Notes in Behavioral

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Published	03/29/2024	{{c1::Neurons}} are the basic working unit of the brain; a specialized cell designed to transmit information to other nerve cells, musc…
Published	03/29/2024	{{c1::Reflex arcs}} are when interneurons in the spinal cord relay info to the {{c2::source of stimuli}} while simultaneously&nbsp…
Published	03/29/2024	The {{c2::central}} nervous system is made up of the {{c1::brain}} and {{c1::spinal cord}}.
Published	03/29/2024	The {{c1::peripheral}} nervous system consists of {{c2::nervous tissue}} and {{c2::fibers outside the CNS}}.
Published	03/29/2024	The part of the nervous system that is responsible for fight / flight is the {{c1::sympathetic nervous system}}.
Published	03/29/2024	The part of the nervous system that is responsible for rest / digest is the {{c1::parasympathetic nervous system}}
Published	03/29/2024	{{c1::Neurotransmitters}} are released by neurons to carry a signal
Published	03/29/2024	Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter used to {{c1::move muscles}}
Published	03/29/2024	{{c1::Dopamine}} is a neurotransmitter involved in {{c2::focus and motivation}} as well as {{c2::maintaining smooth movements&nbsp…
Published	03/29/2024	{{c2::Endorphins}} & {{c2::Enkephalins}} are neurotransmitters that are used as {{c1::pain killers}}.
Published	03/29/2024	{{c2::Epinephrine}} & {{c2::Norepinephrine}} maintain {{c1::wakefulness}} and mediate the {{c1::fight / flight responses}}.
Published	03/29/2024	{{c2::γ-aminobutyric Acid (GABA)}} is the primary {{c1::inhibiting::excitatory or inhibiting}} neurotransmitter in the brain.
Published	03/29/2024	Glutamate is an {{c1::excitatory::excitatory or inhibiting}} neurotransmitter.
Published	03/29/2024	{{c1::Serotonin::Hormone}} modulates {{c2::mood}}, {{c2::sleep}}, {{c2::eating}}, and {{c2::dreaming}}.
Published	03/30/2024	{{c1::Cortisol}} is the primary {{c3::stress}} hormone and is released by the {{c2::adrenal cortex}}.
Published	03/29/2024	{{c2::Testosterone}} and {{c2::estrogen}} are hormones that mediate {{c1::libido}} among other functions.
Published	03/29/2024	The {{c1::hindbrain::division of brain}} includes the {{c2::cerebellum}}, the {{c2::medulla oblongata}}, the {{c2::pons}} and the {{c2::reticular…
Published	03/29/2024	The {{c1::midbrain::division of brain}} includes the colliculi, the tegmentum, and the cerebral peduncles.
Published	03/29/2024	The {{c1::forebrain::division of brain}} includes the {{c2::thalamus}}, the {{c2::hypothalamus}}, the {{c2::basal ganglia}}, the {{c2::limbic sys…
Published	03/29/2024	The {{c1::thalamus::brain area}} is the relay station for {{c2::sensory information}}.
Published	03/29/2024	The {{c1::hypothalamus::brain area}} regulates {{c2::homeostasis}} and is in charge of the {{c3::4 F}}'s.
Published	03/29/2024	The {{c1::basal ganglia::brain area}} controls {{c2::smooth movements}} and helps {{c2::postural stability}}.
Published	03/29/2024	The {{c1::limbic system::brain area}} deals with {{c2::emotions, memories, and arousal (or stimulation)}}.
Published	03/29/2024	The {{c1::amygdala::limbic system structure}} is in charge of {{c2::fear and aggression}}.
Published	03/29/2024	The {{c1::hippocampus::limbic system structure}} regulates {{c2::long term memory}}.
Published	03/29/2024	The {{c1::cerebral cortex::brain structure}} is the outer layer of neural tissue of the {{c2::cerebrum}}.
Published	03/29/2024	The {{c1::parietal lobe::... lobe}} is associated with {{c2::somatosensation and spatial processing}}.
Published	03/29/2024	The {{c1::frontal lobe::... lobe}} is associated with {{c2::executive function, impulse control, speech, and motor::4}}.
