Notes in 3- Essential Pharma

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Published	02/10/2024	Intercellular communication occurs through chemical signals (e.g. hormone, neurotransmitters) released from one cell that produce a response only in t…
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Signal transduction}} is the process of turning a chemical signal into an appropriate response.This could be changes in: (depending on the recep…
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Hydrophobic/Lipophilic}} signalling molecules can dissolve through the lipid bilayer of the plasma membranes and bind to intracellular receptors…
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Hydrophilic/Lipophobic}} signalling molecules have to bind to receptors on the cell surface to create an intracellular response.Four types of ce…
Published	02/10/2024	G protein coupled receptors are the biggest class of cell surface receptors, they may couple to:1- {{c1::Ion channels}} (affects membrane po…
Published	02/10/2024	Explain the coupling of G protein to adenylyl cyclase
Published	02/10/2024	Explain the coupling of G protein to phospholipase C (PLC)
Published	02/10/2024	Sources of Ca2+ - IP3 or Ca2+-stimulated release from internal stores e.g. ER (in other cells) / SR (in skeletal cells)- Outside o…
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Pharmacology}} - the study of the way living systems are affected by chemical agents.Includes: Endogenous agents made by the body i.e. horm…
Published	02/10/2024	A {{c1::drug}} is any chemical agent that affects a biological system.Sources:– Natural products from plants – Synthetic drugs generated by pharmaceut…
Published	02/10/2024	A {{c1::receptor}} is a binding site that a drug interacts with to go into action.Examples:– Cell surface receptors e.g. b-adrenergic receptors – Intr…
Published	02/10/2024	Drug-receptor interactions:Number of receptors on/in a cell is limited:Small amount of ligand → small responseLarge amount of ligand → larger response…
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Affinity}} is determined by the strength of the chemical attraction between a drug and a receptor.EC50 is {{c2::inversely proportional…
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Efficacy}} is determined by how good the drug is at activating the receptor.
Published	02/10/2024	The size of response to a drug depends on drug {{c1::affinity}} and {{c1::efficacy}}.
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Agonists}} mimic the normal effect of a receptor.{{c1::Antagonists}} block the normal action of a receptor
Published	02/10/2024	What will the agonist concentration response curve look like in the presence of a competitive antagonist?
Published	02/10/2024	• One transmitter may act on several receptor subtypes – e.g. adrenaline – the endogenous agonist activates all adrenoceptors, a1, a2, b1, b2 - the “m…
Published	02/10/2024	Propranolol and Salbutamol.What's the difference?
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