Notes in 68) Burkitt Lymphoma

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Published	06/12/2025	What is the hallmark chromosomal translocation in Burkitt lymphoma?
Published	06/12/2025	Approximately what percentage of all non‑Hodgkin lymphomas worldwide does Burkitt lymphoma represent?
Published	06/12/2025	Which sex predominance is seen across all types of Burkitt lymphoma?
Published	06/12/2025	Name the three classical clinical variants of Burkitt lymphoma.
Published	06/12/2025	Which variant of Burkitt lymphoma represents the most common childhood cancer in equatorial Africa?
Published	06/12/2025	In equatorial Africa, BL can account for up to what percentage of pediatric malignancies?
Published	06/12/2025	What infection is holoendemic in regions that overlap the 'lymphoma belt' of endemic Burkitt lymphoma?
Published	06/12/2025	Peak age of endemic Burkitt lymphoma presentation?
Published	06/12/2025	Median age of sporadic Burkitt lymphoma in Western countries?
Published	06/12/2025	Burkitt lymphoma associated with HIV tends to occur at what CD4 count range?
Published	06/12/2025	What virus is found in ~95 % of endemic Burkitt lymphoma cases?
Published	06/12/2025	EBV positivity in sporadic BL is roughly what percentage?
Published	06/12/2025	EBV positivity in immunodeficiency‑related BL is roughly what percentage?
Published	06/12/2025	Which geographic infection is thought to impair T‑cell surveillance and synergize with EBV to cause endemic BL?
Published	06/12/2025	What oncogene is invariably deregulated in Burkitt lymphoma?
Published	06/12/2025	Classical hallmark cytogenetic lesion of BL (chromosomes)?
Published	06/12/2025	Which two less common MYC translocations can be seen in BL?
Published	06/12/2025	What is the typical proliferation index (Ki‑67) in Burkitt lymphoma?
Published	06/12/2025	Loss‑of‑function mutations of which tumor‑suppressor gene frequently collaborate with MYC in BL?
Published	06/12/2025	Mutations in which genes (70 % of cases) activate B‑cell receptor signaling in BL?
Published	06/12/2025	Name one RNA helicase gene pair implicated in BL male predominance.
Published	06/12/2025	Which EBV latency program is characteristically expressed in Burkitt tumor cells?
Published	06/12/2025	EBV helps Burkitt lymphoma cells resist apoptosis; name one viral product that contributes.
Published	06/12/2025	Which Toll‑like receptor can malaria activate in B‑cells, fostering Ig‑MYC breaks?
Published	06/12/2025	Classic low‑power histologic pattern of Burkitt lymphoma?
Published	06/12/2025	What creates the 'stars' in the starry sky of BL?
Published	06/12/2025	Describe the cytoplasm of Burkitt lymphoma cells on Wright‑Giemsa smear.
Published	06/12/2025	Which FAB acute leukemia subtype corresponds to leukemic Burkitt cells?
Published	06/12/2025	Name three core B‑cell surface markers positive in BL.
Published	06/12/2025	Which germinal‑center marker is strongly positive in BL?
Published	06/12/2025	Which transcription factor of germinal center B‑cells is commonly positive in BL?
Published	06/12/2025	Surface immunoglobulin class most often expressed by BL cells?
Published	06/12/2025	Which anti‑apoptotic protein is typically NEGATIVE in Burkitt lymphoma?
Published	06/12/2025	Which immaturity marker enzyme is negative, helping distinguish BL from ALL?
Published	06/12/2025	Is CD34 expressed in BL?
Published	06/12/2025	What laboratory enzyme is typically markedly elevated due to tumor turnover in BL?
Published	06/12/2025	Name two metabolic complications of spontaneous tumor lysis in untreated BL.
Published	06/12/2025	Burkitt lymphoma rarely presents with a mediastinal mass; which lymphoma should you think of instead in a teen with such a mass?
Published	06/12/2025	Most common anatomic site of endemic BL?
Published	06/12/2025	Eye finding caused by orbital BL extension in endemic cases?
Published	06/12/2025	Initial misdiagnosis often given to endemic jaw BL leading to antibiotic therapy?
Published	06/12/2025	Most frequent abdominal site of sporadic BL?