Published	03/29/2024	The {{c1::occipital lobe::... lobe}} is associated with {{c2::vision}}.
Published	03/29/2024	The {{c1::temporal lobe::... lobe}} is associated with {{c2::Sound, Speech Perception, memory, and emotion::4}}.
Published	03/29/2024	The {{c1::left::left or right}} cerebral hemisphere is associated with {{c2::language and logic}}
Published	03/29/2024	The {{c1::right::left or right}} cerebral hemisphere is associated with {{c2::intuition, creativity, and spatial processing::3 cognitive abi…
Published	03/29/2024	The rooting, moro, babinski, and grasping reflexes are examples of {{c1::primitive reflexes}}.
Published	03/29/2024	The {{c1::rooting reflex::... reflex}} is when {{c2::an infant turns his or her head toward a stimulus}}.
Published	03/29/2024	The {{c1::moro reflex::... reflex}} is when {{c2::an infant extends his or her arms in response to a falling sensation}}.
Published	03/29/2024	The {{c1::Babinski reflex::... reflex}} is when {{c2::an infant's big toe is extended and other toes fan out in response to brushi…
Published	03/29/2024	The {{c1::grasping reflex::... reflex}} is when {{c2::an infant grabs anything put into hands}}.
Published	03/29/2024	{{c1::Sensory receptors}} are sensory nerves that respond to stimuli.
Published	03/29/2024	{{c1::Sensory ganglia}} are enlargements along {{c2::peripheral}} nerves that {{c3::transmit signals to the CNS.::do what?}}
Published	03/29/2024	{{c2::Projection areas}} are areas in the four lobes (frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital) of the brain where {{c1::sensory pro…
Published	03/29/2024	The {{c1::absolute threshold}} is the minimum stimulus energy that will {{c2::activate a sensory system}}.
Published	03/29/2024	The {{c1::threshold of conscious perception}} is the minimum stimulus energy that will create a signal large enough in size and long enough in&nb…
Published	03/29/2024	The {{c1::difference threshold}} is the minimum difference in magnitude between two stimuli before one can perceive the difference.
Published	03/29/2024	{{c2::Weber’s}} law states that the {{c1::just noticeable difference}} for a stimulus is proportional to the {{c1::magnitude}} of the s…
Published	03/29/2024	{{c1::Signal detection theory::... theory}} refers to the effects of {{c2::nonsensory and sensory factors}}, such as experiences, motives, and ex…
Published	03/29/2024	{{c1::Sensory adaptation}} can {{c2::increase or decrease our receptors sensitivity to the stimulus.::do what?}}
Published	03/29/2024	The {{c1::cornea::eye structure}} {{c2::gathers and filters}} incoming light.
Published	03/29/2024	The {{c1::iris::eye structure}} controls {{c2::the size of the pupil}}.
Published	03/29/2024	The {{c1::lens::eye structure}} {{c2::refracts}} incoming light to {{c2::focus it on the retina.::do what to it?}}
Published	03/29/2024	{{c1::Aqueous humor}} is the clear, watery fluid that fills the space between the {{c2::cornea}} and {{c2::lens}} of the eye. It provid…
Published	03/29/2024	The {{c1::retina::eye structure}} is the {{c2::sensory}} membrane that lines the {{c3::back}} of the eye.
Published	03/29/2024	{{c2::Rods}} are photoreceptors in the retina that detect {{c1::light / dark}}.
Published	03/29/2024	{{c2::Cones}} are photoreceptors in the retina that detect {{c1::color}}
Published	03/29/2024	{{c1::Retinal disparity}} provides a {{c2::binocular cue}} that facilitates {{c2::depth perception}}.
Published	03/29/2024	{{c2::Horizontal}} and {{c2::amacrine}} cells integrate signals from {{c3::photoreceptors}} and perform {{c1::edge-sharpening}}.
Published	03/29/2024	{{c1::Magnocellular::Type of retinal ganglion cell}} cells process {{c2::motion}}.
Published	03/29/2024	{{c2::Parvocellular::Type of retinal ganglion cell}} cells process {{c1::shape}}.
Published	03/29/2024	In the context of vision, {{c1::parallel processing}} is the idea that {{c2::our eyes process color, form, and motion at same time}}.
