Notes in 03AntigenCapture&Pres

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Published	07/30/2024	Several small populations of T cells other than CD4+and CD8+ cells are able to recognize non-proteinantigens {{c1::without::with/without}} the involve…
Published	07/30/2024	Functions of Other Antigen-Presenting Cells{{c1::Macrophages::APC}} present the antigens of phagocytosed microbes to effector {{c2::T cells::lymphocyt…
Published	07/30/2024	Functions of Other Antigen-Presenting Cells{{c1::Circulating monocytes::immune cell}} are able to migrate to any site of infection and inflammation, w…
Published	07/30/2024	Functions of Other Antigen-Presenting Cells{{c1::Macrophages::APC}} are capable of phagocytosis and expressing antigen in its surface through {{c2::Ma…
Published	07/30/2024	Functions of Other Antigen-Presenting Cells{{c1::B lymphocytes::APC}} internalize protein antigens and present {{c3::peptides}} derived from these pro…
Published	07/30/2024	The protein antigens that T cells can recognize are those that are presented ONLY in the Major Histocompatibility Complexes (MHC) {{c1::True::T/F…
Published	07/30/2024	Cell-signaling molecules{{c1::ICAM::ITAM/ICAM}} – mainly responsible for cell adhesions{{c1::ITAM::ITAM/ICAM}} – for cell signaling (and activation) o…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::MHC molecules}} are membrane proteins on APCs that display {{c2::peptide antigens}} for recognition by {{c3::T lymphocytes::lymphocyte}}
Published	07/30/2024	The Human Major Histocompatibility Complex, called {{c1::Human Leukocyte Antigen Locus (HLA)}} was discovered by searching for cell surface molecules …
Published	07/30/2024	The MHC locus contains {{c1::two::n}} types of polymorphic MHC genes
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Polymorphism}} refers to variations in a gene among individuals in an outbred population
Published	07/30/2024	The non-polymorphic molecules encoded in the MHC present peptides for T cell recognition. {{c1::False::T/F}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::IFN-γ::cytokine}} is one of the triggers for enhancing class II MHC molecule expression on APCs, enhancing  the activation of CD4+ T cellsI…
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Published	07/30/2024	The fully assembled class I MHC molecule is a trimeric complex consisting of (1) {{c1::α chain}}, (1) {{c1::β2- microglobulin}}, and a bound {{c1::pep…
Published	07/30/2024	The fully assembled class II MHC molecule is a trimer consisting of (1) {{c1::α chain}}, (1) {{c1::β chain}}, and a bound {{c1::antigenic peptide}}
Published	07/30/2024	The structure of a {{c2::immunoglobulin (B cell receptor)}} has {{c1::2 identical heavy chains and 2 identical light chains::components}} linked by di…
Published	07/30/2024	The structure of a {{c2::T cell receptor}} has {{c1::1 alpha and 1 beta chains::components}} linked by disulfide bridge/s
Published	07/30/2024	Antigens are most likely encountered by naïve T cells in {{c1::peripheral (secondary) lymphoid organs (like lymph nodes)}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Antigen-presenting cells (APCs)}} are the link of the innate and adaptive systems because they sample foreign microorganisms in order for T cell…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules}} are specialized proteins on cell surfaces which display host cell-associated antigens fo…
Published	07/30/2024	Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules are present in all {{c1::nucleated cells::cell type}}
Published	07/30/2024	Most T cells recognize {{c1::peptides on MHC molecules}} only
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::T cells::T cells/B cells}} recognize linear peptides
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::B cells::T cells/B cells}} recognize conformational determinants of protein antigens
Published	07/30/2024	A T cell receptor is capable of recognizing the MHC and peptide through {{c1::(1) contact residue of peptide (middle) and (2) the polymorphic residue …
Published	07/30/2024	The first APC-to-T-Cell relationship identified was between {{c1::macrophages and CD4 helper T cells}}
Published	07/30/2024	The three major types of APCs are {{c1::Dendritic cells, Macrophages, and B cells}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Dendritic cells::Dendritic cells/ Macrophages/ B cells}} cause the activation or clonal expansion of naive T cells to CD{{c2::8+ …
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Macrophages::Dendritic cells/ Macrophages/ B cells}} present microorganisms to CD{{c2::4+ helper}} T cells
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::B cells::Dendritic cells/ Macrophages/ B cells}} present antigens to CD{{c2::4+ helper}} T cells. The CD{{c2::4+ helper}} T cells will…
Published	07/30/2024	Dendritic cells identify microorganisms via {{c1::Toll-like receptors (TLRs) }}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Dendritic cells}} are the most effective APCs, and therefore the most effective initiator of T cell response
