Notes in Anatomy Exam 1

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Published	01/15/2025	The {{c1::midsagittal}} plane divides the body into left and right halves.
Published	01/15/2025	The {{c1::coronal/frontal}} plane divides the body into anterior/posterior.
Published	01/15/2025	The {{c1::transverse/horizontal}} plane divides the body into superior and inferior.
Published	01/15/2025	The {{c1::pectoral}} region describes the chest.
Published	01/15/2025	The {{c1::cephalic}} region includes subregions within the head.
Published	01/15/2025	The {{c1::mental}} region describes the chin.
Published	01/15/2025	The {{c1::frontal}} region describes the front of the head (forehead).
Published	01/15/2025	The {{c1::occipital}} subregion describes the back of the head.
Published	01/15/2025	The {{c1::cervical}} region describes the neck (referred to as the cervix).
Published	01/15/2025	The {{c1::thoracic}} region describes the chest and includes pectoral, mammary, sternal, and axillary subregions.
Published	01/15/2025	The {{c1::mammary}} region describes the breasts (within the pectoral region).
Published	01/15/2025	The {{c1::sternal}} region is between the left and right pectoral regions.
Published	01/15/2025	The {{c1::axillary}} region describes the armpit.
Published	01/15/2025	The {{c1::abdominal}} region is located inferior to the diaphragm and superior to the pelvic brim of the hip bones.
Published	01/15/2025	The {{c1::pelvic}} region is located inferior to the abdominal region between the hip bones.
Published	01/15/2025	The {{c1::deltoid}} region describes the shoulders.
Published	01/15/2025	The {{c1::brachial}} region is the portion of the arm between the shoulders and the elbows.
Published	01/15/2025	The {{c1::antecubital}} region describes the elbow.
Published	01/15/2025	The {{c1::antebrachium}} region describes the forearm - between the elbow and wrist.
Published	01/15/2025	The {{c1::carpal}} region describes the wrist.
Published	01/15/2025	The hand is also referred to as the {{c1::manus}}.
Published	01/15/2025	The {{c1::palmar}} region describes the front side of the hand.
Published	01/15/2025	The {{c1::dorsum}} describes the back of the hand.
Published	01/15/2025	The {{c1::femoral}} region describes the thigh (from the hip to the knee).
Published	01/15/2025	The {{c1::patellar}} region describes the anterior (front) of knee.
Published	01/15/2025	The {{c1::popliteal}} region describes the posterior (back) of knee.
Published	01/15/2025	The {{c1::cural}} region is the leg from the knee to the ankle.
Published	01/15/2025	The foot is also referred to as the {{c1::pedal}} region.
Published	01/15/2025	The {{c1::plantar}} region is the sole (bottom) of the foot.
Published	01/15/2025	The {{c1::dorsum}} is the top of the foot.
Published	01/15/2025	The {{c1::cranial}} cavity contains the brain.
Published	01/15/2025	The {{c1::vertebral}} canal is the opening formed by the vertebral (spinal) column.
Published	01/15/2025	The {{c1::thoracic}} cavity is bounded inferiorly by the diaphragm and contains many other subregions.
Published	01/15/2025	The {{c1::mediastinum}} is the area between the lungs.
Published	01/15/2025	The {{c1::pericardial}} cavity is the area associated with the heart.
Published	01/15/2025	The {{c1::pleural}} cavities contain the lungs.
Published	01/15/2025	{{c1::Medial}} describes an area that is towards the midline of the body.
Published	01/15/2025	{{c1::Lateral}} describes an area that is away from the midline of the body.
Published	01/15/2025	{{c1::Deep}} describes a structure that is on the inside, internal to another structure.
Published	01/15/2025	{{c1::Superficial}} describes a structure that is on the outside, external to another structure.
Published	01/15/2025	{{c1::Anterior}} means in front of; towards the front of a surface.
Published	01/15/2025	{{c1::Posterior}} means in back of; toward the back of a surface.
Published	01/15/2025	{{c1::Cranial}} means at the head end.
Published	01/15/2025	{{c1::Rostral}} means towards the nose or mouth.
Published	01/15/2025	{{c1::Dorsal}} means towards the back side of the human body.
Published	01/15/2025	{{c1::Ventral}} means torward the belly side of the human body.
Published	01/15/2025	{{c1::Proximal}} means closest to the point of attachment to the trunk.
Published	01/15/2025	{{c1::Distal}} means furthest from the point of attachment to the trunk.
Published	01/15/2025	A group of similar cells in an extracellular matrix that perform a common function is referred to as a {{c1::tissue}}.
Published	01/15/2025	{{c1::Histology}} is the microscropic study of tissue.
Published	01/15/2025	Extracellular matrix surrounds the cells of a tissue and is comprised of {{c1::water, protein fibers, and dissolved molecules:: 3 things}}.