Published	03/29/2024	Give the visual pathway:{{c1::Eye}} → {{c1::optic nerves}} → {{c1::optic chiasm}} → {{c1::optic tracts}} → {{c2::lateral geniculat…
Published	03/29/2024	The item missing from the visual pathway:Eye → optic nerves → optic chiasm → optic tracts → {{c1::lateral geni…
Published	03/29/2024	The three main divisions of the ear are {{c1::outer}}, {{c1::middle}}, and {{c1::inner}}.
Published	03/29/2024	The {{c1::outer}} ear includes the {{c2::pinna (auricle)}}, {{c2::external auditory canal}}, and the {{c2::tympanic membrane}}.
Published	03/29/2024	The {{c1::middle}} ear includes the {{c2::malleus}}, the {{c2::incus}}, and the {{c2::stapes}}.
Published	03/29/2024	The {{c2::malleus}} is one of three ossicles in the middle ear and is also called the {{c1::hammer}}.
Published	03/29/2024	The {{c2::incus}} is one of three ossicles in the middle ear and is also called the {{c1::anvil}}
Published	03/29/2024	The {{c2::stapes}} is one of three ossicles in the middle ear and is also called the {{c1::stirrup}}
Published	03/29/2024	The {{c1::inner}} ear includes the {{c2::cochlea}}, the {{c2::vestibular system}}, and the {{c2::semicircular canals}}
Published	03/29/2024	The {{c1::pinna (auricle)::ear structure}} acts as a {{c2::kind of funnel which assists in directing the sound further into the ear}}.
Published	03/29/2024	{{c1::External auditory canal::Ear structure}} transmits sound from the {{c2::pinna}} to the {{c2::eardrum}}.
Published	03/29/2024	{{c1::Tympanic membrane::Ear structure}} is a {{c2::thin flap of skin that is stretched tight like a drum}} and {{c2::vibrates when sound hi…
Published	03/29/2024	The {{c2::cochlea}} transduces sound into {{c1::nerve impulses}} to be sent to the brain.
Published	03/29/2024	The {{c1::vestibular system::ear structure}} is a sensory system responsible for providing our brain with information about {{c2::…
Published	03/29/2024	{{c2::Semicircular canals}} are responsible for {{c1::balance}}.
Published	03/29/2024	The {{c2::superior olive}} is located in the {{c1::brain stem}} and its function is to {{c1::localize sound}}.
Published	03/29/2024	The {{c1::inferior colliculus::brain structure}} is responsible for {{c2::the startle reflex}} and {{c2::vestibulo-ocular}} reflex
Published	03/29/2024	The {{c1::vestibulo-ocular reflex::... reflex}} keeps the eyes fixed on a {{c2::single point}} as the head {{c2::rotates}}.
Published	03/30/2024	Give the auditory pathway after the oval window:{{c1::Cochlea}} → {{c1::vestibulocochlear nerve}} → {{c1::superior olive}} → {{c1::infe…
Published	03/29/2024	Identify the item missing from the auditory pathway:Cochlea → vestibulocochlear nerve → superior olive → inferior colliculus →&nbs…
Published	03/29/2024	Smell is the detection of volatile or aerosolized chemicals by the {{c1::olfactory}} chemoreceptors.
Published	03/29/2024	{{c1::Pheromones}} are chemicals given off by animals that have an effect on {{c2::social foraging}}, and {{c2::sexual behavior}}.
Published	03/29/2024	The five categories of taste are:{{c1::Sweet}}{{c1::Sour}}{{c1::Salty}}{{c1::Bitter}}{{c1::Umami}}
Published	03/29/2024	{{c1::Somatosensation}} refers to the four touch modalities: {{c2::pressure, vibration, pain, and temperature}}.
Published	03/29/2024	The {{c1::two-point threshold}} is the {{c2::minimum distance necessary between two points of stimulation on the skin such that the points w…
Published	03/29/2024	{{c1::Physiological zero}} is {{c2::a temperature that is felt by the skin as neither warm nor cold}}.
