Notes in 26 Musculoskeletal

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Published	12/13/2023	Hyperthermia is a {{c1::late}} sign of malignant hyperthermia
Published	12/13/2023	In Duchenne muscular dystrophy, destabilization of the cell membrane allows for {{c1::calcium}} influx and {{c1::potassium}} efflux.
Published	12/13/2023	{{c1::Trismus}} describes a tight jaw that can still be opened.
Published	12/13/2023	The {{c1::odontoid process}} is a protuberance of {{c2::C2 (axis)}} for articulation with C1 (atlas).
Published	12/13/2023	When deliberate hypotension is used as an anesthetic technique, a {{c1::arterial line}} should be inserted to titrate medications.
Published	12/13/2023	The severity of scoliosis is determined by the {{c1::Cobb}} angle.
Published	12/13/2023	Patients with idiopathic scoliosis have impaired development of pulmonary vasculature → {{c1::pulmonary hypertension}}.
Published	12/13/2023	What type of surgeries are associated with high risk of bleeding during spinal surgery?Correction of {{c1::scoliosis}}Involvement of {{c2::multiple le…
Published	12/13/2023	Is trismus an abnormal or normal response to succinylcholine?{{c1::Normal}}
Published	12/13/2023	Does myasthenia gravis involve proximal or distal muscle weakness?{{c1::Proximal}}
Published	12/13/2023	What patient population may have intensified symptoms of myasthenia gravis?{{c1::Pregnant woman}}
Published	12/13/2023	Do the IgG antibodies (anti-AChR) in myasthenia gravis cross the placenta?{{c1::Yes}}
Published	12/13/2023	How long do the symptoms of myasthenia gravis last in neonates (due to IgG from the mother)?{{c1::2-4 weeks}}
Published	12/13/2023	What surgery can be used to reduce circulating anti-AchR IgG in patients with myasthenia gravis?{{c1::Thymectomy}}
Published	12/13/2023	Which surgical approach to a thymectomy is associated with a higher risk of post-op respiratory failure in patients with myasthenia gravis?{{c1::Media…
Published	12/13/2023	Autonomic dysfunction in Eaton-Lambert syndrome can cause what cardiovascular effects?{{c1::Orthostatic hypotension}}
Published	12/13/2023	Autonomic dysfunction in Eaton-Lambert syndrome can cause what gastrointestinal effects?{{c1::slowed GI motility}}
Published	12/13/2023	Autonomic dysfunction in Eaton-Lambert syndrome can cause what genitourinary effects?{{c1::urinary retention}}
Published	12/13/2023	What drug can be used to treat Eaton-Lambert syndrome?{{c1::3, 4-diaminopyridine (DAP)}}
Published	12/13/2023	Do anticholinesterases work in treating Lambert-Eaton syndrome?{{c1::No}}
Published	12/13/2023	What paralytics are patients with Eaton-Lambert syndrome sensitive to?{{c1::Both nondepolarizers and succinylcholine}}
Published	12/13/2023	Patients with musculoskeletal diseases (e.g. Guillain-Barre syndrome) may develop {{c1::DVTs}} due to immobility.
Published	12/13/2023	Guillain-Barre syndrome causes {{c1::upregulation}} of postjunctional adrenergic receptors.
Published	12/13/2023	What are the two forms of familial periodic paralysis?{{c1::Hyperkalemic and hypokalemic}}
Published	12/13/2023	Familial periodic paralysis is a disorder of the {{c1::skeletal muscle membrane}}.
Published	12/13/2023	{{c1::Hypokalemic}} periodic paralysis is a {{c2::Ca2+}} channel myopathy.
Published	12/13/2023	{{c1::Hyperkalemic}} periodic paralysis is a {{c2::Na+}} channel myopathy.
Published	12/13/2023	Hypokalemic periodic paralysis is diagnosed by skeletal muscle weakness after {{c1::glucose-insulin infusion}}.
Published	12/13/2023	Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis is diagnosed by skeletal muscle weakness after {{c1::oral potassium}}.
Published	12/13/2023	What is the treatment for hypokalemic periodic paralysis?{{c1::Acetazolamide}}
Published	12/13/2023	What is the treatment for hyperkalemic periodic paralysis?{{c1::Acetazolamide}}
Published	12/13/2023	What alterations in vital signs should be avoided intraoperatively in patients with familial periodic paralysis?{{c1::Hypothermia}}
Published	12/13/2023	Succinylcholine is contraindicated in {{c1::hyperkalemic}} periodic paralylsis.
Published	12/13/2023	IV fluids with {{c1::glucose}} should be avoided in patients with hypokalemic periodic paralysis.
Published	12/13/2023	What are the gastrointestinal effects of Duchenne muscular dystrophy?{{c1::GI hypomotility → increased risk of aspiration}}
Published	12/13/2023	What is the most common rhythm for patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy?{{c1::Resting tachycardia}}
Published	12/13/2023	What is the effect of Duchenne muscular dystrophy on the PR interval?{{c1::shortened}}
Published	12/13/2023	What is the effect of Duchenne muscular dystrophy on the QRS complex?R-wave: {{c1::Increased R wave amplitude in lead I}}Q-wave: {{c2::deep Q wav…
Published	12/13/2023	What is the most common cause of scoliosis?{{c1::Idiopathic (80%)}}
Published	12/13/2023	What is the most common valvular diseasee that co-exists with scoliosis?{{c1::Mitral valve prolapse}}
Published	12/13/2023	Pressure on the iliac crest (e.g. prone position) may cause injury of the {{c1::lateral femoral cutaneous nerve}}.
