Notes in Case 2: Osteoporosis

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	04/24/2024	Initially and transiently, PTH causes an increase in bone {{c1::formation}} by a direct action on {{c1::osteoblasts}}
Published	04/24/2024	After PTH binds to {{c1::osteoblasts}}, RANK-L is secreted which binds to RANK on {{c1::osteoclasts}}, increasing bone resorption
Published	04/24/2024	{{c2::Osteomalacia}} is due to impaired mineralization of {{c1::osteoid}}
Published	04/24/2024	Osteomalacia/rickets is characterized by {{c1::decreased}} serum Ca2+
Published	04/24/2024	Osteomalacia/rickets is characterized by {{c1::decreased}} serum PO43-
Published	04/24/2024	Osteomalacia/rickets is characterized by {{c1::increased}} serum PTH
Published	04/24/2024	Osteomalacia/rickets is characterized by {{c1::increased}} serum alkaline phosphatase
Published	04/24/2024	After age 30, slightly less than {{c1::1}}% of bone mass is lost each year
Published	04/24/2024	Osteoporosis is most commonly due to decreased {{c1::estrogen}} levels or increased {{c2::age}}
Published	04/24/2024	Osteoporosis is diagnosed by DEXA scan with a T-score of < {{c1::-2.5}} or a fragility fracture of the hip, rib, or vertebrae
Published	04/24/2024	Osteoporosis is characterized by {{c1::normal}} serum Ca2+
Published	04/24/2024	Osteoporosis is characterized by {{c1::normal}} serum PO43-
Published	04/24/2024	Osteoporosis is characterized by {{c1::normal}} serum PTH
Published	04/24/2024	Osteoporosis is characterized by {{c1::normal}} serum alkaline phosphatase
Published	04/24/2024	Both calcitriol and vitamin D can be used to prophylactically treat and mitigate symptoms of {{c1::osteoporosis}}
Published	04/24/2024	What endogenous protein that binds to RANKL released by osteoblasts does denosumab act like?{{c1::Osteoprotegerin}}
Published	04/24/2024	At {{c1::low, intermittent}} levels, {{c2::PTH}} exerts {{c3::anabolic}} effects on osteoblasts and osteoclasts
Published	04/24/2024	Estrogen deficiency leads to increased cycling of {{c2::bone remodeling and resorption}}, increasing risk of {{c1::osteoporosis}}
Published	04/24/2024	One risk factor for osteoporosis is {{c1::low}} body weight
Published	04/24/2024	Osteoporosis is diagnosed with a(n) {{c1::DEXA scan}} and most commonly presents initially with {{c1::vertebral body compression}} fracture(s)
Published	04/24/2024	Anorexia can lead to secondary {{c1::osteoporosis::MSK}}
Published	04/24/2024	Bone mineral density (DEXA) ≤ {{c2::-2.5::value}} at the lumbar spine, hip/femoral neck, or wrist* is {{c1::osteoporosis::condition}}
Published	04/24/2024	Osteoporosis is defined as a(n) {{c1::bone mineral density}} at least {{c1::2.5}} standard deviations below normal
Published	04/24/2024	What is the best initial therapy for osteoporosis?{{c1::Vitamin D, calcium, and bisphosphonates::3}}
Published	04/24/2024	Osteoporosis with palpable vertebral step-off and pinpoint tenderness = {{c1::compression fracture::diagnosis?}}
Published	04/24/2024	At what age should screening for osteoporosis be done in women:{{c1::≥ 65}}
Published	02/01/2024	because estrogen promotes osteocytes to make OPG, which will cover up RANKL on osteoblasts and prevent them from activating osteoclasts to break down …
Published	02/01/2024	Estrogen inhibits osteoclasts, makes bones stronger
Published	04/24/2024	{{c1::Osteocytes}} detect mechanical stress in bones and regulate bone remodeling
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