Published	03/29/2024	{{c2::Nociceptors}} sense {{c1::pain}}
Published	03/29/2024	The {{c1::gate control theory::... theory}} of pain asserts that {{c2::non-painful input closes the nerve "gates" to painful input, which prevent…
Published	03/29/2024	{{c1::Proprioception}} is {{c2::the sense that tells you information about your body's position}}.
Published	03/29/2024	{{c2::Top-down}} processing is the recognition of an object by {{c1::memories and expectations}}.
Published	03/29/2024	Using {{c2::bottom-up}} processing, one will process {{c1::details}} first, then the {{c1::whole object}}.
Published	03/29/2024	{{c1::Gestalt principles}} tries to explain how we {{c2::perceive the things the way we do}}.
Published	03/29/2024	According to the Gestalt principle of {{c1::proximity}}, objects that are {{c2::placed close together are perceived as being more related than those s…
Published	03/30/2024	According to the gestalt principle of {{c1::similarity}}, we tend to {{c2::perceive things that physically resemble one another as part of the same ob…
Published	03/29/2024	{{c1::Continuity}} principle is {{c2::that lines follow the smoothest path. So If I show you a line with some missing bits, your brain will fill it in…
Published	03/29/2024	According to the gestalt principle of {{c1::closure}}, we tend to {{c2::see complete figures even when part of the information is missing}}.
Published	03/29/2024	{{c1::Law of Prägnanz}} states that {{c2::people will perceive and interpret ambiguous or complex images as the simplest form(s) possible}}.
Published	03/30/2024	{{c1::Habituation}} is {{c2::when one becomes used to a stimulus}}.
Published	03/29/2024	{{c1::Dishabituation}} {{c2::may occur after habituation and is when a second stimulus intervenes causing a resensitization of the…
Published	03/29/2024	The {{c1::associative learning}} theory states that {{c2::ideas reinforce each other and can be linked to one another}}.
Published	03/29/2024	{{c1::Operant conditioning}} is a method of learning that occurs through {{c2::rewards and punishments for behavior}}.
Published	03/29/2024	{{c1::Reinforcement}} {{c2::increases}} the likelihood of a behavior.
Published	03/29/2024	{{c1::Punishment}} {{c2::decreases}} the likelihood of a behavior.
Published	03/29/2024	{{c2::Schedules of reinforcement}} can be based on {{c1::intervals}} or {{c1::the ratio of behavior / reward}}.
Published	03/29/2024	{{c2::Positive}} conditioning {{c1::adds}} a stimulus.
Published	03/29/2024	{{c2::Negative}} conditioning {{c1::removes}} a stimulus.
Published	03/29/2024	When {{c2::a previously reinforced behavior is no longer reinforced::this happens}}, the behavior becomes {{c1::extinct}}.
Published	03/29/2024	{{c1::Shaping}} is when {{c2::behavior that is closer and closer to the target behavior is reinforced}}.
Published	03/29/2024	In classical conditioning, a {{c1::neutral stimulus}} becomes a {{c1::conditioned stimulus}} that produces a {{c2::conditioned response…
Published	03/29/2024	{{c1::Observational learning or modeling}} is {{c2::the acquisition of behavior by watching others}}.
Published	03/29/2024	{{c1::Encoding}} is the process of {{c2::putting new info into memory}}.
Published	03/29/2024	{{c1::Semantic encoding}} is a specific type of encoding in which {{c2::the meaning of something}} is encoded as opposed to {…
Published	03/29/2024	{{c1::Sensory memory::... memory}} and {{c1::short term memory::... memory}} are {{c2::transient}} and based on {{c2::neurotransmitter activity}}…
Published	03/29/2024	{{c1::Working memory::... memory}} is responsible for {{c2::temporarily holding information available for processing}}.
Published	03/29/2024	{{c1::Long term memory::... memory}} is responsible for the storage of information for an extended period of time.
Published	03/29/2024	{{c1::Explicit (declarative) memory::... memory}} accounts for memories that we must {{c2::consciously recall with effort and focus}}.
Published	03/29/2024	{{c1::Implicit memory::... memory}} is {{c2::acquired}} and used {{c2::unconsciously.::how?}}
Published	03/29/2024	{{c2::Semantic networks}} link concepts together based on similar {{c1::meaning}}.
