Notes in 04 Breast ultrasound

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Published	05/01/2023	Breast imaging: Breast UltrasoundWhat are the three zones described in normal breast anatomy?{{c1::subcutaneous/premammary}}, {{c1::mammary}}, and {{c…
Published	05/01/2023	Breast imaging: Breast UltrasoundWhich breast anatomy zone contains ducts and terminal ductal lobular units (TDLUs)?The {{c1::mammary}} zone
Published	05/01/2023	Breast imaging: Breast UltrasoundDermal breast lesions are almost always {{c1::benign::benign or malignant?}}
Published	05/01/2023	Breast imaging: Breast UltrasoundDermal breast lesions include {{c1::epidermal inclusion cysts}} and {{c1::sebaceous cysts}}
Published	05/01/2023	Breast imaging: Breast UltrasoundA breast lesion can be confidently diagnosed as a benign epidermal inclusion cyst or sebaceous cyst when it is locate…
Published	05/01/2023	Breast imaging: Breast UltrasoundWhich breast lesion has a true epidermal cell lining and arises from either plugging of a hair follicle by keratinous…
Published	05/01/2023	Breast imaging: Breast UltrasoundWhat is the most common type of epithelial cyst?{{c1::Epidermal inclusion cysts}}
Published	05/01/2023	Breast imaging: Breast UltrasoundOn ultrasound imaging, an epidermal inclusion cyst most often appears as a circumscribed lesion with variable interna…
Published	05/01/2023	Breast imaging: Breast UltrasoundWhich breast skin lesion is associated with sebaceous ducts and shares an epithelial lining with the sebaceous gland?…
Published	05/01/2023	Breast imaging: Breast UltrasoundEpidermal inclusion cysts and sebaceous cysts may be indistinguishable on clinical exam and ultrasound, but appear di…
Published	05/01/2023	Breast imaging: Breast UltrasoundSebaceous cysts are {{c2::lucent::lucent or dense?}} on mammo due to {{c1::fatty sebum contents}}
Published	05/01/2023	Breast imaging: Breast UltrasoundEpidermal inclusion cysts are {{c2::dense::lucent or dense?}} on mammo due to {{c1::internal keratin debris}}
Published	05/01/2023	Breast imaging: Breast UltrasoundWhat kind of margins do epidermal inclusion cysts and sebaceous cysts have?{{c1::Circumscribed}}
Published	05/01/2023	Breast imaging: Breast UltrasoundEpidermal inclusion cysts can arise from plugging of a hair follicle by {{c1::keratinous debris}}
Published	05/01/2023	Breast imaging: Breast UltrasoundEpidermal inclusion cysts and sebaceous cysts may be indistinguishable on clinical exam and ultrasound, but appear di…
Published	05/01/2023	Breast Imaging: Breast UltrasoundParenchymal breast fat is hyp{{c1::o}}echoic
Published	05/01/2023	Breast Imaging: Breast Ultrasoundfat in a lymph node hilum, fat in a lipoma, and fat necrosis may all appear hyp{{c1::er}}echoic
Published	05/01/2023	Breast Imaging: Breast UltrasoundThe {{c1::retromammary}} zone is just superficial to the pectoralis and contains fat and a few Cooper's ligaments
Published	05/01/2023	Breast Imaging: Breast UltrasoundWhich anatomical zone is the site of most breast pathology?The {{c1::mammary}} zone
Published	05/01/2023	Breast Imaging: Breast UltrasoundLesions arising from the {{c1::hypodermis}} (subcutaneous fat) can include a broader range of pathologies, including …
Published	05/01/2023	Breast Imaging: Breast UltrasoundRupture of an epidermal inclusion cyst or sebaceous cyst can incite a severe inflammatory reaction, leading to {{c1::…
Published	05/01/2023	Breast Imaging: Breast UltrasoundIf epidermal inclusion cyst or sebaceous cyst are suspected, which tissue sampling method should be avoided, and whic…