Published	01/15/2025	{{c1::Epithelium::Tissue Type?}} covers body and organ surfaces, lines body cavities, and forms exocrine glands.
Published	01/15/2025	{{c1::Connective}} tissue binds/supports/protects other tissues and organs.
Published	01/15/2025	{{c1::Muscle}} tissue moves body or moves organ walls; contracts.
Published	01/15/2025	{{c1::Nervous}} tissue controls activities, processes information.
Published	01/15/2025	The 5 characteristics of epithelia are: {{c1::cellularity, polarity, bound to underlying tissue by basement membrane, avascular, and high regener…
Published	01/15/2025	The {{c1::apical}} surface of epithelia is exposed to the outside of the environment, while the {{c1::basal}} surface of epithelia is closer…
Published	01/15/2025	{{c1::Avascularity}} means there are no blood vessels and that the tissue gets nutrients via {{c1::diffusion}}.
Published	01/15/2025	The epithelial tissue which lines air sacs of lungs and the lumen of blood vessels is {{c1::simple squamous epithelium}}.
Published	01/15/2025	The function of simple squamous epithelium is {{c1::diffusion and filtration}}.
Published	01/15/2025	This is a {{c1::squamous}} cell.
Published	01/15/2025	The {{c1::parietal}} layer of a serous membrane lines the interal surface of a body wall. The {{c1::visceral}} layer of a serous membrane co…
Published	01/15/2025	The {{c1::serous}} cavity is the potential space between the parietal and visceral layers.
Published	01/15/2025	The {{c1::parietal pericardium}} is the sace fromed around the heart, whereas the {{c1::visceral pericardium}} forms the hearts external sur…
Published	01/15/2025	The {{c1::visceral pleura}} covers the lung whereas the {{c1::parietal pleura}} lines the thoracic wall.
Published	01/15/2025	{{c1::Pleurisy}} is the name of a condition that is characterized by inflammation of the pleura. This causes less serous fluid to be produced and whit…
Published	01/15/2025	The {{c1::parietal peritoneum}} lines the abdominopelvic wall whereas the {{c1::visceral peritoneum}} covers the abdominal and pelvic organs…
Published	01/15/2025	A single layer of cells that are as tall as they are wide is referred to as {{c1::simple cuboidal epithelium}}.
Published	01/15/2025	The function of simple cuboidal epithelium is {{c1::secretion and absorption}}.
Published	01/15/2025	This slide shows {{c1::simple cuboidal}} epithelium.
Published	01/15/2025	This slide shows {{c1::simple columnar}} epithelium.
Published	01/15/2025	{{c1::Simple columnar}} epithelium is characterized by tall cells.
Published	01/15/2025	Simple columnar epithelial cells are most oftend found in the {{c1::gastrointestinal tract}}.
Published	01/16/2025	The plasma membrane contains carbohydrates that participate in cell-cell recognition referred to as {{c1::Glycocalyx}}.
Published	01/16/2025	The {{c1::rough}} ER synthesizes and distributes proteins for the plasma membrane and export, while the {{c1::smooth}} ER synthesizes lipids…
Published	01/16/2025	This structure shows a {{c1::lysosome}}.
Published	01/16/2025	{{c1::Tay Sachs}} disease is a result of missing or dysfunctional lysosomal enzymes.
Published	01/16/2025	This structure depicts the {{c1::golgi apparatus}}.
Published	01/16/2025	When the cell is not dividing, DNA is in the form of {{c1::chromatin}}.
Published	01/16/2025	The {{c1::nucleolus}} is a subunit of the nucleus that makes the subunits of the ribosomes.
Published	01/16/2025	The mitotic phase includes both {{c1::mitosis}} and {{c1::cytokinesis}}.
Published	01/16/2025	The cleavage furrow forms during {{c1::telophase::phase of mitosis?}}.
Published	01/16/2025	During {{c1::anaphase::phase of mitosis?}} the spindle fibers split apart sister chromatids at the centromere.
Published	01/16/2025	During {{c1::metaphase::phase of mitosis?}} the chromosomes align along the equatorial plate of the cell.
Published	01/16/2025	The two phases of the cell cycle are {{c1::interphase}} and the {{c1::mitotic phase}}.
Published	01/16/2025	{{c1::Mitosis}} is cell division for somatic cells.
Published	01/16/2025	This microscopic image shows a {{c1::centriole}}.
Published	01/16/2025	This electron microscope image shows the {{c1::Rough ER}}.
Published	01/17/2025	In {{c1::stratified squamous epithelium::Tissue type?}}, the superficial layers of cells are flattened, and deeper layers of cells are cuboidal.&…
Published	01/17/2025	{{c1::Exocrine glands}} are formed from epithelial tissue and they secrete their materials onto a free surface
Published	01/17/2025	Goblet cells are {{c1::unicellular::unicellular or multicellular?}} and their function is to secrete mucus.
