Notes in 2. Lower Limb

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	02/10/2024	The hip bone is composed of 3 separate bones:{{c1::Ilium}} ‒ {{c1::Ischium}} ‒ {{c1::Pubis}}
Published	02/10/2024	Identifya. {{c1::ASIS}}b. {{c1::Iliac crest}}c. {{c1::Iliac fossa}}
Published	02/10/2024	Identifyd. {{c1::Pubic crest}}e. {{c1::Pubic tubercle}}f. {{c1::Obturator foramen}}
Published	02/10/2024	Identifyg. {{c1::Acetabular cavity}}h. {{c1::Ischial spine}}i. {{c1::Ischial tuberosity}}
Published	02/10/2024	Identifya. {{c1::Neck of femur}}b. {{c1::Lesser trochanter}}c. {{c1::Lateral condyle of femur}}
Published	02/10/2024	Identifyd. {{c1::Greater trochanter}}e. {{c1::Medial condyle of femur}}f. {{c1::Head of femur}}g. {{c1::Intertrochanteric line}}
Published	02/10/2024	The two hemi-pelvises articulate in the midline at the {{c1::pubic symphysis}}
Published	02/10/2024	The two superficial veins of the leg are the {{c1::great saphenous}} vein and {{c1::lesser saphenous}} vein
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Published	02/10/2024	Which superficial vein ascends anterior to the {{c2::medial}} malleolus of the tibia? {{c1::Great saphenous}} vein
Published	02/10/2024	Which superficial vein ascends posterior to the {{c2::lateral}} malleolus of the fibula? {{c1::Small saphenous}} vein
Published	02/10/2024	Which superficial vein empties into the {{c2::femoral}} vein? {{c1::Great saphenous}} vein
Published	02/10/2024	Which superficial vein empties into the {{c2::popliteal}} vein? {{c1::Small saphenous}} vein
Published	02/10/2024	If varicose veins show up on the calf muscle then they are affecting the {{c1::small saphenous}} vein
Published	02/10/2024	The lymphatics in the lower limb drain into 3 groups of nodes: {{c1::Superficial Inguinal}}{{c1::Deep Inguinal}}{{c1::Popliteal}}
Published	02/10/2024	Enlargement of the {{c2::inguinal}} lymph nodes can be caused by infection to any structure lying {{c1::inferior}} to the level of the umbilicus, incl…
Published	02/10/2024	The region supplied by the {{c1::lumbar}} plexus is shown in purple and the {{c1::sacral}} plexus in green.
Published	02/10/2024	The anterior of the knee is commonly supplied by the {{c1::L3}} dermatome
Published	02/10/2024	The {{c2::big}} toe is commonly supplied by the {{c1::L5}} dermatome
Published	02/10/2024	The {{c2::little}} toe is supplied by the {{c1::S1}} dermatome.
Published	02/10/2024	What is the acetabular labrum? A {{c1::fibrocartilaginous}} collar that {{c1::deepens}} the acetabulum
Published	02/10/2024	The {{c1::iliofemoral}} ligament prevents {{c2::hyperextension}} of the hip joint
Published	02/10/2024	The {{c1::pubofemoral}} ligament prevents {{c2::hyperabduction}} of the hip joint
Published	02/10/2024	Identify1. {{c1::Iliofemoral}} ligament2. {{c1::Pubofemoral}} ligament3. {{c1::Ischiofemoral}} ligament
Published	02/10/2024	Identify:1. {{c1::Iliacus}}2. {{c1::Psoas major}}3. {{c1::Pectineus}}
Published	02/10/2024	Muscles involved in {{c1::flexion}} of the hip are {{c2::Iliacus}}, {{c2::Psoas major}}, and {{c2::Pectineus}}
Published	02/10/2024	The {{c2::iliacus}} and {{c2::psoas major}} attach onto the {{c1::lesser trochanter}} of the femur
Published	02/10/2024	Muscles involved in {{c1::extension}} of the hip are {{c2::Gluteus maximus}}, {{c2::Hamstrings (Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus, Biceps femoris)}}, an…
