Notes in PER712 - midterm

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Published	05/10/2024	Why do we classify disease?
Published	05/10/2024	2018 AAP/EEP classification of periodontal diseases & conditions (3)
Published	05/10/2024	AAP classification of "periodontal health, gingival diseases, & conditions" includes: (3)
Published	05/10/2024	AAP classification of "periodontitis" includes: (3)
Published	05/10/2024	AAP classification of "developmental & acquired deformities & conditions affecting periodontium" includes: (4)
Published	05/10/2024	Clinical gingival health can be seen in: (3)
Published	05/10/2024	Clinical gingival health & gingival health in an intact periodontium:1) BOP sites?2) color?3) contour?4) consistency?5) texture?
Published	05/10/2024	Gingivitis:1) BOP sites?2) color?3) contour?4) consistency?5) texture?
Published	05/10/2024	2 major forms of periodontal disease
Published	05/10/2024	Define gingivitis (2)
Published	05/10/2024	Define periodontitis (2)
Published	05/10/2024	What is the key difference btw gingivitis & periodontitis?
Published	05/10/2024	What is the primary etiology of gingivitis & periodontitis?
Published	05/10/2024	Gingivitis - dental biofilm induced (3)
Published	05/10/2024	What are systemic or local risk factors that can cause gingivitis that is induced by dental biofilm? (3)
Published	05/10/2024	Experimental gingivitis - day 0, health1) collagen fibers?2) vasculature?3) immune cells?4) gingival epithelium?5) sulcular epithelium?6) junctional e…
Published	05/10/2024	Experimental gingivitis - day 2-4, initial lesion1) collagen fibers?2) vasculature?3) immune cells?4) gingival epithelium?5) sulcular epithelium?6) ju…
Published	05/10/2024	Experimental gingivitis - day 5-7, early lesion1) collagen fibers?2) vasculature?3) immune cells?4) gingival epithelium?5) sulcular epithelium?6) junc…
Published	05/10/2024	Experimental gingivitis - day 14-21, established lesion1) collagen fibers?2) vasculature?3) immune cells?4) gingival epithelium?5) sulcular epithelium…
Published	05/10/2024	Progression from health to periodontitis (4)
Published	05/10/2024	What is the basic lesion of periodontitis?
Published	05/10/2024	What are the different forms of periodontitis? (3)
Published	05/10/2024	What are the different stages of periodontitis based on?- what are the different stages?
Published	05/10/2024	Extent & distribution of periodontitis (3)
Published	05/10/2024	What is molar-incisor distribution?
Published	05/10/2024	What are the different grades of periodontitis based on?- what are the different grades?
Published	05/10/2024	Periodontitis: stage I1) interdental CAL (at site of greatest loss)2) severity - RBL3) severity - tooth loss (due to periodontitis)4) BOP?5) complexit…
Published	05/10/2024	Periodontitis: stage II1) interdental CAL (at site of greatest loss)2) severity - RBL3) severity - tooth loss (due to periodontitis)4) BOP?5) complexi…
Published	05/10/2024	Periodontitis: stage III1) interdental CAL (at site of greatest loss)2) severity - RBL3) severity - tooth loss (due to periodontitis)4) BOP?5) complex…
Published	05/10/2024	Periodontitis: stage IV1) interdental CAL (at site of greatest loss)2) severity - RBL3) severity - tooth loss (due to periodontitis)4) complexity - lo…
Published	05/10/2024	For periodontitis grading, what should be used as the primary criteria?- what could be used when not available?
Published	05/10/2024	For periodontitis grading, what are grade modifiers?
Published	05/10/2024	Grade A: __ rate1) radiographic bone loss or CAL (direct evidence)2) % bone loss/age (indirect evidence)3) case phenotype4) risk factors
Published	05/10/2024	Grade B: __ rate1) radiographic bone loss or CAL (direct evidence)2) % bone loss/age (indirect evidence)3) case phenotype4) risk factors
Published	05/10/2024	Grade C: __ rate1) radiographic bone loss or CAL (direct evidence)2) % bone loss/age (indirect evidence)3) case phenotype4) risk factors
Published	05/10/2024	1999 vs 2018 classification:1) slight periodontitis =2) moderate chronic periodontitis =3) severe chronic periodontitis =4) localized aggressive perio…
Published	05/10/2024	Key points from 1999/2015 classification regarding aggressive periodontitis1) when does it occur?2) how does it affects families?3) what may it be ass…
Published	05/10/2024	3 steps to staging & grading a patient
Published	05/10/2024	Step 1: initial case overview to assess disease1) what are you screening for?2) mild to moderate periodontitis will typically be either stage _ or _3)…
Published	05/10/2024	Step 2: establish stage - for mild to moderate periodontitis (typically stage I or II)what are the steps?
Published	05/10/2024	What are examples of non-periodontitis causes of CAL? (3)
Published	05/10/2024	Step 2: establish stage - for moderate to severe periodontitis (typically stage III or IV)what are the steps? (4)
Published	05/10/2024	What are examples of case complexity factors? (2)
Published	05/10/2024	Step 3: establish gradewhat are the steps? (6)
Published	05/10/2024	Healthy periodontium:1) BOP?2) PD?3) CAL?4) RBL?5) suggested treatment?