Published	03/29/2024	{{c1::Retrieval}} is {{c2::re-accessing of events or information from the past}}.
Published	03/29/2024	{{c2::Alzheimer's}} is a {{c3::degenerative}} brain disorder linked to a loss of {{c1::acetylcholine}} in neurons that link to the {{c1::hippocam…
Published	03/29/2024	{{c2::Korsakoff’s Syndrome memory loss}} is caused by a/an {{c1::thiamine (vitamin B1)}} deficiency in the brain.
Published	03/29/2024	{{c2::Agnosia}} is the loss of ability to {{c3::recognize}} {{c1::objects, people, or sounds}}.
Published	03/29/2024	{{c1::Retroactive interference::... interference}} is when {{c2::new memories make you forget old memories}}.
Published	03/29/2024	{{c1::Proactive interference::... interference}} is when {{c2::old memories interfere with learning new memories}}.
Published	03/29/2024	The {{c1::information processing model::... model}} states that the brain {{c2::encodes}}, {{c2::stores}}, and {{c2::retrieves}} info much like a…
Published	03/29/2024	Piaget’s four stages of cognitive development:{{c1::Sensorimotor: 0 → 2}}{{c1::Preoperational: 2 → 7}}{{c1::Concrete Operational: 7 → 11}}{{c1::F…
Published	03/29/2024	Piaget's {{c2::sensorimotor}} stage is from {{c1::0}} to {{c1::2}} years old.
Published	03/29/2024	Piaget's {{c2::preoperational}} stage is from {{c1::2}} to {{c1::7}} years old.
Published	03/29/2024	Piaget's {{c2::concrete operational}} stage is from {{c1::7}} to {{c1::11}} years old
Published	03/29/2024	Piaget's {{c2::formal operational}} stage is from age {{c1::12}} and older.
Published	03/29/2024	{{c1::Deductive::Deductive or Inductive}} reasoning starts with {{c2::theory}}, then forms {{c2::conclusions}}.
Published	03/29/2024	{{c1::Inductive::Deductive or Inductive}} reasoning starts with {{c2::evidence}}, then forms {{c2::conclusions}}.
Published	03/29/2024	A/an {{c1::mental set}} is a framework for {{c2::thinking about a problem}}.
Published	03/29/2024	{{c1::Functional fixedness}} is {{c2::the tendency to use objects only in the way they are normally utilized}}.
Published	03/29/2024	{{c1::Heuristics}} are {{c2::mental shortcuts}} that allow people to {{c3::solve problems and make judgments quickly and efficiently.::do what?}}
Published	03/29/2024	{{c1::Availability heuristic}} is {{c2::a mental shortcut that relies on immediate examples that come to a person's mind when evaluating a s…
Published	03/29/2024	{{c1::Representativeness heuristic}} is {{c2::a mental shortcut that helps us make a decision by comparing information to our mental prototypes}}…
Published	03/29/2024	{{c1::Confirmation bias}} is the tendency to focus on {{c2::information that fits an individual’s beliefs}}, while rejecting {{c2::info…
Published	03/29/2024	{{c1::Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences::Theory}} differentiates human intelligence into {{c2::specific 'modalities'}}, rather than…
Published	03/29/2024	{{c1::Phonology}} refers to {{c2::the actual sound of speech}}.
Published	03/29/2024	{{c1::Morphology}} refers to {{c2::the building blocks of words}}.
Published	03/29/2024	{{c1::Semantics}} refers to {{c2::the meaning of words}}.
Published	03/29/2024	{{c1::Syntax}} refers to {{c2::the rules dictating word order}}.
Published	03/29/2024	{{c1::Pragmatics}} refers to {{c2::the way language delivery changes depending on context}}.
Published	03/29/2024	The {{c1::nativist theory::theory}} of language states {{c2::that language acquisition is innate}}.