Published	06/12/2025	Which intestinal complication can sporadic BL act as a lead point for?
Published	06/12/2025	What percentage of sporadic BL patients have CNS involvement at presentation?
Published	06/12/2025	Which clinical symptom triad (fever, night sweats, weight loss) are called _____ and are more common in adult BL?
Published	06/12/2025	Which AIDS‑related lymphoma accounts for ~30–40 % of HIV‑associated lymphomas?
Published	06/12/2025	Post‑transplant Burkitt lymphoma is classified under what broader disorder category?
Published	06/12/2025	Minimum percentage of bone marrow involvement to label disease as 'Burkitt leukemia'?
Published	06/12/2025	Standard CNS evaluation step in newly diagnosed BL?
Published	06/12/2025	Which imaging modality is FDG‑avid and useful but should not delay urgent BL therapy?
Published	06/12/2025	Name one histologic feature that helps distinguish diffuse large B‑cell lymphoma from BL.
Published	06/12/2025	Which chromosomal translocation defines follicular lymphoma and essentially rules out BL?
Published	06/12/2025	Expression of which surface marker distinguishes mantle cell lymphoma (blastoid) from BL?
Published	06/12/2025	TdT positivity and absence of surface Ig favor which diagnosis over BL?
Published	06/12/2025	Which HIV‑associated lymphoma with oral cavity predilection is CD138+ and CD20‑negative, distinguishing it from BL?
Published	06/12/2025	Is standard R‑CHOP adequate therapy for Burkitt lymphoma?
Published	06/12/2025	All BL regimens must include prophylaxis/treatment for involvement of which anatomic compartment?
Published	06/12/2025	Name the monoclonal antibody routinely added to chemo for BL because tumor cells express CD20.
Published	06/12/2025	Give one common intensive chemo regimen acronym used for BL.
Published	06/12/2025	Typical total duration of successful BL chemotherapy courses?
Published	06/12/2025	Mainstay prophylactic drug used to prevent uric acid nephropathy in tumor lysis syndrome?
Published	06/12/2025	Role of radiation therapy in first‑line BL management?
Published	06/12/2025	Primary purpose of a brief low‑dose 'cytoreduction' pre‑phase before full‑dose BL chemo?
Published	06/12/2025	Why is fertility preservation counseling important before BL treatment?
Published	06/12/2025	5‑year survival rate for pediatric limited‑stage (I/II) BL with modern therapy?
Published	06/12/2025	Approximate 5‑year survival for adults 40–59 y with BL?
Published	06/12/2025	Does BL relapse more commonly early (<2 y) or late (≥5 y) after therapy?
Published	06/12/2025	Presence of which two baseline sites of disease portends worse prognosis?
Published	06/12/2025	Extremely high serum LDH correlates with what prognostic implication in BL?
Published	06/12/2025	Anthracycline in BL regimens associated with late cardiomyopathy risk?
Published	06/12/2025	Which high‑dose antimetabolite used in BL therapy can cause neurocognitive late effects?
Published	06/12/2025	Name one secondary hematologic malignancy risk after BL chemo involving etoposide/cyclophosphamide.
Published	06/12/2025	Why do BL survivors require periodic echocardiograms?
Published	06/12/2025	African child + rapidly enlarging jaw mass = ______ until proven otherwise.
Published	06/12/2025	RLQ abdominal mass in a child causing intussusception suggests which lymphoma?
Published	06/12/2025	Tumor cells with nearly 100 % Ki‑67 proliferation index point toward which diagnosis?
Published	06/12/2025	Starry sky + t(8;14) + CD10+ + BCL2– strongly indicates ______.
Published	06/12/2025	Failure to include CNS prophylaxis in BL therapy most commonly leads to relapse where?
Published	06/12/2025	Which recombinant enzyme rapidly degrades uric acid and is preferred if TLS risk is very high?
Published	06/12/2025	Growth factor routinely administered after BL chemo to shorten neutropenia?
Published	06/12/2025	Antiviral prophylaxis important during BL chemo to prevent HBV reactivation when rituximab is used?
Published	06/12/2025	In HIV‑associated BL, concurrent initiation of which therapy improves outcomes?