Published	05/10/2024	Gingivitis-dental biofilm induced:1) BOP?2) PD?3) CAL?4) RBL?5) suggested treatment?
Published	05/10/2024	Suggested treatment for periodontitis stage I (3)
Published	05/10/2024	Suggested treatment for periodontitis stage II (4)
Published	05/10/2024	Suggested treatment for periodontitis stage III & IV (4)
Published	05/10/2024	What are the different periodontitis patients? (3)
Published	05/10/2024	What are the different conditions (systemic diseases) associated w/ loss of periodontal supporting tissue? & what mutation causes them? (6)
Published	05/10/2024	How are systemic diseases associated w/ loss of periodontal supporting tissues inherited?- what do theses genes affect? (2)
Published	05/10/2024	What occurs in leukocyte adhesion deficiency?
Published	05/10/2024	Papillon-Lefevre:1) what are the clinical symptoms? (2)2) how is it inherited?3) what gene mutation causes it?
Published	05/10/2024	What is the etiology of Papillon-Lefevre? (5)
Published	05/10/2024	Necrotizing periodontal diseases (2)1) symptoms? (3)2) what are they associated with? (4)
Published	05/10/2024	When do periodontal abscesses occur?
Published	05/10/2024	Tooth & prosthesis related factors that affect periodontium (4)
Published	05/10/2024	Define iatrogenic1) what are examples of iatrogenic dental procedures? (2)2) what is usually violated?
Published	05/10/2024	Mucogingival deformities & conditions that affect periodontium (3)
Published	05/10/2024	What are the different classification systems for gingival recession?
Published	05/10/2024	Cario classification - recession type 1 (RT1) (2)
Published	05/10/2024	Cario classification - recession type 2 (RT2) (2)
Published	05/10/2024	Where is interproximal attachment loss measured from?- where is buccal attachment loss measured from?
Published	05/10/2024	Cario classification - recession type 3 (RT3)
Published	05/10/2024	What miller classes are the following Cairo recession types (RT) similar to:1) RT12) RT23) RT3
Published	05/10/2024	Periodontal phenotype:1) what is it?2) what did it replace?3) what are the 2 periodontal phenotypes?
Published	05/10/2024	What are the different classifications of root surface concavities (/CEJ)? (4)
Published	05/10/2024	What causes gingival enlargement? (2)
Published	05/10/2024	What drugs can cause drug-induced gingival enlargement? (3)
Published	05/10/2024	What are gingival diseases that are non-dental biofilm induced?
Published	05/10/2024	What is candidiasis often associated with? (3)
Published	05/10/2024	Which traumatic occlusal forces are associated with periodontitis?
Published	05/10/2024	What are the different classifications of peri-implant diseases & conditions? (4)
Published	05/10/2024	Per-implant health (2)
Published	05/10/2024	Peri-implant mucositis
Published	05/10/2024	Peri-implantitis
Published	05/10/2024	Most microbial infections are treated w/ antibiotics; caries & periodontal diseases are microbial infections but aren't (usually) treated w/ antibioti…
Published	05/10/2024	___ disrupts the biofilm1) what predominately re-colonizes?2) how long does it take for biofilm to re-establish itself?
Published	05/10/2024	Subgingival instrumentation:1) SRP reduces # of bacteria by __2) how long does recolonization take? how long are pathogens reduced for?
Published	05/10/2024	In all subjects, plaque biofilms associated w/ teeth elicit gingival inflammation but it is not associated w/ _______- why?
Published	05/10/2024	Microbial biofilm is therefore necessary, but not sufficient to cause periodontitis, you need a ___ ___
Published	05/10/2024	Oral microbiota is __ __1) how many species live in mouth?2) many of them cannot be ___
Published	05/10/2024	Periodontal diseases are associated with increased numbers of ___ ___
Published	05/10/2024	Healthy sites of periodontium:1) how many isolates?2) what bacteria is mostly present?3) what bacteria is also present? %?
Published	05/10/2024	Is there more streptococci present in periodontitis patient or healthy patient?
Published	05/10/2024	Periodontally diseased sites:1) how many isolates?2) what is increased? (3)
Published	05/10/2024	How many bacteria may be on a single tooth?- why are teeth so attractive to bacteria?
Published	05/10/2024	How long has it been known that there are different bacteria associated w/ health & disease?
Published	05/10/2024	After no oral hygiene is performed, what bacteria will be present & in what order? (4)
Published	05/10/2024	What is very clear about microbial biofilms & periodontal tissues?- what is still not clear?
Published	05/10/2024	Compared with health, gingivitis is associated w/ increased numbers of?1) compared w/ gingivitis, periodontitis is associated w/ increased numbers of?…
Published	05/10/2024	What gram + cocci are associated w/ periodontal health?- what are their oxygen requirements?
Published	05/10/2024	What gram + rods are associated w/ gingivitis?
Published	05/10/2024	What gram - bacteria are associated w/ tissue destruction in periodontitis?1) what are their oxygen requirements?2) what are they called?