Published	02/10/2024	Muscles involved in {{c2::adduction}} of the hip are {{c1::Adductor brevis}}, {{c1::Adductor longus}}, {{c1::Adductor magnus}}, {{c1::Gracilis}}, and …
Published	02/10/2024	Muscles involved in {{c2::abduction}} of the hip are{{c1::Gluteus medius}}, {{c1::Gluteus minimus}}, {{c1::Piriformis}}, {{c1::Tensor fascia lata}}
Published	02/10/2024	Identify 1. {{c1::Gluteus medius}}  2. {{c1::Gluteus minimus}}  3. {{c1::Piriformis}}
Published	02/10/2024	{{c2::Gluteus medius}} and {{c2::Gluteus minimus}} are hip abductors that attach onto the {{c1::greater trochanter}} of the femur
Published	02/10/2024	Muscles involved in {{c1::external/lateral}} rotation of the hip are{{c2::Gluteus maximus}}, {{c2::Piriformis}}, {{c2::Obturator externus/internus}}, …
Published	02/10/2024	Muscles involved in {{c1::internal/medial}} rotation of the hip are{{c2::Gluteus medius}}, {{c2::Gluteus minimus}}, {{c2::Tensor Fascia Lata…
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Published	02/10/2024	Muscles involved in {{c2::flexion}} of the hip and {{c2::extension}} of the knee{{c1::Rectus femoris}}, {{c1::Vastus lateralis}}, {{c1::Vastus Interme…
Published	02/10/2024	The {{c1::patellar}} ligament attaches to the {{c2::tibial tuberosity}}
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Pes anserinus ''goose's foot''}} is the name of a group of muscles located on the medial aspect of the tibia, formed by:SGT (Muscles) ‒ {{c…
Published	02/10/2024	The three actions of {{c2::Sartorius ''Tailor''}} are:{{c1::Flexion}}, {{c1::Abduction}}, {{c1::Lateral rotation}}
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Published	02/10/2024	What are the 3 major structures present in the femoral triangle?VAN ‒ {{c1::Femoral vein}}, {{c1::Femoral artery}}, {{c1::Femoral nerve}}
Published	02/10/2024	The {{c2::medial}} boundary of the femoral triangle is the {{c1::adductor longus}} muscle
Published	02/10/2024	The {{c2::lateral}} boundary is the {{c1::sartorius}} muscle.
Published	02/10/2024	Which structure forms the base of the femoral triangle? {{c1::Inguinal ligament}}
Published	02/10/2024	Which muscles form the vast proportion of the floor of the femoral triangle1.  {{c1::Pectineus}} 2.  {{c1::Adductor longus}}
Published	02/10/2024	The {{c1::femoral}} artery begins at the inguinal ligament as a continuation of the {{c2::external iliac}} artery
Published	02/10/2024	The {{c1::femoral}} vein is the continuation of the {{c1::popliteal}} vein, and passes proximally entering the femoral triangle and becoming the {{c1:…
Published	02/10/2024	The {{c1::Adductor Canal (Subsartorial canal, Hunter’s canal)}} is a fascial sheath located deep in the musculature of the adductor compartment of the…
Published	02/10/2024	The root value of the {{c1::Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh}} is {{c2::L2-L3}}
Published	02/10/2024	The root value of both the {{c1::femoral}} nerve and {{c1::obturator}} nerve is {{c2::L2-L4}}
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Published	02/10/2024	The {{c1::greater}} sciatic foramen is the route for structures entering or leaving the {{c2::pelvis}}
Published	02/10/2024	The {{c1::lesser}} sciatic foramen is the route for structures entering or leaving the {{c2::perineum}}
