Notes in Drug Treatment For CV Disease - Hypertension LECTURE 23

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Published	01/07/2025	causes of hypertension:disease?2 structural causes?4 hormonal causes?what else?{{c1::chronic kidney disease}}{{c1::structural cause: renal artery sten…
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Published	01/07/2025	molecular action at beta receptors:{{c1::Gs proteins}} - activation of Adenylate Cyclaseincrease of {{c1::cAMP}}activates {{c1::protein kinase A}…
Published	01/07/2025	propranolol{{c1::non-selective beta blocker}}What is it effective for?{{c1::effective for:- angina, hypertension, arrythmias- migraine, tremor- anxiet…
Published	01/07/2025	effects of beta blockers on the heart:- decreases {{c1::force and rate of contraction}}- decreases {{c1::BP}}side effects:- {{c1::fatigue}}-&nbsp…
Published	01/07/2025	effects of beta blockers on the lungs:receptor: {{c1::B2}}{{c1::bronchoconstriction}}side effects:- {{c1::breathlessness}}- {…
Published	01/07/2025	effects of beta blockers on arterioles:receptor: {{c1::B2}}- decreases supply to {{c1::muscles}}- decreases supply to {{c1::skin}}- dec…
Published	01/07/2025	what is an advantage of B1 selective beta blockers over non-selective?{{c1::developed to reduce side effects}}
Published	01/07/2025	what is the most commonly used B1 selective beta blockers?{{c1::Bisoprolol}}
Published	01/07/2025	hypoglycaemia and beta-blockersdangerous because:hypoglycaemia activates release of {{c1::adrenaline}}which mobilises {{c1::glucose from liver - gluco…
Published	01/07/2025	how can we reduce the amount of fluid in the body?{{c1::using a diuretic}}eg.{{c1::Bendroflumethiazide}} - most commonhow do they work?{{c1::make…
Published	01/07/2025	molecular action of Thiazide diuretics:blocks {{c1::sodium/chlorine symporter}} in {{c1::distal convuluted tubule}}
Published	01/07/2025	*!what is Indapamide?a {{c1::Thiazide}}-like drugactivates {{c1::KATP }}channel in smooth muscle of blood vessels to {{c1::dilate arterioles}}
Published	01/07/2025	effects of Thiazides (kidneys/arterioles):kidney {{c1::Na/Cl symporter}}- increases {{c1::Na+}} loss- increases {{c1::water}} loss- decreases {{c…
Published	01/07/2025	side effects of thiazide:Kidney{{c1::hyponatraemia}} (decreses Na+){{c1::hypokalaemia}} (decreases K+){{c1::alkalosis}} (decreases H+){…
Published	01/07/2025	other uses of Thiazides:{{c1::oedema}}{{c1::urinary tract stones}}{{c1::nephrogenic diabetes insipidus}}
Published	01/07/2025	alpha blockers - action- which receptors, which signalling pathway?- increase in?- leads to increase in? from?{{c1::a1 receptors act via Gq protein}}{…
Published	01/07/2025	alpha blocker drug{{c1::Doxazosin}} - most common in UKhow does it work?decreases intracellular {{c1::Ca2+ release}} in {{c1::arteriola…
Published	01/07/2025	side effects of alpha blockers{{c1::palpitations (reflex tachycardia)}}{{c1::postural hypotension}}
Published	01/07/2025	calcium channel blockers:class: {{c1::dihydopyridines}} - core: {{c1::Amlodipine}}other core: {{c1::Diltiazem and Verapamil}}
Published	01/07/2025	what is the molecular mechanism of Ca2+ channel blockers?block {{c1::L-type voltage gated Ca2+ channel}}decreases intracellular {{c1::Ca2+}}…
Published	01/07/2025	other uses of Ca2+ channel blockers{{c1::angina}}{{c1::Raynaud's syndrome}}{{c1::Arrhythmias (D&V)}}
Published	01/07/2025	Most common side effect of Ca2+ channel blockers:{{c1::ANKLE SWELLING}}
Published	01/07/2025	other side effects of Ca2+ channel blockers:p{{c1::alpitations}} (reflex tachycardia)c{{c1::onstipation}}f{{c1::lushing}}h{{c1::eadache}}exa…
Published	01/07/2025	What does ACE actually do?ACE converts {{c1::AT-I to AT-II}}ACE breaks down {{c1::Bradykinin (vasoactive peptide)}}
Published	01/07/2025	most common ACE inhibitor:{{c1::ramipril}}
Published	01/07/2025	side effects of ACE inhibitors:{{c1::dry cough}} ( due to bradykinin accumulation in lungs){{c1::renal impairment}} (esp with renal artery s…
Published	01/07/2025	ACE inhibitors also used for: {{c1::heart failure}}
Published	01/07/2025	Angiotensin II receptor antagonists mechanism of actionblock action of {{c1::AT-II}} on {{c1::AT1}} receptorcompared to ACE-I's (Angiotensin-Conv…
Published	01/07/2025	Angiotensin-II receptor antagonist: drug{{c1::Losartan}}
Published	01/07/2025	Aldosterone antagonist:Mechanism of action:blocks upregulation of {{c1::sodium channels in DCT by aldosterone}}drug: {{c1::Spironolactone}} ; {{c…
Published	01/07/2025	side effects of Spironolactone (aldosterone antagonist)Impaired {{c1::renal}} functionHyper{{c1::kalaemia}}{{c1::Gynaecomastia}} (similar st…
Published	01/07/2025	propranolol blocks: {{c1::B1 and B2 receptors (non-selective)}}
Published	01/07/2025	Which occupations can we especially not give Beta-blockers to if they are diabetic?
Published	01/07/2025	Give an example of a non-selective beta blocker.
Published	01/07/2025	NICE Guidance, who to treat for hypertension?what blood pressures are stage 1, 2 and 3 when are these treated?
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