Notes in 22 Gonadal Pharmacology

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	07/30/2024	Two cycles of ovarian cycle{{c1::Follicular phaseLuteal phase}}
Published	07/30/2024	Two cycles of endometrial cycle{{c1::Proliferative phaseSecretory phase}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. FSH influence1. Follicular phase2. Luteal phase{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Estrogen predominance1. Follicular phase2. Luteal phase{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Progesterone predominance1. Follicular phase2. Luteal phase{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Estrogen at low levels 1. Positive feedback to anterior pituitary 2. Negative feedback to anterior pituitary {{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Estrogen at high levels 1. Positive feedback to anterior pituitary 2. Negative feedback to anterior pituitary {{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	VR1. Progesterone secretion 2. Endometrial sloughing {{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	Steroid hormone synthesis pathway {{c1::Cholesterol }}→ {{c2::Pregnenolone }}→ {{c1::Progesterone }}→ {{c2::Androstenedione&n…
Published	07/30/2024	Pregnenolone is converted to progesterone in the presence of {{c1::3β-HSD}}
Published	07/30/2024	Testosterone is converted into estradiol with the enzyme {{c1::Aromatase Enzyme (CYP19)}}
Published	07/30/2024	CBA. Natural estrogenPostmenopausalA. Estrone (E1)B. Estradiol (E2)C. Estriol (E3){{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	CBA. Natural estrogenReproductiveA. Estrone (E1)B. Estradiol (E2)C. Estriol (E3){{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	CBA. Natural estrogenPregnancyA. Estrone (E1)B. Estradiol (E2)C. Estriol (E3){{c1::C}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. High Oral Bioavailability 1. Esterified estrogens2. Alkylated estrogens{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	Enumerate synthetic steroidal estrogens{{c1::Estradiol cypionateEstradiol valerate}}
Published	07/30/2024	Enumerate synthetic steroidal alkylated estrogens{{c1::Ethinyl estradiolMestranol}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Longer half life 1. Esterified estrogens2. Alkylated estrogens{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	Synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen that is used for prostate CA and palliative breast CA{{c1::Diethylstilbestrol}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Estradiol affinity 1. SHBG2. Albumin {{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	Among the three forms of estrogen , which has the highest affinity for estrogen receptor {{c1::Estradiol}}
Published	07/30/2024	Once E2 bind to ER, it undergoes conformational change {{c2::dimerization}} and bind to {{c1::estrogen response elements}} to regulate transcription
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Growth promoting properties1. ERalpha 2. ERbeta{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Growth inhibiting properties1. ERalpha 2. ERbeta{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	General effect of estrogen to ff. organsLong bones: {{c4::Closure of epiphyses in puberty }}Endometrium: {{c4::Proliferation of lining }}Blo…
Published	07/30/2024	Two main indication of estrogen replacement therapy (natural/synthetic){{c1::Primary hypogonadism Postmenopausal hormonal therapy}}
Published	07/30/2024	Dose of synthetic/natural estrogen for primary hypogonadism {{c1::0.3}} mg conjugated estrogens or {{c2::5-10}} mcg ethinyl estradiol
Published	07/30/2024	Increased risk for {{c1::endometrial cancer::pathology}} when taking estrogen alone
Published	07/30/2024	Most common cause of postmenopausal bleeding due to thickening of the endometrium{{c1::Prolonged estrogen replacement therapy}}
Published	07/30/2024	Contraindication of estrogen replacement therapy (synthetic/natural){{c1::CA of endometrium and breastSmokersLiver problem}}