Published	05/10/2024	Treponema denticola1) morphology?2) where is found in large numbers?3) what is it strongly associated with?
Published	05/10/2024	How many Treponema species & other unknown spirochete species were found in a subgingival plaque?
Published	05/10/2024	Porphyromonas gingivalis1) morphology?2) who has very few or no Porphyromonas gingivalis?3) what do most patients have?4) what is it strongly associat…
Published	05/10/2024	Tanneralla forsythia1) morphology?2) what is it strongly associated with?
Published	05/10/2024	Aggregatibacter actinomycetemocomitans1) gram + or -?2) morphology?3) what is it strongly associated with?4) what do some strains produce?
Published	05/10/2024	What is localized aggressive periodontitis (LAP) called now?
Published	05/10/2024	In one study, what % of LAP patients were colonized w/ Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans?1) what % of healthy adults?2) what % of A. actinomycetem…
Published	05/10/2024	What is necessary for periodontal disease to occur?
Published	05/10/2024	Summary of selected virulence factors (7)
Published	05/10/2024	After SRP, the amount of different subgingival species is ___, but the proportions ___
Published	05/10/2024	Thera are many different key pathogens that can help cause periodontitis; but the host must also be ___
Published	05/10/2024	Are there many of the same bacteria in gingivitis & periodontitis?
Published	05/10/2024	Bottom line - problems (3)
Published	05/10/2024	Bottom line - however (3)
Published	05/10/2024	3 stages of biofilm formation
Published	05/10/2024	Biofilms:1) what is not random?2) what happens to bacterial genes? why?
Published	05/10/2024	What is quorum sensing?- what will molecules involved in quorum sensing switch on?
Published	05/10/2024	Bacteria deep in the biofilm are ___ & how do they communicate?
Published	05/10/2024	What are diseases associated w/ biofilms? (6)
Published	05/10/2024	What is the order of microbes that attach to the tooth surface to form a plaque biofilm? (3)
Published	05/10/2024	What are the steps of plaque formation? (6)
Published	05/10/2024	Why is concept of biofilm important?
Published	05/10/2024	Future strategies to combat biofilms? (4)
Published	05/10/2024	How/why does periodontitis occur? (3)
Published	05/10/2024	What is the periodontitis lesion characterized by? (3)
Published	05/10/2024	In a complex biofilm, how many bacterial species are presence?- what species predominate in gingivitis & periodontitis?
Published	05/10/2024	Where are bacteria in the periodontitis confined to?
Published	05/10/2024	What does the gingival CT of established gingivitis or periodontitis lesion contain a decreased amount of?1) what it is replaced by?2) what is the dom…
Published	05/10/2024	Why are PMNs & macrophages in gingival CT?
Published	05/10/2024	How are PMNs & macrophages recruited to gingival CT? (6)
Published	05/10/2024	Complement activation includes: (4)
Published	05/10/2024	What are toll like receptors?- where are they found? (4)
Published	05/10/2024	What do TLRs bind to on gram + & gram - bacteria?
Published	05/10/2024	What cells secrete chemokines? (4)
Published	05/10/2024	What is fMet-Leu-Phe (FMLP), C5a, & leukotrienes?
Published	05/10/2024	What is C5a?
Published	05/10/2024	Acute vs chronic inflammation- what is inflammation followed by?
Published	05/10/2024	How can healing occur?
Published	05/10/2024	What if chronic inflammation persists?
Published	05/10/2024	What is the host inflammatory response successful in?1) what does it not do?2) why?
Published	05/10/2024	What are components of the innate immune system? (5)
Published	05/10/2024	What do acute phase response proteins do?
Published	05/10/2024	What do PMNs secrete? (5)
Published	05/10/2024	What cytokines do macrophages secrete? (5)
Published	05/10/2024	What are components of the adaptive immune system? (3)
Published	05/10/2024	Result of innate & adaptive immunity (2)
Published	05/10/2024	What do inflammatory cytokines, IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-17, & TNF-alpha cause an increase in production of?
Published	05/10/2024	What does RANKL bind to?1) what does this cause an increase of?2) what is the decoy receptor?3) what is most important in these interactions?4) what w…
Published	05/10/2024	What are each of the T cells activated by/inhibit:1) TH12) TH23) TH174) Treg
Published	05/10/2024	Why is TH17 especially important for periodontitis?
Published	05/10/2024	TH17 secretes: (5)
Published	05/10/2024	Hyperinflammatory phenotype =
Published	05/10/2024	Pro-inflammatory cytokines (5)
Published	05/10/2024	Anti-inflammatory cytokines (4)
Published	05/10/2024	Describe the stable periodontium (3)
Published	05/10/2024	Describe active disease of periodontium (5)
Published	05/10/2024	Evidence for protection model (3)
Published	05/10/2024	Evidence for hyperinflammatory model (3)
Published	05/10/2024	Evidence for hyperinflammation model cont. (3)
Published	05/10/2024	Evidence for hyperinflammation model cont.... (2)
Published	05/10/2024	What is associated w/ periodontitis, diabetes, & CVD?1) what increases w/ increased IL-1 beta & TNF alpha?2) what is insulin resistance directly relat…
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