Published	05/01/2023	Breast Imaging: Breast UltrasoundWhen a lesion is not completely within the dermis, two clues can be helpful to establish dermal origin:visualization …
Published	05/01/2023	Breast Imaging: Breast UltrasoundThe red arrow is pointing to a {{c2::tract}} connecting a hypoechoic lesion to the skin surface, indicating a {{…
Published	05/01/2023	Breast Imaging: Breast UltrasoundThe yellow arrow is pointing to dermal tissue wrapping around the mass, known as the {{c2::claw}} sign, indicating a …
Published	05/01/2023	Breast Imaging: Breast UltrasoundWhich scanning plane has been advocated as superior?{{c1::Radial/antiradial}}
Published	05/01/2023	Breast Imaging: Breast UltrasoundWhy has radial/antiradial scanning been advocated as superior?{{c1::Ductal anatomy is oriented radially}}
Published	05/01/2023	Breast Imaging: Breast UltrasoundUltrasound scanning can be performed in which planes?{{c1::Radial/antiradial}} or {{c1::transverse/longitudinal}}
Published	05/01/2023	Breast Imaging: Breast UltrasoundWhich scanning plane is less suited to the centripetal breast anatomy, but is more familiar from body ultrasound imag…
Published	05/01/2023	Breast Imaging: Breast UltrasoundWhich scanning plane is shown?{{c1::Antiradial}}
Published	05/01/2023	Breast Imaging: Breast UltrasoundWhich scanning plane is shown?{{c1::Radial}}
Published	05/01/2023	Breast Imaging: Breast UltrasoundWhich scanning plane is shown?{{c1::Longitudinal (sagittal)}}
Published	05/01/2023	Breast Imaging: Breast UltrasoundWhich scanning plane is shown?{{c1::Transverse (axial)}}
Published	05/01/2023	Breast Imaging: Breast UltrasoundFull annotation is mandatory, including the side, the clock face position, the distance from {{c1::the nipple}}, and …
Published	05/01/2023	Breast Imaging: Breast UltrasoundBI-RADS lexicon for Shape{{c1::Round}}{{c1::Oval}}{{c1::Irregular}}
Published	05/01/2023	Breast Imaging: Breast UltrasoundBI-RADS lexicon for Orientation{{c1::Parallel}}{{c1::Not parallel}}
Published	05/01/2023	Breast Imaging: Breast UltrasoundBI-RADS lexicon for Margins{{c1::Circumscribed}}{{c2::Angular}}{{c3::Microlobulated}}{{c4::Indistinct}}{{c5::Spiculat…
Published	05/01/2023	Breast Imaging: Breast UltrasoundBI-RADS lexicon for Echo PatternAnechoicHypoechoicIsoechoicHyperechoic{{c1::Complex cystic and solid}}
Published	05/01/2023	Breast Imaging: Breast UltrasoundBI-RADS lexicon for Posterior Features{{c4::None}}{{c3::Enhancement}}{{c2::Shadowing}}{{c1::Combined}}
Published	05/01/2023	Breast Imaging: Breast UltrasoundA mass should be measured in all three orthogonal planes, with position labeled in terms of {{c1::clockface}} and {{c…
Published	05/01/2023	Breast Imaging: Breast UltrasoundWhich orientation is more likely to be benign?{{c1::Parallel}}
Published	05/01/2023	Breast Imaging: Breast UltrasoundParallel orientation is more likely to be {{c1::benign::benign or malignant?}}
Published	05/01/2023	Breast Imaging: Breast Ultrasound{{c2::Non-parallel}} orientation is suspicious for malignancy based on the propensity of a malignant process to …
Published	05/01/2023	Breast Imaging: Breast Ultrasound{{c1::Non-parallel}} orientation is known informally as "taller-than-wide"
Published	05/01/2023	Breast Imaging: Breast UltrasoundBenign masses typically have which margin?{{c1::Circumscribed}}
Published	05/01/2023	Breast Imaging: Breast UltrasoundNo clear boundary between the mass and its surrounding tissueBI-RADS Margin: {{c1::Indistinct}}
Published	05/01/2023	Breast Imaging: Breast UltrasoundFeaturing sharp cornersBI-RADS Margin: {{c1::Angular}}