Published	07/30/2024	MOA of SERMs{{c1::Bind to both ER alpha and ER beta in cells - Competitively block estradiol}}
Published	07/30/2024	Tamoxifen Class:{{c2::SERM}}ROA:{{c2::IM}}Excretion Organ {{c1::Liver}}Indication {{c1::Breast CA palliative for postmenopausal women&n…
Published	07/30/2024	ToremifeneClass:{{c2::SERM}}Indication:{{c2::Metastatic Breast CA}}Breast CA type most effective {{c1::Luminal A px}}
Published	07/30/2024	Raloxifene Indication {{c2::Treatment and prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis }}Benefit over other SERM{{c1::Does not stimulate t…
Published	07/30/2024	BazedoxifeneClass:{{c1::SERM}}Indication {{c1::Menopausal symptoms }}
Published	07/30/2024	CBA. SERMs drugsINC endometrial CA risk A. Estradiol B. Tamoxifen / Toremifene C. Raloxifene {{c1::A and B}}
Published	07/30/2024	CBA. SERMs drugsINC Breast CA RiskA. Estradiol B. Tamoxifen / Toremifene C. Raloxifene {{c1::A }}
Published	07/30/2024	CBA. SERMs drugsThromboembolism riskA. Estradiol B. Tamoxifen / Toremifene C. Raloxifene {{c1:: All of the above}}
Published	07/30/2024	CBA. SERMs drugsPrevent osteoporosisA. Estradiol B. Tamoxifen / Toremifene C. Raloxifene {{c1:: All of the above}}
Published	07/30/2024	CBA. SERMs drugsRelief climacteric complaints of pxA. Estradiol B. Tamoxifen / Toremifene C. Raloxifene {{c1:: A}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Anterior pituitary target1. Clomiphene2. Fulvestrant{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Tissue specific target1. Clomiphene2. Fulvestrant{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	VR1. Clomiphene2. FSH, LH{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	Clomiphene Class:{{c2::Partial agaonist Anti-Estrogen}}MOA{{c2::Inhibit E2 negative feedback on release of gonadotropins}} Indication {…
Published	07/30/2024	FulvestrantMOA{{c2::Competitively bind with ER to antagonize estrogen effect}}Indication {{c1::Tamoxifen-resistant breast CA}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Irreversible action 1. Steroidal type 1 aromatase inhibitors2. Steroidal type 2 aromatase inhibitors{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	CBA. Aromatase inhibitorsIndicated for breast tumors resistant to Tamoxifen A. Anastrozole B. LetrozoleC. FadrozoleD. Exemastane{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	CBA. Aromatase inhibitorsIndicated for breast CA and excessive aromatase syndrome A. Anastrozole B. LetrozoleC. FadrozoleD. Exemastane{{c1::…
Published	07/30/2024	CBA. Aromatase inhibitorsIndicated for Advanced Breast CAA. Anastrozole B. LetrozoleC. FadrozoleD. Exemastane{{c1::D}}
Published	07/30/2024	MOA of ICI 164, 384{{c1::Inhibits dimerization of the occupied estrogen receptor}}
Published	07/30/2024	Enumerate 21-carbon synthetic progestins{{c1::MedroxyprogesteroneHydroxyprogesteroneMegestrolDimesthisterone}}
Published	07/30/2024	Enumerate 19-Nortestosterone 3rd Gen synthetic progestins{{c1::DesogestrelGestodeneNorgestimate}}
Published	07/30/2024	VR1. Progestins2. Aldosterone {{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	Synthetic progestins Metabolized form in urine {{c3::Pregnanediol glucoronide}}MOA{{c2::Bind to PR alpha and beta to form dimers and bind PR…
Published	07/30/2024	Combined {{c1::progestin}} plus estrogen replacement therapy in postmenopausal women may increase breast cancer risk significantly compared with the r…
Published	07/30/2024	Enumerate selective progesterone receptor modulators {{c1::Mifepristone LiloprisptoneOnapristone Ulipristal}}
Published	07/30/2024	Mifepristone ROA {{c3::Oral }}Indication {{c2::Abortion }}Adverse effects{{c1::Vaginal bleedingAdrenal insufficiency}}
Published	07/30/2024	Ulipristal Class{{c3::Selective progesterone receptor modulator (SPeRM)}}MOA{{c2::Inhibit LH from hypothalamus and pituitary gland }}Indicat…
Published	07/30/2024	Drugs that INC metabolism of estrogen-progestin drugs{{c1::Rifampicin AntiepilepticsAlcohol}}
Published	07/30/2024	Unopposed estrogen therapy is associated with increased risk of {{c1::endometrial}} carcinoma