Published	03/29/2024	The {{c1::behaviorist theory::theory}} of language states {{c2::that language acquisition is controlled by operant conditioning and&nbs…
Published	03/29/2024	The {{c1::social interactionist theory::theory}} of language states {{c2::that language acquisition is caused by a motivation to communicate…
Published	03/30/2024	The {{c1::Whorfian hypothesis}}, also known as {{c1::linguistic relativity}} states that {{c2::the lens by which we view and interpret the world}…
Published	03/29/2024	{{c1::Broca's area::Brain area}} produces {{c2::speech}}.
Published	03/29/2024	{{c1::Wernicke’s area::Brain area}} is in charge of {{c2::language comprehension}}.
Published	03/29/2024	The {{c1::arcuate fasciculus}} connects {{c2::Broca’s area}} to {{c2::the Wernicke’s area}}.
Published	03/29/2024	{{c2::Difficulty producing speech}} is called {{c1::Broca’s aphasia::disorder}}.
Published	03/29/2024	{{c2::A lack of speech comprehension}} is called {{c1::Wernicke’s aphasia}}.
Published	03/29/2024	Someone with {{c1::conduction aphasia::disorder}} can’t {{c2::repeat words.::do what?}}
Published	03/29/2024	{{c1::Alertness}} is the state of being {{c2::awake}} and {{c2::thinking}}.
Published	03/29/2024	{{c2::An EEG}} shows {{c1::BETA}} waves when {{c3::alert or concentrating}}.
Published	03/29/2024	{{c2::An EEG}} shows {{c1::ALPHA}} waves when {{c3::awake but tired, eyes closed}}.
Published	03/29/2024	{{c1::Hypnosis}} refers to when individuals appear to be in {{c2::normal control of their faculties}} but are in a {{c2::highly suggestible}…
Published	03/29/2024	{{c1::Meditation}} is the practice of {{c2::turning one's attention to a single point of reference}}; {{c2::quieting of the mind}}.
Published	03/29/2024	{{c2::Alcohol}}, {{c2::barbiturates}}, and {{c2::benzodiazepines}} are {{c1::depressants::stimulants or depressants}}.
Published	03/29/2024	{{c2::Amphetamines}}, {{c2::cocaine}}, and {{c2::ecstasy}} are {{c1::stimulants::stimulants or depressants}}.
Published	03/29/2024	{{c2::Opiates}} and {{c2::opioids}} can cause death by {{c1::respiratory depression}}.
Published	03/29/2024	{{c2::LSD}}, {{c2::peyote}}, {{c2::mescaline}}, and {{c2::ketamine}} are considered {{c1::hallucinogens}}.
Published	03/29/2024	The {{c1::mesolimbic}} pathway mediates {{c2::drug addiction}}.
Published	03/29/2024	Give the sleep stages{{c1::Stage 1}}: {{c2::Light sleep}}{{c1::Stage 2}}: {{c2::Slightly deeper}}{{c1::Stages 3 & 4}}: {{c2::Deep s…
Published	03/29/2024	During sleep stage(s) {{c3::1 and 2}}, {{c1::theta}} waves appear on {{c2::EEG}}.
Published	03/29/2024	{{c2::Sleep spindles}} and {{c2::K complexes}} appear during stage(s) {{c1::two}} of sleep.
Published	03/29/2024	{{c2::Slow-wave sleep (SWS)}} occurs during stage(s) {{c1::3 and 4}} of sleep.
Published	03/29/2024	During {{c1::rapid eye movement sleep::sleep stage}}, the mind appears {{c2::awake}} on {{c3::EEG}}, but {{c2::the person is asleep}}.
Published	03/29/2024	{{c1::Circadian rhythm}} is a natural, internal process that regulates {{c2::the sleep-wake cycle}} and repeats roughly every {{c2::24}…
Published	03/29/2024	{{c2::Dreaming}} occurs mostly during {{c1::REM::sleep stage}}.
Published	03/29/2024	The {{c3::activation-synthesis}} theory states that dreams are {{c2::activated}} in the {{c1::brainstem}} and {{c2::synthesized}} in the {{c…
Published	03/29/2024	{{c2::Dyssomnias}} are conditions that make it difficult to {{c1::fall asleep, stay asleep, or avoid sleep}}.
Published	03/29/2024	{{c2::Parasomnias}} are conditions that cause {{c1::abnormal movements or behaviors during sleep}}.