Published	02/10/2024	Innervation of the {{c1::gluteus maximus}} is by the {{c2::inferior gluteal (L5-S2)}} nerve
Published	02/10/2024	Innervation of the {{c1::gluteus medius}}, {{c1::gluteus medius}}, and {{c1::tensor fascia lata}} is by the {{c2::superior gluteal (L4-S1)}} nerve
Published	02/10/2024	The two muscles that form the iliotibial tract and attach to the lateral aspect of the knee are{{c1::Gluteus maximus}} and {{c1::Tensor fascia lata}}
Published	02/10/2024	The root of the sacral plexus is {{c1::L4-S4}}
Published	02/10/2024	The root value of the {{c1::Sciatic}} nerve is {{c2::L4-S3}}
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Published	02/10/2024	The {{c1::L5}} vertebrae is the most common origin of Sciatica
Published	02/10/2024	Muscles involved in {{c2::extension}} of the hip and {{c2::flexion}} of the knee{{c1::Semimembranosus}}, {{c1::Semitendinosus}}, {{c1::Biceps femoris}…
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Profunda femoris}} is a branch of the femoral artery that supplies blood to the posterior muscle compartment
Published	02/10/2024	Identify:1. {{c1::Patella}}2. {{c1::Fibula}}3. {{c1::Tibia}}4. {{c1::Femur}}
Published	02/10/2024	Identify:a. {{c1::Medial Femoral condyle}}b. {{c1::Lateral Femoral condyle}}c. {{c1::Lateral Tibial Condyle}}d. {{c1::Medial Tibial Condyle}}e. {{c1::…
Published	02/10/2024	Identify:1. {{c1::Fibular (Lateral) collateral}} ligament2. {{c1::Tibial (Medial) collateral}} ligament3. {{c1::Anterior cruciate (ACL)…
Published	02/10/2024	The {{c1::lateral collateral (LCL)}} ligament extends from the {{c2::lateral epicondyle}} of the femur to the lateral surface of the {{c2::h…
Published	02/10/2024	The {{c1::medial collateral (MCL)}} ligament extends from the {{c2::medial epicondyle}} of the femur to the medial surface of the tibia, with an …
Published	02/10/2024	Why is the attachment of the MCL to the medial meniscus clinically important?  It is a primary {{c1::static stabiliser}} of the knee
Published	02/10/2024	The {{c1::anterior cruciate (ACL)}} ligament prevents the femur from sliding {{c2::posterior}} on the tibia.
Published	02/10/2024	The {{c1::posterior cruciate (PCL)}} ligament prevents the femur from sliding {{c2::anterior}} on the tibia.
Published	02/10/2024	The {{c1::popliteus}} muscle helps release the fully extended or “locked” knee.
Published	02/10/2024	The {{c1::menisci}} are crescent shaped plates of fibrocartilage directly on the articular surface of the tibia.
Published	02/10/2024	Identify:1. {{c1::Medial meniscus}}2. {{c1::Lateral meniscus}}3. {{c1::Anterior cruciate ligament}}4. {{c1::Posterior cruciate ligament}}
Published	02/10/2024	Function of Menisci of the Knee{{c1::Stability of articulation}}, {{c1::distribution of axial load}}, {{c1::absorption of shock}}, provides {{c1::lubr…
Published	02/10/2024	The patella is the largest sesamoid bone in the body, acting as an anchor point for the {{c1::quadriceps tendon}} superiorly and {{c1::patellar ligame…
Published	02/10/2024	Identify:1. {{c1::Suprapatellar}} bursa2. {{c1::Subcutaneous Prepatellar}} bursa3. {{c1::Deep Infrapatellar}} bursa 4. {{c1::Subcutaneous Infrapa…
Published	02/10/2024	The {{c1::suprapatellar}} bursa of the knee communicates with the articular cavity which gives a chance of spread of infection there.