Published	06/12/2025	BL diagnosis is disfavored if tumor harbors concurrent MYC and BCL2 translocations, termed ______.
Published	06/12/2025	New entity resembling BL morphologically but lacking MYC rearrangement and showing 11q gain/loss is called ______.
Published	06/12/2025	Which pediatric staging system is commonly used for BL?
Published	06/12/2025	Ann Arbor stage IV in BL corresponds to involvement of which sites?
Published	06/12/2025	BL cells: TdT – ; B‑ALL blasts: TdT ___?
Published	06/12/2025	Which neoplasm of childhood kidney may mimic BL abdominally but arises from renal parenchyma?
Published	06/12/2025	Neuroblastoma age group peak vs BL?
Published	06/12/2025	Multiple cytoplasmic lipid vacuoles in medium B‑cells = classic for ______.
Published	06/12/2025	Uniform medium‑sized cells with coarse 'lacy' chromatin describes which lymphoma?
Published	06/12/2025	What component of Hyper‑CVAD 'B' courses targets CNS sanctuary sites?
Published	06/12/2025	Dose‑adjusted EPOCH‑R delivers chemotherapy by continuous infusion over several days to reduce what?
Published	06/12/2025	Why is surgery restricted to diagnostic biopsy or complication management in BL?
Published	06/12/2025	First step when BL fails to achieve remission or relapses early?
Published	06/12/2025	Prognosis after early BL relapse despite first‑line therapy?
Published	06/12/2025	Malaria‑related T‑cell suppression permits unchecked proliferation of which EBV‑infected cells?
Published	06/12/2025	Flow cytometry finding that virtually rules OUT BL if present?
Published	06/12/2025	Surface light‑chain restriction (κ or λ) on flow indicates clonality of which cell type?
Published	06/12/2025	Board stem mentions 'tingible body macrophages' – think ______.
Published	06/12/2025	BL therapy must start within roughly how many hours of diagnosis to ensure best outcomes?
Published	06/12/2025	MYC drives aerobic glycolysis; what is this metabolic phenomenon commonly called?
Published	06/12/2025	What cellular safeguard normally triggers apoptosis in response to unchecked MYC activity?
Published	06/12/2025	Name one BL‑associated mutation that disables p53 regulation other than TP53 itself.
Published	06/12/2025	Which survival pathway is activated downstream of chronic B‑cell receptor signaling in BL?
Published	06/12/2025	EBV latent membrane protein mimics which TNF receptor to provide survival signals (sometimes expressed in BL)?
Published	06/12/2025	Why is an excisional lymph‑node biopsy preferred over FNA for suspected BL?
Published	06/12/2025	Cytology smear of BL often shows what distinguishing vacuoles?
Published	06/12/2025	Which pan‑B transcription factor confirms B‑cell lineage in BL?
Published	06/12/2025	Are BL cells positive or negative for CD5?
Published	06/12/2025	Expression of surface Ig light chains in BL is (polyclonal / monoclonal)?
Published	06/12/2025	Which purine metabolism product can crystallize in renal tubules during tumor lysis?
Published	06/12/2025	Name one electrolyte disturbance characteristic of tumor lysis syndrome besides hyperuricemia.
Published	06/12/2025	Jaw lesions in endemic BL often cause displacement or loosening of what dental structures?
Published	06/12/2025	Sporadic BL rarely involves which thoracic compartment, contrasting with T‑ALL?
Published	06/12/2025	HIV‑BL frequently involves what unusual extranodal site in females?
Published	06/12/2025	Which lymphoma expresses Cyclin D1 due to t(11;14) and can mimic BL blastoid morphology?
Published	06/12/2025	Primary CNS lymphoma in AIDS is usually which histologic subtype?
Published	06/12/2025	A mouth/jaw tumor in an adult HIV patient that is CD138+ suggests which diagnosis over BL?
Published	06/12/2025	Langerhans cell histiocytosis jaw lesions contain cells positive for which marker?
Published	06/12/2025	The 'M' in CODOX‑M stands for which high‑dose antimetabolite?
Published	06/12/2025	IVAC block of BL therapy contains ifosfamide, etoposide, and high‑dose _____?