Published	12/13/2023	What position is associated with a higher risk of DVTs?{{c1::Hip flexion}}
Published	12/13/2023	Scoliosis correction surgeries above T8 require {{c1::one-lung ventilation::anesthetic technique}}.
Published	12/13/2023	What is the most critical risk associated with deliberate hypotension?{{c1::Cerebral hypoperfusion}}
Published	12/13/2023	Can paralytics be used when somatosensory evoked potentials are monitored?{{c1::Yes}}
Published	12/13/2023	Rheumatoid arthritis causes weakneing of the {{c1::transverse axial ligament}}, which can cause atlantoaxial subluxation.
Published	12/13/2023	Atlantoaxial subluxation is diagnosed when the distance between the {{c1::anterior arch of the atlas}} and the {{c2::odontoid process}} is > 3 mm.&…
Published	12/13/2023	Patients with rheumatoid arthritis may experience {{c1::subaxial}} subluxation at C5-6.
Published	12/13/2023	Does rheumatoid arthritis cause obstructive or restrictive lung disease?{{c1::Restrictive}}
Published	12/13/2023	What type of valvular disease is caused by rheumatoid arthritis?{{c1::Aortic regurgitation}}
Published	12/13/2023	What are the renal effects of rheumatoid arthritis?{{c1::Renal insufficiency}}
Published	12/13/2023	What are the endocrine effects of rheumatoid arthritis?{{c1::adrenal insufficiency}}
Published	12/13/2023	Rheumatoid arthritis is associated with peripheral neuropathy due to {{c1::nerve entrapment}}.
Published	12/13/2023	Rheumatoid arthritis is associated with a {{c1::elevated}} ESR and CRP
Published	12/13/2023	Antirheumatic drugs used for rheumatoid arthritis {{c1::increases}} risk of infection and cancer.
Published	12/13/2023	How does cyclosporine affect succinylcholine?{{c1::Increased duration}}
Published	12/13/2023	What antirheumatic drug is associated with prolonged duration of succinylcholine?{{c1::Cyclosporine}}
Published	12/13/2023	Does SLE cause restrictive or obstructive pulmonary disease?{{c1::Restrictive}}
Published	12/13/2023	The drugs/conditions that exacerbate {{c1::SLE}} can be memorized with the mnemonic "Pissed Chimp". P: {{c9::Pregnancy}}I: InfectionS: SurgeryS: …
Published	12/13/2023	What antimalarial medication can be used to treat SLE?{{c1::Hydroxychloroquine}}
Published	12/13/2023	In Marfan syndrome, aortic dissection occurs secondary to {{c1::aortic root dilation}}.
Published	12/13/2023	What connective tissue disorder presents with pectus excavatum and kyphoscoliosis?{{c1::Marfan syndrome}}
Published	12/13/2023	Patients with Marfan syndrome are prone to spontaneous {{c1::pneumothorax}} during ventilation.
Published	12/13/2023	{{c2::Ehlers-Danlos}} syndrome is caused  by faulty {{c1::collagen}} synthesis.
Published	12/13/2023	The classic problem with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is {{c1::aneurysm}} rupture.
Published	12/13/2023	Patients with osteogenesis imperfecta have {{c1::decreased}} chest wall compliance.
Published	12/13/2023	Patients with osteogenesis imperfecta have {{c1::decreased}} lung volumes.
Published	12/13/2023	Osteogenesis imperfecta is characterized by increased serum {{c1::thyroxine}} in > 50% of patients.
Published	12/13/2023	Symptoms of multiple sclerosis such as bowel and bladder dysfunction are due to {{c1::autonomic}} instability.
Published	12/13/2023	Multiple sclerosis has a {{c1::hyperkalemia}} response to succinylcholine.
Published	12/13/2023	{{c1::Myotonic dystrophy}} occurs due to dysfunctional Ca2+ sequestration by the sacroplasmic reticulum.
Published	12/13/2023	Is scleroderma associated with hyper- or hypotension?{{c1::Hypertension}}
Published	12/13/2023	Patients with scleroderma have {{c1::dry}} eyes.
Published	12/13/2023	Patients with scleroderma may have neuropathy due to {{c1::nerve entrapment by tight connective tissue}}.
Published	12/13/2023	How does telangiectasias affect airway management?{{c1::Increased risk of mucosal bleeding}}
Published	12/13/2023	How does scleroderma affect airway management?{{c1::limited mouth opening}}
Published	12/13/2023	Paget's disease is caused by excessive {{c1::parathyroid}} hormone.
Published	12/13/2023	Paget's disease is caused by {{c1::calcitonin}} deficiency.
Published	12/13/2023	Does nerve entrapment occur in Paget's disease?{{c1::Yes}}
Published	12/13/2023	Does vasculitis occur in Paget's disease?{{c1::No}}
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