Notes in 09 Ankle and Foot

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Name
01 Forefoot
02 Midfoot
03 Hindfoot
04 Associated Conditions
05 Ankle Fractures

Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	02/10/2024	Presentation of {{c2::Hallux Valgus}} {{c1::Pressure symptoms from shoe wear}} {{c1::Pain from crossing over of toes}} {{c1::First MTPJ Metatarsalgia …
Published	02/10/2024	Diagnosis of Hallux Valgus (Bunions){{c1::Clinical symptoms}} and {{c1::X-ray}}
Published	02/10/2024	Non-operative treatment of Hallux Valgus {{c1::Shoe wear modification (wide +/- high toe box)}} {{c1::Orthotics to offload pressure/correct deformity}…
Published	02/10/2024	If non-operative treatment of Hallux Valgus fails or unacceptable to patients then: {{c1::Release lateral soft tissues}} {{c1::Osteotomy 1st metatarsa…
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Hallux Rigidus}} is {{c2::osteoarthritis of the 1st MTP joint}}, otherwise known as hallux limitis or hallux non-extensus.
Published	02/10/2024	Presentation of {{c2::Hallux Rigidus}} {{c1::Many asymptomatic}} {{c1::Ankle and toe pain – often at extreme of dorsiflexion}} {{c1::Limitation of ran…
Published	02/10/2024	Diagnosis of Hallux Rigidus{{c1::Clinical symptoms}} and {{c1::X-ray}}
Published	02/10/2024	Non-operative treatment of Hallux Rigidus {{c1::Activity modification}} {{c1::Shoe wear with rigid sole}} {{c1::Analgesia}}
Published	02/10/2024	Surgical treatment of Hallux Rigidus{{c1::Arthrodesis}} ‒ fusion (Gold Standard){{c1::Cheilectomy}} ‒ removal of dorsal impingement{{c1::Art…
Published	02/10/2024	Gold standard treatment of Hallux Rigidus is {{c1::Arthrodesis ‒ 1st MTP joint fusion}}
Published	02/10/2024	Lesser Toe Deformities include{{c1::Claw toes}}{{c1::Hammer toes}}{{c1::Mallet toes}}
Published	02/10/2024	Presentation of Lesser Toe Deformity {{c1::Deformity}} {{c1::Pain from dorsum}} {{c1::Metatarsalgia — Pain from plantar side}}
Published	02/10/2024	Non-operative treatment of Lesser Toe Deformities {{c1::Activity modification}} {{c1::Shoe wear – flat shoes with high toe box to accommodate deformit…
Published	02/10/2024	Operative treatment of Lesser Toe Deformities {{c1::Flexor to extensor transfer}}{{c1::Fusion of interphalangeal joint}} {{c1::Release metatarsophalan…
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Morton’s Neuroma}} is thickening of the tissue around one of the nerves leading to your toes
Published	02/10/2024	Presentation of {{c2::Morton’s Neuroma}} {{c1::Typically affects 3rd followed by 2nd webspace/toes}} {{c1::Neuralgic burning pain into toes}} {{c1::In…
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Morton’s Neuroma}} is mechanically induced degenerative neuropathy frequently associated with wearing high heeled shoes
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Mulder}} sign/click is a clinical test used to examine causes of metatarsalgia associated with {{c2::Morton's neuroma}}
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Ultrasound}} is the best radiological test for Morton’s Neuroma
Published	02/10/2024	Management of Morton’s Neuroma {{c1::Injection for small lesions}} {{c1::Surgery – excision of lesion including a section of normal nerve Numbness Re…
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Rheumatoid Forefoot}} is a deformity that occurs in the forefoot secondary to rheumatoid arthritis.
Published	02/10/2024	Non-operative treatment of Rheumatoid Forefoot {{c1::Shoewear}} {{c1::Orthotics}} {{c1::Activity}}
Published	02/10/2024	Gold standard treatment of {{c2::Rheumatoid Forefoot}} is {{c1::1st MTPJ arthrodesis}} or {{c1::2-5th toe excision arthroplasty}}
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Dorsal Foot Ganglia}} are fluid-filled sacs you get on your foot that arise from joint or tendon sheath.