Published	07/30/2024	Shortest recommended duration of estrogen-progestin preparation {{c1::< 5 years}}
Published	07/30/2024	Drug that is a progestogen that acts as a combined oral hormonal therapy for treating menopausal symptoms {{c1::Tibolone}}
Published	07/30/2024	Endometriosis treatment options {{c1::Combined estrogen and progesteroneOral progesteroneDepot progesterone therapyDanazolGnRH agonist}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Abnormal uterine bleeding 1. High estrogen 2. High progesterone {{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	Most common problem (25% of patients) in using progesterone agents alone for contraception{{c1::Breakthrough bleeding}}
Published	07/30/2024	MOA of Menotropin for ovulation induction {{c1::Contain FSH and LH to stimulate follicle development}}
Published	07/30/2024	Gonadotropin drugs that are FSH analogs{{c1::Follitropin alfa and beta - better than menotropins}}
Published	07/30/2024	Recombinant form of hCG that can bind to LH receptors in ovaries{{c1::Choriogonadotropin alfa (rhCG)}}
Published	07/30/2024	Treatment of prepubertal cryptorchidism{{c1::hCG}}
Published	07/30/2024	Most serious complication of Gonadotropin analogs{{c1::Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) and multiple pregnancies}}
Published	07/30/2024	GnRH drug suffix{{c1::-relin}}
Published	07/30/2024	Benefit of GnRH analogs over other ovarian inducing drugs{{c1::No hyperstimulation syndrome because of receptor down-regulation}}
Published	07/30/2024	GnRH antagonists that is indicated for advanced prostate CA{{c1::Degarelix Abarelix}}
Published	07/30/2024	GnRH antagonists that is indicated for PCOS{{c1::GanirelixCetrorelix}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Complete suppression of LH1. GnRH agonists2. GnRH Antagonists{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	VR1. Bromocriptine 2. Clomiphene effect{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	Drug classes for ovulation induction {{c1::ClomipheneAromatase inhibitorsGonadotropinsGnRH analogsBromocriptine}}
Published	07/30/2024	Testosterone is converted to {{c2::Dihydrotestosterone }}by {{c1::5 alpha reductase}}
Published	07/30/2024	Degradation of testosterone occurs in the {{c1::liver}}
Published	07/30/2024	VR1. Testosterone2. EPO {{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	VR1. Testosterone2. HDL{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Testosterone in serum 1. Bound to SHBG2. Bound to albumin {{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	Danazol MOA {{c3::Bind to androgen, progesterone, glucocorticoid receptor (weak)Inhibit multiuple estrogen biosynthesis enzymesIncrease free…
Published	07/30/2024	Three classes of Androgen Suppression and Antiandrogens {{c1::Steroid Synthesis InhibitorsEnzyme InhibitorsReceptors inhibitors}}
Published	07/30/2024	Ketoconazole MOA{{c2::Inhibiting testosterone production}}Effect on E2 level{{c1::Increases the estradiol:testosterone ratio in plasma}}
Published	07/30/2024	AbirateroneMOA{{c2::Inhibits the 17-hydroxylation of progesterone}}Indication {{c1::Metastatic prostate CA}}
Published	07/30/2024	Finasteride MOA{{c3::Inhibitor of 5α-reductase, which converts testosterone to DHT}}Excretion route {{c2::Feces}}Indication {{c1::Reduc…
Published	07/30/2024	DutasterideMOA{{c2::Alpha-reductase inhibitor}}Indication {{c1::Benign prostatic hyperplasia}}
Published	07/30/2024	Flutamide MOA {{c3::Competitive antagonist at the androgen receptor → inhibition of the formation of androgen-AR complex}}Indication {{…
Published	07/30/2024	Bicalutamide MOA{{c2::Androgen receptor antagonists}}Indication {{c1::Carcinoma of prostate}}
Published	07/30/2024	CyproteroneMOA{{c3::Competes with GnRH and with DHT for receptor binding}}Progesterone effect{{c2::Suppress LH and FSH}}Indication {{c1::PCOSHirs…
Published	07/30/2024	Spirolactone MOA {{c2::Reduces 17α-hydroxylase activity}}Indication {{c1::Hirsutism in women }}
Status	Last Update	Fields