Published	06/12/2025	Hyper‑CVAD alternates two courses: Course A contains cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, dexamethasone; Course B contains high‑dose methotrexa…
Published	06/12/2025	Which supportive medication is given after cyclophosphamide to protect the bladder?
Published	06/12/2025	Preferred intrathecal agents for CNS prophylaxis in BL (name two).
Published	06/12/2025	Without CNS prophylaxis, what is approximate risk (%) of CNS relapse in BL?
Published	06/12/2025	When treating HIV‑associated BL, which opportunistic infection prophylaxis should continue if CD4 < 200?
Published	06/12/2025	Why is DA‑EPOCH‑R favored in some HIV‑BL cases over CODOX‑M/IVAC?
Published	06/12/2025	Higher tumor bulk is often defined as any mass > ___ cm in greatest diameter.
Published	06/12/2025	Serum LDH > ___ × the upper limit of normal is considered high‑risk in BL staging.
Published	06/12/2025	Which genetic mutation (tumor suppressor) in BL is linked to inferior outcomes?
Published	06/12/2025	After BL therapy, surveillance imaging beyond 2 years is generally (recommended / unnecessary)?
Published	06/12/2025	Primary focus of long‑term follow‑up in BL survivors besides relapse monitoring?
Published	06/12/2025	At what time point post‑therapy is a BL patient often considered cured if disease‑free?
Published	06/12/2025	Child with abdominal mass, high LDH, cytoplasmic vacuoles on smear – diagnosis?
Published	06/12/2025	Adult with HIV, CD4 250, abdominal nodes, MYC translocation – diagnosis?
Published	06/12/2025	MYC protein functions primarily as what type of molecular regulator?
Published	06/12/2025	BL cells rely on which metabolic pathway for rapid ATP and biomass production?
Published	06/12/2025	High Ki‑67 staining indicates virtually all tumor cells are in which cell‑cycle phases?
Published	06/12/2025	Follicular lymphoma typically overexpresses which anti‑apoptotic protein?
Published	06/12/2025	Double‑hit lymphoma commonly rearranges MYC plus which other oncogene?
Published	06/12/2025	High‑grade B‑cell lymphoma with MYC and BCL2/BCL6 rearrangements is treated more like (BL / DLBCL)?
Published	06/12/2025	Granulocyte colony‑stimulating factor should be started how soon after completion of BL chemo cycle?
Published	06/12/2025	Most common infectious complication during neutropenia in BL therapy?
Published	06/12/2025	Empiric antibiotic class combination first‑line for febrile neutropenia?
Published	06/12/2025	Autologous stem‑cell transplant is considered in BL at what treatment juncture?
Published	06/12/2025	Allogeneic transplant may be considered when?
Published	06/12/2025	Which topoisomerase II inhibitor in IVAC block can cause secondary AML?
Published	06/12/2025	Cyclophosphamide causes what dose‑limiting bladder toxicity?
Published	06/12/2025	Key morphologic difference between BL and DLBCL cells regarding size?
Published	06/12/2025	DLBCL cells often positive for which anti‑apoptotic IHC marker absent in BL?
Published	06/12/2025	Percentage of diffuse large B‑cell lymphomas that carry MYC rearrangement?
Published	06/12/2025	t(8;14) → c‑MYC overexpression → ______ lymphoma.
Published	06/12/2025	t(14;18) → BCL2 overexpression → ______ lymphoma.
Published	06/12/2025	t(11;14) → Cyclin D1 overexpression → ______ lymphoma.
Published	06/12/2025	t(2;5) → ALK‑1 fusion → ______ lymphoma.
Published	06/12/2025	Isochromosome 17q (i(17q)) is characteristic of which leukemia, not BL?
Published	06/12/2025	Treatment delay in BL beyond one week can lead to what clinical consequence?
Published	06/12/2025	Give one reason PET‑CT may be less reliable post‑BL therapy.
Published	06/12/2025	Why are transfusions leukocyte‑reduced in BL patients undergoing chemo?
Published	06/12/2025	Standard prophylactic anticoagulation indicated? (Yes/No)
Published	06/12/2025	Which vaccine series should be deferred until immune reconstitution post‑chemotherapy?
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