Notes in Consolidatie van renale fysiologie

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Published	01/04/2025	Welk van de volgende oplossingen zal , wanneer toegediend via IV infuus, resulteren in ⬆ extracellulair vloeistof volume, ⬇️ intracellulair vloeistof v…
Published	01/04/2025	Partial obstruction of a major vein draining a tissue would tend to __________ lymph flow rate, __________ interstitial fluid hydrostatic press…
Published	01/04/2025	A 36-year-old woman reports headaches and frequent urination. Laboratory values reveal the following in formation.  Urine specific gravity = 1.0…
Published	01/04/2025	After receiving a kidney transplant, a patient has severe hypertension (170/110 mm Hg). A renal arteriogram indicates severe renal artery stenosis …
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Published	01/04/2025	Which of the following tends to decrease potassium secretion by the cortical collecting tubule?
Published	01/04/2025	Because the usual rate of phosphate filtration exceeds the transport maximum for phosphate reabsorption, which statement is true?
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Published	01/04/2025	What is the net urea reabsorption rate?
Published	01/04/2025	If a patient has a creatinine clearance of 90 ml/min, a urine flow rate of 1 ml/min, a plasma K+ concen tration of 4 mEq/L, and a urine K+ concentrat…
Published	01/04/2025	Given the following measurements, calculate the fil tration fraction: Glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure (PG) = 70 mm Hg Bowman’s space hyd…
Published	01/04/2025	. In normal kidneys, which of the following is true of the osmolarity of renal tubular fluid that flows through the early distal tubule in the regi…
Published	01/04/2025	Which of the following changes would be expected in a patient with diabetes insipidus due to a lack of ADH secretion
Published	01/04/2025	A 26-year-old woman recently decided to adopt a healthier diet and eat more fruits and vegetables. As a result, her potassium intake increased from …
Published	01/04/2025	When the dietary intake of K+ increases, body K+ balance is maintained by an increase in K+ excretion primarily by which of the following?
Published	01/04/2025	Which of the following would cause the greatest decrease in GFR in a person with otherwise normal kidneys?
Published	01/04/2025	An 8-year-old boy is brought to your o ce with extreme swelling of the abdomen. His parents indicate that he had a very sore throat a “month or so” …
Published	01/04/2025	. A patient with severe hypertension (blood pressure 185/110 mm Hg) is referred to you. A renal magnetic resonance imaging scan shows a tumor in th…
Published	01/04/2025	. The clinical laboratory returned the following values for arterial blood taken from a patient: plasma pH = 7.28, plasma HCO3 = 32 mEq/L, and plasm…
Published	01/04/2025	What is his approximate GFR, assuming that he collected all of his urine in the 24-hour period?
Published	01/04/2025	Which of the following options best describes his acid-base disorder?
Published	01/04/2025	In this patient, which of the following laboratory results would be expected, compared with normal?
Published	01/04/2025	What would cause the greatest degree of hyperkalemia?
Published	01/04/2025	. Which of the following changes would be expected in a patient with Liddle’s syndrome (i.e., excessive activity of amiloride-sensitive sodium chan…
Published	01/04/2025	A patient is referred for treatment of hypertension. After testing, you discover that he has a very high level of plasma aldosterone, and your diagn…
Published	01/04/2025	A patient with renal disease had a plasma creatinine of 2 mg/dl during an examination 6 months ago. You note that his blood pressure has increased a…
Published	01/04/2025	Which change tends to increase GFR?
Published	01/04/2025	. Which of the following changes, compared with nor mal, would you expect to find 3 weeks after a patient ingested a toxin that caused sustained imp…
Published	01/04/2025	e maximum clearance rate possible for a substance that is totally cleared from the plasma is equal to which of the following?
Published	01/04/2025	A patient has the following laboratory values: arterial pH = 7.13, plasma HCO3 = 15 mEq/L, plasma chloride concentration = 118 mEq/L, arterial P CO2 …
Published	01/04/2025	e GFR of a 26-year-old man with glomerulonephri tis decreases by 50% and remains at that level. For which substance would you expect to find the grea…
Published	01/04/2025	Which changes would you expect to find after admin istering a vasodilator drug that caused a 50% decrease in afferent arteriolar resistance and no ch…
Published	01/04/2025	If the average hydrostatic pressure in the glomerular cap illaries is 50 mm Hg, the hydrostatic pressure in the Bow man’s space is 12 mm Hg, the avera…
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Published	01/04/2025	If distal tubule fluid creatinine concentration is 5 mg/100 ml and plasma creatinine concentration is 1.0 mg/100 ml, what is the approximate percen…
Published	01/04/2025	. Which change tends to increase peritubular capillary fluid reabsorption
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Published	01/04/2025	An adrenal tumor that causes excess aldosterone secre tion would tend to __________ plasma K+ concentration, __________ plasma pH, __________ renin s…
Published	01/04/2025	Which of the following tends to increase potassium secretion by the cortical collecting tubule?