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Housemaid’s knee (pre-patellar bursitis)}} is inflammation and swelling in the prepatellar bursa
Published	02/10/2024	The {{c2::anterior}} thigh is innervated by {{c1::Femoral (L2-L4)}} nerve
Published	02/10/2024	The {{c2::medial}} thigh is innervated by {{c1::Obturator (L2-L4)}} nerve
Published	02/10/2024	The {{c2::posterior}} thigh is innervated by {{c1::Tibial}} nerve except short head of biceps femoris which is innervated by {{c1::Common fibular…
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Gluteus maximus}} is innervated by the {{c2::inferior gluteal (L5-S2)}} nerve {{c1::Gluteus medius}}, {{c1::Gluteus minimus}}, {{c1::Tensor…
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Published	02/10/2024	The superior/proximal tibio-fibular joint is a {{c1::plane}} type of synovial joint
Published	02/10/2024	The inferior/distal tibio-fibular joint is a {{c1::fibrous/syndesmosis}} type of synovial joint
Published	02/10/2024	Identify1. {{c1::Lateral}} compartment of the leg(Fibularis longus, Fibularis brevis)2. {{c1::Anterior}} compartment of the leg(Tibialis anterior, Ext…
Published	02/10/2024	The {{c1::tibia}} makes up the {{c2::medial}} malleolus
Published	02/10/2024	The {{c1::fibula}} makes up the {{c2::lateral}} malleolus
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Dorsiflexion}} is the movement of the ankle upwards
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Plantarflexion}} is the movement of the ankle downwards
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Eversion}} is the movement of the ankle laterally
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Inversion}} is the movement of the ankle medially
Published	02/10/2024	Identify: (Anterior Compartment of the Leg)1. {{c1::Tibialis anterior}}2. {{c1::Extensor digitorum longus}}3. {{c1::Extensor hallucis longus…
Published	02/10/2024	Muscles involved in {{c2::dorsiflexion}} of the ankle and {{c2::extension}} of the toes are{{c1::Tibialis anterior}}, {{c1::Extensor digitorum longus}…
Published	02/10/2024	The sciatic nerve divides into the {{c1::tibial}} nerve and the {{c1::common fibular}} nerve
Published	02/10/2024	The {{c1::popliteal}} artery divides into the {{c2::anterior tibial}} artery and the {{c2::posterior tibial}} artery
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Published	02/10/2024	Muscles involved in {{c2::eversion}} of the foot are{{c1::Fibularis longus}}, {{c1::Fibularis brevis}}, {{c1::Fibularis tertius}}
Published	02/10/2024	Damage to the {{c1::common fibular}} nerve (specifically the deep branch) causes {{c2::foot drop}}
Published	02/10/2024	The {{c2::lesser}} saphenous vein ascends on the {{c1::posterior}} aspect of the leg, and drains into the {{c1::popliteal}} vein
Published	02/10/2024	The {{c2::greater}} saphenous vein ascends on the {{c1::anterior}} aspect of the leg, and drains into the {{c1::femoral}} vein
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Published	02/10/2024	The {{c1::dorsalis pedis}} is the continuation of the {{c2::anterior}} tibial artery and is Location: Palpated between the {{c3::1st and 2nd metatarsa…
Published	02/10/2024	The posterior tibial pulse is palpated behind the {{c1::medial}} malleolus it is the continuation of the {{c2::posterior tibial}} artery. &n…
Published	02/10/2024	The ankle joint is a {{c1::hinge}} type of synovial joint.
Published	02/10/2024	The distal end of the tibia and fibula articulates with the superior part of the {{c1::talus}} bone.
Published	02/10/2024	The malleolar grip is strongest during {{c1::dorsiflexion}} movement of the ankle joint.
Published	02/10/2024	The ankle joint is unstable during {{c1::plantarflexion}} movement of the ankle joint.