Published	03/29/2024	{{c1::Selective}} attention allows one to {{c2::pay attention to particular stimulus}} while {{c2::determining if additional stimu…
Published	03/29/2024	{{c1::Divided}} attention uses {{c3::automatic}} processing to {{c2::pay attention to multiple activities at one time.::…
Published	03/29/2024	{{c1::Motivation}} is the purpose, or driving force, behind our actions.
Published	03/29/2024	{{c1::Instincts}} are {{c2::innate, fixed patterns of behavior}} in response to {{c2::stimuli}}.
Published	03/29/2024	{{c1::Instinct theory::... theory}} states {{c3::that people perform certain behaviors::this happens}} because of {{c2::their evolutionarily…
Published	03/29/2024	{{c1::Arousal}} is the state of being {{c2::awake and reactive to stimuli}}.
Published	03/29/2024	{{c1::Optimal arousal theory::... theory}} states that {{c2::optimal performance requires optimal arousal}}.
Published	03/29/2024	{{c1::Drives}} are {{c2::internal states of tension}} that beget {{c2::particular behaviors focused on goals}}.
Published	03/29/2024	{{c1::Drive reduction theory::... theory}} states that {{c2::people are motivated to take certain actions in order to reduce the internal tension…
Published	03/29/2024	{{c1::Maslow’s hierarchy of needs}} states that {{c2::people have certain needs, and these needs are arranged in a hierarchy, with some need…
Published	03/29/2024	{{c1::Self-actualization}} is {{c2::the full realization of one’s talents and potential}}.
Published	03/29/2024	{{c1::Self-determination theory::... theory}} is a theory of {{c2::human motivation}} and {{c2::personality}} and emphasizes 3 universal nee…
Published	03/29/2024	{{c1::Incentive theory::... theory}} states that behavior is motivated by a desire for {{c2::reinforcement or incentives}}.
Published	03/29/2024	{{c1::Expectancy-value theory::... theory}} states that {{c2::the amount of motivation for a task is based on the expectation of succes…
Published	03/29/2024	The {{c1::opponent-process theory::... theory of emotion}} {{c2::views emotions as pairs of opposites::explain}}. For example, {{c2::fear/relief …
Published	03/29/2024	The {{c1::house money effect}} states that after a {{c2::prior gain}}, people become {{c2::more open to assuming risk}} since {{c2::the…
Published	03/29/2024	The {{c1::gambler’s fallacy}} states that {{c2::if something happens more frequently than normal, it will happen less frequently i…
Published	03/29/2024	The {{c1::prisoner’s dilemma}} is when two people act out of {{c2::their own self-interest}}, but if they had {{c2::cooperated::done this}}, the&…
Published	03/29/2024	{{c1::Emotion}} is a state of mind, or feeling, that is subjectively experienced based on circumstances, mood, and relat…
Published	03/29/2024	The three components of emotion are {{c1::cognitive}}, {{c1::physiological}}, and {{c1::behavioral}}.
Published	03/29/2024	The 7 universal emotions are:{{c1::Happiness}}{{c1::Surprise}}{{c1::Sadness}}{{c1::Fear}}{{c1::Disgust}}{{c1::Contempt}}{{c1::Anger}}
Published	03/29/2024	The {{c1::James-Lange theory of emotion::theory of emotion}} states {{c2::that behavioral and physiological actions lead to emotions}}.
Published	03/29/2024	The {{c1::Cannon-Bard theory of emotion::theory of emotion}} states {{c2::that emotional and physiological responses to a stimulus…
Published	03/29/2024	The {{c1::Schacter-Singer theory of emotion::theory of emotion}} states {{c2::that physiological arousal and interpretation of context or “cognit…
Published	03/29/2024	{{c1::Stress}} is the {{c2::physiological}} and {{c2::cognitive }}response to {{c3::challenges}}.
Published	03/29/2024	{{c1::Stress appraisal}} refers to the process by which individuals {{c2::evaluate and cope with a stressful event.::do what?}}
Published	03/29/2024	A/an {{c1::stressor}} is anything that leads to a stress response.
Published	03/29/2024	Eustress is {{c1::good stress}} and distress is {{c1::bad stress}}.
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