024	The kidneys are {{c1::meso}}dermal in origin
Published	11/02/2024	At the ventral surface of the embryonic trilaminar disc at each end are depressions called the {{c1::oropharyngeal membrane (mouth opening)}} and the …
Published	11/02/2024	What dermal layers compose the oropharyngeal and cloaca membranes?{{c1::the endoderm and the ectoderm only}}
Published	11/02/2024	What mesodermal structure facilitates neurulation?{{c1::the notochord}}
Published	11/02/2024	Neurulation (formation of the {{c1::neuroectoderm}}/{{c1::neural plate}}) occurs on day {{c1::17}} of embryological development in response to biomole…
Published	11/02/2024	The neural groove begins to form on day {{c1::18}} of embryonic development
Published	11/02/2024	The lateral margins of the neural groove are called neural {{c1::folds}} and give rise to {{c1::neural crest cells}}
Published	11/02/2024	Neural tube closure is typically complete by week {{c1::4}} of embryonic development with the closing of the {{c1::cranial}} portion
Published	11/02/2024	Incomplete neural tube closure can manifest in {{c1::anecephaly}} and/or {{c1::spina bifidia}}. It is most commonly caused by {{c1::folate (B9)}} defi…
Published	11/02/2024	Neural crest derivatives can be remembered with the mneumonic {{c1::Great Pirates Paint Bold Art}}{{c1::PNS Ganglia}}{{c1::Parts of the heart}}{{c1::P…
Published	11/02/2024	Intraembryonic mesoderm differentiates into three parallel adjacent columns on day {{c1::19}} of embryological development
Published	11/02/2024	From medial to lateral, what are the three columns of the mesoderm that form adjacent to the neural tube?{{c1:: PILparaxialintermediatelateral plate -…
Published	11/02/2024	what is the paraxial mesoderm
Published	11/02/2024	what do somites differentiate into
Published	11/02/2024	The intermediate mesoderm gives rise primarily to structures of the {{c1::GU}} system
Published	11/02/2024	what does the lateral plate give rise to
Published	11/02/2024	what is the space between the somatic and splanchnic mesoderms? what does it become?
Published	11/02/2024	Embryonic folding occurs about the {{c1::median}} and {{c1::transverse}} planes in week {{c1::4}} of embryonic development
Published	11/02/2024	what embryonic folding occurs in the median plane
Published	11/02/2024	craniocaudal folding of the embryo moves what structures where
Published	11/02/2024	what is transverse embryonic folding
Published	11/02/2024	During development: a. The foregut begins at the {{c1::oropharyngeal membrane}}. b. The hindgut terminates at the {{c1::cloacal membrane}}. c. Th…
Published	11/02/2024	embryonic folding occurs within
Published	11/02/2024	The primitive body cavity that forms between the gut tube and body wall is called the {{c1::intraembryonic coelom}}
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Published	11/02/2024	General timeline of initial embryonic events:{{c1::day 1}}: zygote formation and fertilization{{c1::day 2}}: blastomere cleavage{{c1::day 3}}: morula …
Published	11/02/2024	what is another term for the gastrula
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