Published	01/17/2025	The three types of multicellular glands are {{c1::merocrine, apocrine, and holocrine}}.
Published	01/17/2025	The most common multicellular exocrine glands are {{c1::merocrine}} glands.
Published	01/17/2025	In {{c1::merocrine}} glands, the secretion passes from the cell and the cell remains intact.
Published	01/17/2025	Salivary, lacrimal (tear), and most sweat glands are all examples of {{c1::merocrine}} glands.
Published	01/17/2025	In {{c1::apocrine}} glands, the top part of the cell is pinched off which becomes the secretion. The cell repairs itself and remains functional.&…
Published	01/17/2025	Mammary glands are examples of {{c1::apocrine}} glands.
Published	01/17/2025	In {{c1::holocrine}} glands, the whole cell ruptures, dies, and becomes the secretion. The old cells are replaced by mitosis.
Published	01/17/2025	Sebacious glands are examples of {{c1::holocrine}} glands.
Published	01/17/2025	Connective tissue is derived from the {{c1::mesenchyme::embryonic layer?}}. It is typically {{c1::vascular::vascular or avascular?}}.
Published	01/17/2025	Connective tissue is composed of {{c1::cells, protein fibers, and ground substance::three things}}.
Published	01/17/2025	The two types of loose connective tissue are {{c1::areolar and adipose}}.
Published	01/17/2025	Areolar connective tissue is composed of {{c1::fibroblasts::cells?}}. It is {{c1::vascular::vascular or avascular?}}.
Published	01/17/2025	The function of {{c1::areolar}} connective tissue is packing and binding material, especially around organs.
Published	01/17/2025	Adipose (fat tissue) is composed of {{c1::adipocytes::cells?}}.
Published	01/17/2025	The function of {{c1::adipose/fat}} tissue is energy storage, insulation, protection, and support.
Published	01/17/2025	The two types of proper connective tissue are {{c1::loose connective tissue and dense connective tissue}}.
Published	01/17/2025	Dense irregular connective tissue is composed of {{c1::fibroblasts::cells?}} and has {{c1::good::good or poor?}} vascularity with collagen f…
Published	01/17/2025	This is {{c1::dense irregular connective}} tissue.
Published	01/17/2025	This is {{c1::dense regular connective}} tissue.
Published	01/17/2025	The function of {{c1::dense irregular connective}} tissue is to provide strength and support and withstand stress in many directions.&n…
Published	01/17/2025	Dense regular connective tissue is composed of {{c1::fibroblasts}} and has {{c1::poor::good or poor?}} vascularity with collagen fibers dens…
Published	01/17/2025	{{c1::Dense regular connective}} tissue provides strength and support and resists stress applied in one direction.
Published	01/17/2025	Cartilage is found in the {{c1::lacunae}} bones.
Published	01/17/2025	Cartilage is composed of {{c1::chondrocytes::cells?}}.
Published	01/17/2025	The 3 types of cartilage are: {{c1::hyaline cartilage, fibrocartilage, and elastic cartilage}}.
Published	01/17/2025	Cartialge is useually surrounded by {{c1::perichondrium}}.
Published	01/17/2025	Cartilage has a {{c1::semisolid::solid, semi-solid, fluid-like, gel-like?}} ground substance and is {{c1::avascular::vascular or avascular?}…
Published	01/17/2025	Mature bone cells are called {{c1::osteocytes}} and are found in spaces called {{c1::lacunae}}.
Published	01/17/2025	Bone has a {{c1::solid::solid, semi-solid, gel-like, or fluid?}} ground substance/matrix and is {{c1::vascular::avascular or vascular?}}.&nb…
Published	01/17/2025	Bone is surrounded by the {{c1::periostium}}.
Published	01/17/2025	Skeletal muscle is {{c1::multinucleated::uninucleated, binucleated, or multinucleated?}} and its function is to voluntarily move the skeleton.&nb…
Published	01/17/2025	Skeletal and cardiac muscle {{c1::are::are or are not?}} striated while smooth (visceral) muscle {{c1::is not:: is or is not?}} striated.&nb…
Published	01/17/2025	Cardiac muscle tissue has {{c1::1-2}} nuclei per cell.
Published	01/17/2025	Smooth muscle is {{c1::uninucleated::uninucleated, binucleated, or multinucleated?}} and moves material through the organs and blood vessels.&nbs…
Published	01/17/2025	Smooth muscle has {{c1::spindle-shaped::shape?}} cells, cardiac muscle has {{c1::branching::shape?}} cells, and skeleta muscle has {{c1…
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