Notes in 05OtherBodyFluidMicro

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	07/30/2024	CSF Tube {{c1::3}} should not contain any {{c2::contaminating}} cells
Published	07/30/2024	CSF specimen collection tubes: Tube 1: {{c1::Chemistry serology}}Tube 2: {{c1::Microbiolgy}}Tube 3: {{c1::Hematology*}}
Published	07/30/2024	CSF physical examination may be performed on tube {{c1::3}}
Published	07/30/2024	Color of normal CSF{{c1::clear and colorless}}
Published	07/30/2024	If all CSF tubes are bloody and the supernatant appears pink/yellow/brown, then the likely cause is {{c1::hemorrhage}}
Published	07/30/2024	If CSF tube 3 is less boody than CSF tube 1 and the supernatant appears {{c2::clear}}, then the likely cause is {{c1::traumat…
Published	07/30/2024	CSF color {{c1::Cloudy}}: Proteins, microbes{{c1::Bloody}}: RBCs{{c1::Xanthochromic}}: RBC degradation
Published	07/30/2024	Normal CSF protein:{{c1::15–45}} mg/dL
Published	07/30/2024	What protein is found only in the CSF?{{c1::Tau transferrin protein}}
Published	07/30/2024	Elevated CSF protein may be due to BBB damage* or {{c1::multiple sclerosis}}
Published	07/30/2024	Decreased CSF protein may be due to CSF leakage and {{c1::trauma}}
Published	07/30/2024	Normal CSF lactate:{{c1::<25}} mg/dL
Published	07/30/2024	Elevated CSF lactate may be due to {{c1::hypoxia}}
Published	07/30/2024	CSF glutamine >{{c1::35}} mg/dL may disrupt consiciousness
Published	07/30/2024	CSF glutamine is measured to determine levels of {{c1::ammonia}} in CSF
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::Viral}} meningitis from CSF analysis WBCs: {{c1::lymphocytes}}Protein: {{c1::↑}}Glucose: {{c1::normal}}Lactate: {{c1::normal}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::Tucercular}} meningitis from CSF analysis WBCs: {{c1::lymphocytes, monocytes}}Protein: {{c1::↑}}Glucose: {{c1::↓}}Lactate: {{c1::↑}} + {{…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::Fungal}} meningitis from CSF analysis WBCs: {{c1::lymphocytes, monocytes}}Protein: {{c1::↑}}Glucose: {{c1::normal–↓}}Lactate: {{c1::↑}}
Published	07/30/2024	CSF RBCs and WBCs lyse within {{c1::1 hour}}
Published	07/30/2024	Macrophages in CSF indicate presence of {{c1::RBCs}}
Published	07/30/2024	Nonpathologic cells* in CSF are commonly due to {{c1::diagnostic prodecures}} and are seen as clusters with {{c2::distinct}} nuclei and cell…
Published	07/30/2024	Malignant cells in CSF are seen as clusters with {{c1::fused}} nuclei and cell walls
Published	07/30/2024	C. neoformans produces a {{c1::starbust}} pattern when Gram stained
Published	07/30/2024	Normal volume of peritoneal fluid{{c1::50–100}} mL
Published	07/30/2024	Normal volume of pleural fluid{{c1::10}} mL
Published	07/30/2024	Normal volume of pericardial fluid{{c1::25}} mL
Published	07/30/2024	Normal cells found in serous fluids include mesothelial cells, {{c1::lymphocytes}}, and {{c2::macrophages and monocytes}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Exudative}} effusion is closer to serum in chemical composition
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::Exudative}} effusions must one of the following crieria:Fluid-to-serum {{c3::protein}} ratio{{c1::>0.5}}Fluid-to-serum {{c3::LDH}} ra…
Published	07/30/2024	Pleural fluid from malignant mesothelioma is viscous due to {{c1::hyaluronic acid}}
Published	07/30/2024	Chylous pleural effusion is milky due to increased {{c1::triglyceride}} content
Published	07/30/2024	Pseudochylous pleural effusion (e.g., chronic infection) appears milky due to increased {{c1::cholesterol}} content