Published	02/10/2024	Identify:1. {{c1::Deltoid (Tibionavicular)}}2. {{c1::Deltoid (Tibiocalcaneal)}}
Published	02/10/2024	Identify:3. {{c1::Posterior talofibular ligament (PTFL)}}4. {{c1::Anterior tibiofibular ligament}}
Published	02/10/2024	Identify:5. {{c1::Calcaneofibular ligament (CFL)}}6. {{c1::Anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL)}}
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL)}} is the weakest ligament of ankle joint
Published	02/10/2024	Which ligament of the ankle joint is named the deltoid ligament? {{c1::Medial ligament of talocrural joint}}
Published	02/10/2024	Muscles involved in {{c2::plantarflexion}} of the foot and {{c2::flexion}} of the toes{{c1::Gastrocnemius}}, {{c1::Plantaris}}, {{c1::Soleus}}, {{c1::…
Published	02/10/2024	Identify: (The Popliteal Fossa)1. {{c1::Biceps femoris}}2. {{c1::Semimembranosus}}3. {{c1::Semitendinosus}}
Published	02/10/2024	Identify: (The Popliteal Fossa)4. {{c1::Tibial nerve}}5. {{c1::Popliteal artery}}6. {{c1::Common fibular nerve}}
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Published	02/10/2024	Identify: (Deep Muscles of Posterior Leg)1. {{c1::Popliteus}}2. {{c1::Flexor hallucis longus}}3. {{c1::Tibialis posterior}}4. {{c1::Flexor digitorum l…
Published	02/10/2024	Muscles that go into the 'door of the foot' known as the Tarsal Tunnel are{{c1::Tom ‒ Tibialis posterior}}{{c1::Dick ‒ Flexor digi…
Published	02/10/2024	Which nerve and vessel accompany (Tom, Dick, Harry) muscle tendons through the ‘door to the foot’? 1.   {{c1::Tibial}} nerve &nbsp…
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Published	02/10/2024	Identify:1. {{c1::Body of talus}}2. {{c1::Calcaneus}}3. {{c1::Navicular}}
Published	02/10/2024	Identify:4. {{c1::Cuboid}}5. {{c1::Medial, Intermediate, Lateral cuneiform}}6. {{c1::Metatarsals 1-5}}
Published	02/10/2024	The deep fascia of the foot is known as the {{c1::plantar fascia}}.
Published	02/10/2024	The {{c1::subtalar (talocalcaneal)::2}} joint is a {{c2::plane}} type of synovial joint
Published	02/10/2024	The {{c1::talonavicular::1}} joint is a {{c2::ball and socket}} type of synovial joint
Published	02/10/2024	The {{c1::talocalcaneal}} joint allows {{c2::eversion}} and {{c2::inversion}} movement of the foot
Published	02/10/2024	The {{c1::talonavicular}} joint allows {{c2::pivot from side to side}} movement of the foot
Published	02/10/2024	There are {{c1::three}} arches of the foot
Published	02/10/2024	{{c2::Passive}} factors that maintain the integrity of the arch of the foot:1)     {{c1::Shape of the united bones}} 2) &nbsp…
Published	02/10/2024	{{c2::Dynamic}} factors that maintain the integrity of the arch of the foot:1)     {{c1::Intrinsic muscles of the foot}} 2) &…
Published	02/10/2024	The {{c1::tibialis posterior}} muscle is the most important muscle in the maintenance of the {{c2::medial longitudinal}} arch of the foot
Published	02/10/2024	Clinical Arch Problems include {{c1::high arches (pes cavus)}} or {{c1::flat feet (pes planus)}}
Published	02/10/2024	Layer 1 of the Foot ‒ Immediately deep to the plantar fasciaFunction ‒ {{c1::Flexion}} of the toes and {{c1::Initiating first part of t…
Published	02/10/2024	Layer 2 of the Foot Function ‒ {{c1::Flexion}} of the toes
Published	02/10/2024	Layer 3 of the Foot ‒ Deep Intrinsic MusclesFunction ‒ {{c1::Adduction}} and {{c1::flexion}} of the toes
Published	02/10/2024	Layer 4 of the Foot ‒ Interossei MusclesFunction:{{c1::DAB ‒ Abduct the digits (Dorsal ABduct)}}{{c1::PAD ‒ Adduct the digits (Plantar ADuct)}}
Published	02/10/2024	The {{c1::medial plantar}} and {{c1::lateral plantar}} nerves are the two terminal branches of the tibial nerve
Published	02/10/2024	The {{c1::medial plantar}} and {{c1::lateral plantar}} arteries are the two terminal branches of the {{c2::posterior tibial}} artery
Published	02/10/2024	The {{c1::anterior}} leg and {{c1::anterior/dorsal}} foot are innervated by the {{c2::Deep fibular}} nerve
Published	02/10/2024	The {{c1::lateral}} leg is innervated by the {{c2::Superficial fibular}} nerve
Published	02/10/2024	The {{c1::posterior}} leg and {{c1::posterior/plantar}} foot are innervated by the {{c2::Tibial}} nerve
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