Published	02/10/2024	Presentation of Dorsal Foot Ganglia {{c1::Pain from pressure from shoewear}} {{c1::Pain from underlying problem}}
Published	02/10/2024	Non-operative treatment of Dorsal Foot Ganglia{{c1::Aspiration}}
Published	02/10/2024	Operative treatment of Dorsal Foot Ganglia{{c1::Excision}}
Published	02/10/2024	Midfoot Arthritis can occur secondary to: {{c1::Post-traumatic arthritis}} {{c1::Osteoarthritis}} {{c1::Rheumatoid arthritis}}
Published	02/10/2024	Non-operative treatment of Midfoot Arthritis {{c1::Activity}} {{c1::Shoewear}} {{c1::Orthotics}} {{c1::X-ray guided injections}}
Published	02/10/2024	Operative treatment of Midfoot Arthritis{{c1::Arthrodesis/Fusion}}
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Plantar Fibromatosis}}, otherwise known as {{c1::Ledderhose disease}} and {{c1::Dupuytren’s of the foot}}, is a hyperproliferative fibrous tissu…
Published	02/10/2024	Presentation of Plantar Fibromatosis{{c1::Progressive formation of nodules}} on the plantar aspect of the foot
Published	02/10/2024	Non-operative treatment of Plantar Fibromatosis {{c1::Avoid pressure}} {{c1::Shoewear}} {{c1::Orthotics}}
Published	02/10/2024	Operative treatment of Plantar Fibromatosis {{c1::Excision}} (up to 80% risk of recurrence) {{c1::Radiotherapy}}{{c1::Combination}}
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Achilles Tendinopathy}} is a degenerative or overuse condition that describes several conditions that could be associated with inflammation of t…
Published	02/10/2024	Presentation of {{c2::Achilles Tendinopathy}} {{c1::Heel to upper heel pain during/following exercise}} {{c1::Recurrent episodes}} {{c1::Difficulty fi…
Published	02/10/2024	Diagnosis of {{c2::Achilles Tendinopathy}}Symptom: {{c1::Achilles Tendon Tenderness}}Rupture Tests:{{c1::Simmonds Test (Calf Squeeze)}}{{c1::Angle of …
Published	02/10/2024	Non-operative treatment of Achilles Tendinopathy {{c1::Activity modification}} {{c1::Weight loss}} {{c1::Shoe wear modification – slight heel}} {{c1::…
Published	02/10/2024	Operative treatment of Achilles Tendinopathy {{c1::Gastrocnemius recession}} {{c1::Release and debridement of tendon}}
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Plantar Fasciosis}} describes chronic degenerative changes in the plantar fascia with absence of inflammatory cells with inability to repair due…
Published	02/10/2024	Presentation of {{c2::Plantar Fasciosis}} {{c1::Pain first thing in morning weight bearing after rest (Post-static dyskinesia) located at origin of p…
Published	02/10/2024	Differential Diagnosis of Plantar Fasciosis {{c1::Nerve entrapment syndrome}} {{c1::Arthritis}} {{c1::Calcaneal pathology}}
Published	02/10/2024	The mainstay physical therapy for plantar fasciitis is {{c1::stretching}}.
Published	02/10/2024	Non-Operative Treatment of Plantar Fasciosis {{c1::Rest, change training}} {{c1::Stretching – Achilles +/- direct stretching}} {{c1::Ice}} {{c1::NSAID…
Published	02/10/2024	Newer/Third-Line Treatment of Plantar Fasciosis {{c1::Extracorporeal Shockwave therapy}} {{c1::Topaz Plasma Coblation}} {{c1::Nitric Oxide}} {{c1::Pla…
Published	02/10/2024	Presentation of {{c2::Ankle Osteoarthritis}} {{c1::Mean age of 45 years due to a post-traumatic cause}} {{c1::Ankle Pain}} {{c1::Ankle Stiffness}}
Published	02/10/2024	Non-operative Management of Ankle Osteoarthritis{{c1::Weight loss}} {{c1::Activity modification}} {{c1::Analgesia}} {{c1::Physiotherapy}} {{c1::Steroi…
Published	02/10/2024	If symptoms of Ankle Osteoarthritis are exclusively anterior then management is by {{c1::arthroscopic anterior debridement}}
Published	02/10/2024	The gold standard Operative Management of Ankle Osteoarthritis is {{c1::Arthrodesis}}
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Tibialis Posterior Dysfunction}} is a condition caused by changes in the Tibialis posterior tendon, impairing its ability to support the ar…
Published	02/10/2024	Result of {{c1::Tibialis Posterior Dysfunction}} is{{c2::Acquired adult flat foot}}
Published	02/10/2024	Presentation of Tibialis Posterior Dysfunction{{c1::Medial or lateral pain when standing up on tip toes}}{{c1::Loss of arch of foot}}{{c1::the feeling…
Published	02/10/2024	Treatment of Tibialis Posterior Dysfunction {{c1::Orthotics — medial arch support}} Early Presentation with mild deformity {{c1::Reconstruction of te…
Published	02/10/2024	Cause of Diabetic Foot Ulceration{{c1::Diabetic neuropathy — loss of normal feeling & unaware of trauma}}
Published	02/10/2024	Presentation of Diabetic Neuropathy {{c1::Anhidrosis}} {{c1::Dry cracked skin}} {{c1::Skin more sensitive to trauma}} {{c1::Poor vascular supply}}
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::15}}% of all diabetics will develop ulceration
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::25}}% of patients with diabetic ulcers go on to amputation
Published	02/10/2024	Prevention Approach of Diabetic Foot Ulceration({{c1::Patient education}} & {{c1::footwear}})
Published	02/10/2024	Modification Approach of Diabetic Foot Ulceration {{c1::Diabetic control}} {{c1::Smoking}} {{c1::Vascular supply (Vascular surgery)}} {{c1::External p…
Published	02/10/2024	Surgical Approach of Diabetic Foot Ulceration {{c1::Improve Vascular Supply}} {{c1::Debride ulcers and get deep samples for microbiology}} {{c1::Corre…
Published	02/10/2024	Charcot’s Joint (aka Charcot’s osteoarthropathy or Charcot’s neuroarthropathy)It is commonly seen as a complication of: {{c1::Any neuropath…
Published	02/10/2024	Presentation of {{c1::Charcot’s Joint}} {{c2::Usually a history of diabetes, with established peripheral neuropathy}} {{c2::Pain (75%) in early presen…
Published	02/10/2024	Pathophysiology of Charcot’s Joint{{c1::Neurotraumatic}} refers to lack of {{c2::proprioception}} and {{c2::protective pain sensation}}
Published	02/10/2024	Pathophysiology of Charcot’s Joint{{c2::Neurovascular}} refers to abnormal Autonomic NS resulting in increased {{c1::vascular supply}} and {{c1::bone …
Published	02/10/2024	Diagnosis of Charcot’s Joint/Neuroarthropathy (3) High index of suspicion {{c1::Any diabetic with acutely swollen erythematous foot with neuropathy}}…
Published	02/10/2024	Management of Charcot’s Joint/Neuroarthropathy {{c1::Prevention}} {{c1::Immobilisation / non-weight bearing until acute fragmentation resolved}} {{c1:…
Status	Last Update	Fields