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Published	01/04/2025	A 62-year-old woman has previously had a unila teral nephrectomy after diagnosis of renal carcinoma. Her GFR (estimated from creatinine clearance) i…
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Published	01/04/2025	A 48-year-old woman reports severe polyuria (produc ing about 0.5 liter of urine each hour) and polydipsia (drinking two to three glasses of water ev…
Published	01/04/2025	. Which substance is filtered most readily by the glomerular capillaries?
Published	01/04/2025	A 22-year-old woman runs a 10-kilometer race on a hot day and becomes dehydrated. Assuming that her ADH levels are very high and that her kidneys ar…
Published	01/04/2025	Furosemide (Lasix) is a diuretic that also produces natriuresis. Which of the following is an undesirable side e ect of furosemide due to its site o…
Published	01/04/2025	A female patient has unexplained severe hypernatre mia (plasma Na+ = 167 mmol/L) and reports frequent urination and large urine volumes. A urine spec…
Published	01/04/2025	Which change would you expect to find in a dehydrat ed person deprived of water for 24 hours?
Published	01/04/2025	Juvenile (type 1) diabetes mellitus is often diagnosed because of polyuria (high urine flow) and polydipsia (frequent drinking) that occur because o…
Published	01/04/2025	Which of the following would cause the most serious hypokalemia?
Published	01/04/2025	A 26-year-old woman reports that she has had a se vere migraine and has taken six times more than the recommended dose of aspirin for the past 3 days…
Published	01/04/2025	Under conditions of normal renal function, what is true of the concentration of urea in tubular fluid at the end of the proximal tubule?
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Published	01/04/2025	Which change, compared with normal, would be expected to occur, under steady-state conditions, in a patient whose severe renal disease has re duced …
Published	01/04/2025	Which of the following would likely lead to hypona tremia?
Published	01/04/2025	Assuming steady-state conditions and that water and electrolyte intake remained constant, a 75% loss of nephrons and a 75% decrease in GFR due to ch…
Published	01/04/2025	Which statement is correct?
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Published	01/04/2025	Which substances are best suited to measure intersti tial fluid volume?
Published	01/04/2025	Long-term administration of furosemide (Lasix) would do what?
Published	01/04/2025	A patient with normal lungs who has uncontrolled type 1 diabetes and a plasma glucose concentration of 400 mg/100 ml (normal 100 mg/100 ml) would be…
Published	01/04/2025	Which of the following would be expected to cause a decrease in extracellular fluid potassium concentra tion (hypokalemia) at least in part by stimul…
Published	01/04/2025	If a person has a kidney transport maximum for glu cose of 350 mg/min, a GFR of 100 ml/min, a plasma glucose level of 150 mg/dl, a urine flow rate of…
Published	01/04/2025	Which diuretic inhibits Na+-2Cl-K+ co-transport in the loop of Henle as its primary action?
Published	01/04/2025	A selective decrease in efferent arteriolar resistance would __________ glomerular hydrostatic pressure, __________ GFR, and __________ renal blood …
Published	01/04/2025	The above figure shows the concentration of inulin at different points along the renal tubule, expressed as the tubular fluid/plasma ratio of …
Published	01/04/2025	. A patient with renal tubular acidosis would be expect ed to have which set of blood values
Published	01/04/2025	A patient reports that he is always thirsty, and his breath has an acetone smell. You suspect that he has diabetes mellitus, and that diagnosis is c…
Published	01/04/2025	e principal cells in the cortical collecting tubules
Published	01/04/2025	A patient has a GFR of 100 ml/min, her urine flow rate is 2.0 ml/min, and her plasma glucose concentration is 200 mg/100 ml. If the kidney transport…
Published	01/04/2025	Which changes would you expect to find in a newly diagnosed 10-year-old patient with type 1 diabetes and uncontrolled hyperglycemia (plasma glucose …
Published	01/04/2025	What is this patient’s approximate GFR, assum ing that she collected all her urine in the 24-hour period?
Published	01/04/2025	What is the net renal tubular reabsorption rate of potassium in this patient?
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