Notes in Pharm116-L03

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Published	09/15/2023	{{c1::Amyloidosis}}: extracellular depostition of normally soluble proteins in certain tissures in the form of insoluble fibrous aggregates ({{c1::amy…
Published	09/15/2023	{{c1::Alzheimer's disease (AD)}} is a neurodegenerative and terminal disease that accounts for most cases of dementia.
Published	09/15/2023	Alzheimer's disease affects ~{{c1::10}}% of the population over age {{c1::65}} and ~{{c1::50}}% of those over {{c1::85}}.
Published	09/15/2023	In Alzheimer's Disease, {{c2::Enzymes: Y-Secretase and B-Secretase}} cut {{c1::APP (amyloid precursor protein)}} into fragments.This results in format…
Published	09/15/2023	Amyloid Fibrils are {{c1::β Sheet}} structures with individal strands oriented {{c1::perpendicular}} to the fiber axis.
Published	09/15/2023	Transthyretin or TTR is a {{c1::Homo}}-tetrameric protein that is made by the {{c1::liver}} and also in the {{c1::brain}} and secreted in {{c1::blood}…
Published	09/16/2023	6848a63ca949421cacc63a5e0ba7d8fb-oa-1
Published	09/16/2023	6848a63ca949421cacc63a5e0ba7d8fb-oa-2
Published	09/15/2023	What does protective mutation in TTR do?
Published	09/15/2023	b32669fed0da43c897351d26276c37e2-oa-1
Published	09/16/2023	b32669fed0da43c897351d26276c37e2-oa-2
Published	09/15/2023	b32669fed0da43c897351d26276c37e2-oa-3
Published	09/16/2023	b32669fed0da43c897351d26276c37e2-oa-4
Published	09/15/2023	TTR Amyloidosis Inhibitor example: {{c1::Tafamidis (Vyndaqel; Pfizer)}}
Published	09/15/2023	Tafamidis is metabolized by {{c1::glucuronidation}}
Published	09/15/2023	(Explain the difference between these two)
Published	09/15/2023	Parkinson's Disease is associated with what protein.
Published	09/15/2023	Protein Therapeutics started since early {{c1::1980s}} (recombinant DNA technology). {{c1::Human insulin}} was the first recombinant human protein dru…
Published	09/15/2023
Published	09/15/2023	Protein Therapeutics Advantages:1. {{c1::High diversity}}2. {{c1::high specificity}}3. {{c1::lower toxicity}}4. {{c1::faster clinical development}}
Published	09/15/2023	Protein Therapeutics disadvantages:1. {{c1::Poor oral bioavailability}}2. {{c1::Short in vivo half-life (due to proteases and renal filtration)}}3. {{…
Published	09/15/2023	Describe what gets filtered and how many amino acids is considered a protein vs a peptide.
Published	09/15/2023	{{c1::Antibody (Ab) or Immunoglobulin (Ig)}} are large proteins produced by plasma cells. Used by immune system to identify and neutralize foreign obj…
Published	09/15/2023	(image of Ab) Describe it. :)
Published	09/16/2023	d3f055251b9d4e45afad1c9abb7fe47d-oa-1
Published	09/16/2023	d3f055251b9d4e45afad1c9abb7fe47d-oa-2
Published	09/15/2023	{{c1::Fc portion}} of IgG can interact with {{c1::FcRn}} expressed at the surface of several cell types.{{c1::Human Serum Albumin}} (HSA) can also int…
Published	09/15/2023	FcRn extends the serum half-life of IgG and albumin (~90% of serum protein content) from {{c1::1 day to up to several weeks}}.
Published	09/15/2023	Monoclonal Antibodies (mAb) have >500 approved or in clinical development and most are based on the structure of {{c1::immunoglobulin G (IgG)}}.
Published	09/15/2023	e192694fa70047b185029ecd8e6bfac8-oa-1
Published	09/15/2023	Explain
Published	09/15/2023	Explain
Published	09/15/2023	Limitations of antibody therapeutics: 1. {{c1::Very expensive}}2. {{c1::Limited to cell surface}}3. {{c1::Not orally available}}4. {{c1::Poor penetrat…
Published	09/15/2023	Antibody-Drug Conjugate (ADC) example is ado-trastuzumab emtansine (used for HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer)
Published	09/15/2023	What is the linker and how does an ADC work?
Published	09/16/2023	An example of Fc fusion protein is {{c1::Etanercept (used for rheumatoid arthritis)}}
Published	09/16/2023	(explain)
Published	09/16/2023	Example of Fab Fragment: {{c1::Certolizumab pegol (used for rheumatoid arthritis)}}
Published	09/16/2023	Explain use of PEG
Published	09/16/2023	Increase serum half-life of Proteins- {{c1::Fusion to the Fc region of mAb (Etanercept)}}- {{c1::Conjugation to PEG or Pegylation (Cerolizumab pegol)}…
Published	09/16/2023	What increase serum half-life of Peptides:1. {{c1::Conjugation to fatty acids (Liraglutide)}}2. {{c1::Change amino acid or cyclization (GnRH)}}3. {{c1…
Published	09/16/2023	(Explain the binding affinity of the Blue part and the red/black part of the molecule to TTR vs Membrane. Also explain the use of TTR)
Published	09/16/2023	8687d3c693644d59bc7c55679975a1a6-oa-1
Published	09/16/2023	ACE2 is enzyme on the cell membrane of cells in: {{c1::lungs, arteries, heart, kidney, and intestines}}.ACE2 lowers {{c1::blood pressure}} where as AC…
Published	09/16/2023	cc5e3b83b25740ce95abe8f57af8b834-oa-1
Published	09/16/2023	Name of the inhaler used to treat Covid-19: {{c1::AeroNabs}}.It does this by having a protein that binds to the {{c1::spike}} thus inactivating the vi…
Published	09/16/2023	Why does mAb need to be ~100% humanized?
Published	09/16/2023	Covid-19 infects the cell by having the spike protein attach to {{c1::ACE2 receptor}}.
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