Notes in Week 3 Pharm

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	02/26/2025	Acute decompensated systolic heart failure:Fluid accumulation is {{c1::preload}}High blood pressue is {{c1::afterload}}Low cardiac output is {{c1::con…
Published	02/26/2025	Furosemide MOA: inhibits {{c1::Na+/K+/2Cl- (NKCC2)}} co-transporter on the {{c1::apical}} membrane of the thick {{c1::ascending loop of Henl…
Published	02/26/2025	Furosemide therapeutics:Heart failure with {{c1::volume overload}}{{c1::Edema}}{{c1::Hypercalcemia}}{{c1::Hypertension}}
Published	02/26/2025	Furosemide adverse effects:Electrolyte disorders:{{c1::Hypokalemia (↓K+)}}: Loops increase Na+ delivery to the cortical collection ducts, which is sub…
Published	03/11/2025	Empagliflozin MOA: Inhibits the {{c1::SGLT2 Na+/Glc}} cotransporterPrevents reabsorption of {{c1::glucose}} and {{c1::H2O}} in the proximal tubule&nbs…
Published	02/26/2025	Empagliflozin therapeutics:{{c1::Systolic}} heart failure{{c1::Weight loss}}Improves {{c1::BP}}Lower risk of {{c1::CVD, CHF, and CV::3}} death{{c1::Re…
Published	02/26/2025	Empagliflozin adverse effects:{{c1::UTIs}}{{c1::Genital yeast infections}}{{c1::Euglycemic DKA}}{{c1::Orthostatic hypotension}}
Published	02/26/2025	Spironolactone therapeutics:{{c1::Systolic and diastolic::2}} heart failure{{c1::Hyperaldosteronism}}{{c1::Hypertension}}
Published	02/26/2025	Spironolactone adverse effects:{{c1::Hyperkalemia}}: ↓ Na+ reabsorption in the cortical collecting ducts prevents K+ excretion leading to ↑ K+ levelsS…
Published	02/26/2025	Losartan MOA: {{c1::Angiotensin II type 1 receptor competitive antagonist}}↓ {{c1::Total peripheral resistance}} which ↓ {{c1::afterload}}Minor effect…
Published	02/26/2025	Losartan therapeutics:{{c1::Systolic}} heart failure{{c1::Heart failure post-acute coronary}} syndrome
Published	02/26/2025	Losartan adverse effects:{{c1::Hypotension}}{{c1::Hyperkalemia}}: diminishing {{c1::aldosterone}} release from adrenal cortex{{c1::Teratogenic}}: dama…
Published	02/26/2025	Lisinopril MOA: {{c1::ACE inhibitor}}↓ {{c1::Total peripheral resistance}} which ↓ {{c1::afterload}}Minor effect: ↓ {{c1::Salt and H2O retention}} whi…
Published	02/26/2025	Lisinopril therapeutics:{{c1::Systolic}} heart failure{{c1::Heart failure post-acute coronary}} syndrome
Published	02/26/2025	Lisinopril adverse effects:{{c1::Hypotension}}{{c1::Hyperkalemia}}: Diminishing {{c1::aldosterone}} release from the adrenal cortex{{c1::Teratogenic}}…
Published	02/26/2025	Isosorbide dinitrate MOA: {{c1::Nitrovasodilators release NO to promote vasodilation}}Primarily a {{c1::venodilator}} which ↓ {{c1::preload}}OA: Nitro…
Published	02/26/2025	Isosorbide dinitrate adverse effect:Excessive {{c1::hypotension}}
Published	02/26/2025	Hydralazine MOA: {{c1::Activates K+ channels in arteriole vascular smooth muscle}}{{c1::Arterial vasodilation}} which ↓ {{c1::afterload}}
Published	02/26/2025	Hydralazine therapeutics:{{c1::Systolic}} heart failure **Pregnancy-induced {{c1::hypertension}}{{c1::Hypertensive}} emergenciesResistant {{c1::hypert…
Published	02/26/2025	Hydralazine adverse effects:{{c1::Reflex RAAS}} activity with chronic use
Published	02/26/2025	Dobutamine MOA: {{c1::β1-AdR agonist}}Cardiomyocytes: ↑ {{c1::contractility}}SA node: ↑ {{c1::HR}}
Published	02/26/2025	Dobutamine therapeutics:Episodes of {{c1::acute}} heart failure i.e. {{c1::cardiogenic shock}}↑ {{c1::Cardiac output}} and ↑ {{c1::BP}}