Published	07/30/2024	Neutrophils in pleural fluid may be due to concomitant {{c1::pancreatitis}} (due to proximity)
Published	07/30/2024	Eosinophils in pleural fluid may be due to concomitant {{c1::pneumothorax}}
Published	07/30/2024	Mesothelial cells in pleural fluid are decreased in cases of {{c1::tuberculosis}}
Published	07/30/2024	Plasma cells in pleural fluid may be due to concomitant {{c1::tuberculosis}}
Published	07/30/2024	Pleural fluid with pH {{c2::<7.0}} indicates {{c1::exudative effusion}}
Published	07/30/2024	Pleural fluid with pH {{c2::<6.0}} indicates {{c1::esophageal rupture}}
Published	07/30/2024	Blood-streaked pericardial fluid may indicate {{c1::malignancy}}
Published	07/30/2024	Transudative peritoneal fluid have a serum-to-fluid albumin gradient of {{c1::≥1.1}}
Published	07/30/2024	Transudative and exudative peritoneal effusion is differentiated using the serum-to-fluid {{c1::albumin gradient}}
Published	07/30/2024	Normal peritoneal fluid WBC count{{c1::<350/μL}}
Published	07/30/2024	peritoneal fluid neutrophil count of {{c1::>250/μL}} is indicative of peritonitis
Published	07/30/2024	Tumor marker for ovarian cancer{{c1::CA125}}
Published	07/30/2024	Peritoneal fluid have elevated amylase in cases of pancreatitis or {{c1::GI perforation}}
Published	07/30/2024	Peritoneal fluid have elevated {{c1::alkaline phosphatase}} in cases intestinal perforation
Published	07/30/2024	Peritoneal fluid have elevated BUN and creatinine in cases of {{c1::bladder rupture}}
Published	07/30/2024	Normal total CSF volume Adult: {{c1::140–170 mL}}Neonate: {{c1::10–60 mL}}
Published	07/30/2024	CSF specimen storage by tube Tube 1: {{c1::Frozen}}Tube 2: {{c1::Room Temp.}}Tube 3: {{c1::Refrigerated}}
Published	07/30/2024	If only one CSF tube can be collected (e.g., hard-stick), itmust be tested first by {{c1::microbiology}}
Published	07/30/2024	CSF WBC cell count require lysis of RBCs using {{c1::3% glacial acetic acid}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Exudative}} effusions are directly and immediately addressed
Published	07/30/2024	Decreased levels of CSF glucose may indicate {{c1::damage to transport of glucose across the BBB}} or increased used of glucose by the brain
Published	07/30/2024	CSF Glucose should be compared with blood glucose samples taken approximately {{c1::2 hours::time}} before the spinal tap
Published	07/30/2024	CSF Cell counts are performed using {{c1::Neubauer counting chamber}}
Published	07/30/2024	Normal rate of CSF production:{{c1::20 mL/hr}}
Published	07/30/2024	Lumbar puncture is performed between {{c1::L3}} and {{c1::L5}}*bonus: use what landmark
Published	07/30/2024	Normal CSF glucose{{c1::60–70}}% of {{c1::blood}} glucose*(READ EXTRA)
Published	07/30/2024	Normal CSF glutamine:{{c1::8–18}} mg/dL
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::Bacterial}} meningitis from CSF analysis WBCs: {{c1::neutrophils}}Protein: {{c1::↑↑}}Glucose: {{c1::↓↓}}Lactate: {{c1::↑↑}}
Published	07/30/2024	Normal adult CSF WBC count:{{c1::0–5}} WBC/μL
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Hematoidin}} crystals are iron-free products of RBC degeneration. they consist of Hb and unconjugated bilirubin
Published	07/30/2024	Presence of plasma cells in CSF may indicate {{c1::multiple sclerosis}}
Published	07/30/2024	Transudate pleural fluid have <{{c1::45–60}} mg/dL cholesterol
Published	07/30/2024	Transudate pleural fluid have <{{c1::0.3}} fluid-to-serum cholesterol ratio
Published	07/30/2024	Transudate pleural fluid have <{{c1::0.6}} fluid-to-serum bilirubin ratio
Status	Last Update	Fields