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::Dendritic Cells, macrophages, and B lymphocytes::3}} express class {{c1::II}} MHC molecules and other molecules involved in stimulating T c…
Published	07/30/2024	Microbes and protein antigens that enter through epithelia such as the skin and mucosa are concentrated in {{c1::lymph nodes}}
Published	07/30/2024	blood-borne antigens are concentrated in the {{c1::spleen}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Immature DCs in the skin (Langerhans cells) or dermis (dermal DCs)}} capture antigens that enter through the epidermis and transport the an…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Tissue resident resting DC::Tissue resident resting DC/ Activated DC}} expresses Fc receptors and mannose receptors
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::activated DC::Tissue resident resting DC/ Activated DC}} expresses molecules involved in T cell activation; these are {{c1::B7-1,…
Published	07/30/2024	The class II MCH molecules of {{c1::Activated DC::Tissue resident resting DC/ Activated DC}} have a longer half lifeTissue resident resting …
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Activated DC::Tissue resident resting DC/ Activated DC}} has more surface moleculesTissue resident resting DC: {{c1::~10^6}}activated DC: {{c1::…
Published	07/30/2024	Dendritic cells do not recognize {{c1::mammalian glycoproteins::organism receptor}}
Published	07/30/2024	The two major populations of dendritic cells are {{c1::Classical (conventional)}} dendritic cells and {{c1::Plasmacytoid}} dendritic cells
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Plasmacytoid}} dendritic cells are a major source of {{c2::type I interferons}} in innate immune responses to viral infections
Published	07/30/2024	Each MHC molecule consists of 3 parts:{{c1::1. Extracellular peptide binding cleft2. Immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domain3. Transmembrane and cytoplasmic d…
Published	07/30/2024	How many different peptides can bind to the same MHC molecule?{{c1::Many}}
Published	07/30/2024	How many different peptides can be dispalyed on 1 MHC molecule?{{c1::Just 1}}
Published	07/30/2024	Are peptides the only type of macromolecules that can be displayed on MHCs?{{c1::Yes::Y/N}}
Published	07/30/2024	How long to MHCs last?{{c1::Days/Long time::not exact time frame}}
Published	07/30/2024	Antigens from the {{c1::cytosol}} are degraded by {{c2::proteasomes}} to be displayed on class {{c3::I}} MHCs
Published	07/30/2024	Antigens from the {{c1::ECF that are phagocytosed into vesicles}} are degraded by {{c2::lysosomes or late endosomes}} to be displayed on class {{c3::I…
Published	07/30/2024	The peptides that bind to class I MHC molecules are derived from cytosolic proteins following digestion by the {{c1::ubiquitin-proteasome pathway.}}
Published	07/30/2024	Peptides generated by proteasomes in the cytosol are translocated by {{c1::transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP)}} into the {{c2::ER}}
Published	07/30/2024	Peptides translocated into the ER bind to class I MHC molecules that are associated with the TAP dimer through {{c1::tapasin}}
Published	07/30/2024	Class II molecules with {{c2::bound invariant chain, or CLIP}}, are transported into late endosomes and lysosomes, where the {{c2::invariant chain (Ii…
Published	07/30/2024	Another class II-like protein, called {{c1::DO}}, may regulate the DM-catalyzed removal of CLIP.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::cross-presentation or cross-priming}} indicates that one cell type (the DC) can present antigens from another cell (the virus-infected or tumor …
Published	07/30/2024	Are follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) derived from bone-marrow and related to dendritic cells?{{c1::No::Y/N}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::NKT}} cells express markers that are characteristic of both NK cells and T lymphocytes and express αβ (alpha-beta) T cell receptors with very li…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::𝜸𝜹 T}} cells are a small population of T cells that express antigen receptor proteins that are similar but not identical to those of CD4+ and CD…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::IFN-γ::cytokine}} and {{c1::type I interferons}} trigger the expression of class {{c2::I::I/II}} MHC molecules and the activation of {{c2::CD8+ …
Published	07/30/2024	Polymorphic MHC molecules display peptide antigens for recognition by effector T cells:Class {{c1::I}} MHC → Recognized by {{c2::C…
Published	07/30/2024	The expression of class {{c1::I::I/II}} MHC molecules on nucleated cells provides a display system for viral and tumor antigens, so these an…
Published	07/30/2024	Differentiated Class {{c1::II::I/II}}-restricted {{c1::CD4+ helper T lymphocytes::Effector T cells}} function mainly to:activate (or help) {{c2::…
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Published	07/30/2024	Cells in B cell-rich lymphoid follicles of the lymph nodes and spleen contain {{c1::Follicular Dendritic Cells (FDCs)}} that express receptors wh…
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