Published	02/26/2025	Dobutamine adverse effects:{{c1::Hypertension}}{{c1::Angina}}{{c1::Arrhythmia}}{{c1::Tachycardia}}
Published	02/26/2025	Milrinone MOA: {{c1::Phosphodiesterase-3 (PDE3) reversible inhibitor}}↑ {{c1::cAMP}} levels → ↑ {{c1::β1-AdR}} signaling:↑ cardiomyocyte {{c1::contrac…
Published	02/26/2025	Milrinone therapeutics:{{c1::Acute}} heart failure
Published	02/26/2025	Milrinone adverse effects:Short-term use is relatively {{c1::safe}}{{c1::Hypotension}} or {{c1::arrhythmia}} are possible
Published	02/26/2025	Digoxin MOA: Cardiomyocyte Na+/K+ ATPase pump competitive inhibitor (cardiac glycoside)Diminishes {{c1::Na+ extrusion}} from the cell↑ {{c1::Ca2+}} st…
Published	02/26/2025	Digoxin therapeutics:{{c1::Systolic}} heart failureRate control of {{c1::atrial fibrillation}} and {{c1::atrial flutter}}
Published	03/07/2025	Digoxin adverse effects:Visual: {{c1::blurred, yellow halos}}CNS: {{c1::delirium, malaise, abnormal dreams::3}}GI: {{c1::anorexia, nausea, vomiting, a…
Published	02/26/2025	Metoprolol and Carvedilol MOA: {{c1::β1-AdR antagonist}}Carvedilol: Also inhibits {{c1::α1-AdR}} which leads to {{c1::vasodilation}} which ↓ {{c1…
Published	02/26/2025	Metoprolol and Carvedilol therapeutics:{{c1::Systolic}} heart failure{{c1::Hypertension}}{{c1::Angina}}
Published	02/26/2025	Metoprolol and Carvedilol adverse effects:{{c1::Bradycardia}}{{c1::AV}} block{{c1::Fatigue}}{{c1::Bronchoconstriction}}
Published	02/26/2025	Sacubitril MOA: {{c1::Neprilysin inhibitor}}↑ levels of {{c1::natriuretic peptides}}
Published	02/26/2025	Sacubitril therapeutics:{{c1::Systolic}} heart failureARNi: {{c1::ARB and neprilysin}} inhibitor
Published	02/26/2025	Sacubitril adverse effects:{{c1::Hyperkalemia}}{{c1::Cough}}{{c1::Hypotension}}
Published	02/26/2025	Spironolactone MOA: {{c1::Mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) inhibitor}}Blocks {{c1::MR}}-mediated increase in {{c1::ENaC (Na+ channel)}} and {{c1::…
Published	02/26/2025	If a patient is hypotensive what should you avoid decreasing?{{c1::Afterload}}
Published	02/26/2025	If a patient has acute heart failure what type of drugs do you not prescribe due to risk of worsening heart failure?{{c1::Beta-blockers}}
Published	02/26/2025	What drugs will decrease afterload?{{c1::Hydralazine}}{{c1::Milrinone}}{{c1::Carvedilol}}{{c1::Lisinopril (ACE)}}{{c1::Losartan (ARB)}}
Published	02/26/2025	What drugs will decrease preload?{{c1::Isosorbide dinitrate}}{{c1::Sacubitril}}{{c1::Furosemide}}{{c1::Empagliflozin}}{{c1::Spironolactone}}
Published	02/26/2025	What drugs will increase contractility?{{c1::Dobutamine}}{{c1::Digoxin}}{{c1::Milrinone}}
Published	02/26/2025	What drugs will decrease contractility?{{c1::Metoprolol}}{{c1::Carvediol}}
Published	02/26/2025	What is the quadruple therapy for chronic systolic heart failure treatment?ARNi {{c1::(valsartan + sacubitril)}}MR antagonist {{c1::(spironolactone)}}…
Published	02/27/2025	What is the quadruple therapy for acute systolic heart failure treatment?ARNi {{c1::(valsartan + sacubitril)}}MR antagonist {{c1::(spironolactone)}}SG…
Published	02/26/2025	Na+/K+ ATPase is a {{c1::pump}} so it requires {{c1::energy}}It is inhibited by {{c1::digoxin}}
Published	02/26/2025	For diastolic heart failure you treat with {{c1::spironolactone}}
Status	Last Update	Fields