Published	05/01/2023	Breast Imaging: Breast UltrasoundSerrated appearance of the marginsBI-RADS Margin: {{c1::Microlobulated}}
Published	05/01/2023	Breast Imaging: Breast UltrasoundLinear projections emanating from the massBI-RADS Margin: {{c1::Spiculated}}
Published	05/01/2023	Breast Imaging: Breast UltrasoundObscured is NOT a BI-RADS descriptor for ultrasound, only for {{c1::mammography}}
Published	05/01/2023	Breast Imaging: Breast UltrasoundMost benign and malignant lesions are hyp{{c1::o}}echoic
Published	05/01/2023	Breast Imaging: Breast UltrasoundWhich is more reliable to determine if a lesion has benign features, margins or echogenicity?{{c1::Margins}}
Published	05/01/2023	Breast Imaging: Breast UltrasoundAn anechoic structure has no internal echoes and most commonly (but not always) represents {{c1::a simple cyst}}
Published	05/01/2023	Breast Imaging: Breast UltrasoundA hypoechoic structure is defined as decreased echogenicity in comparison to {{c1::the surrounding mammary fat}}
Published	05/01/2023	Breast Imaging: Breast UltrasoundA hyperechoic structure is more echogenic than fat. It may be either equal or greater in echogenicity compared t…
Published	05/01/2023	Breast Imaging: Breast UltrasoundEcho pattern describing a lesion that is partially cystic and partially solid{{c1::Complex cystic and solid}}
Published	05/01/2023	Breast Imaging: Breast UltrasoundThe posterior features of a lesion describe the {{c1::attenuation}} characteristics of the sound beam deep to the les…
Published	05/01/2023	Breast Imaging: Breast UltrasoundPosterior enhancement is one of the characteristics of a {{c1::simple}} cyst, although on its own, posterior enhancem…
Published	05/01/2023	Breast Imaging: Breast UltrasoundRefers to a column of {{c2::increased::increased or decreased?}} echogenicity posterior (deep) to the mass{{c1::…
Published	05/01/2023	Breast Imaging: Breast UltrasoundAttenuation of the sound beam as it passes through the lesion{{c1::shadowing}}
Published	05/01/2023	Breast Imaging: Breast UltrasoundShadowing is associated with {{c2::fibrosis}}, such as from a neoplastic {{c1::desmoplastic}} reaction, or surgi…
Published	05/01/2023	Breast Imaging: Breast UltrasoundUltrasound of a benign mass:If even a single {{c1::malignant}} feature is present, then a lesion is indeterminate or …
Published	05/01/2023	Breast Imaging: Breast UltrasoundMarked hyperechogenicity (relative to fat)Benign or malignant feature? {{c1::Benign}}
Published	05/01/2023	Breast Imaging: Breast UltrasoundCircumscribed marginsBenign or malignant feature? {{c1::Benign}}
Published	05/01/2023	Breast Imaging: Breast UltrasoundParallel orientation to the skin (wider-than-tall)Benign or malignant feature? {{c1::Benign}}
Published	05/01/2023	Breast Imaging: Breast UltrasoundOval shapeBenign or malignant feature? {{c1::Benign}}
Published	05/01/2023	Breast Imaging: Breast UltrasoundFew gentle lobulationsBenign or malignant feature? {{c1::Benign}}
Published	05/01/2023	Breast Imaging: Breast UltrasoundThin echogenic pseudocapsuleBenign or malignant feature? {{c1::Benign}}
Published	05/01/2023	Breast Imaging: Breast UltrasoundSpiculated marginsBenign or malignant feature? {{c1::Malignant}}
Published	05/01/2023	Breast Imaging: Breast UltrasoundNon-parallel orientation(taller-than-wide)Benign or malignant feature? {{c1::Malignant}}
Published	05/01/2023	Breast Imaging: Breast UltrasoundAngular or microlobulated marginsBenign or malignant feature? {{c1::Malignant}}
Published	05/01/2023	Breast Imaging: Breast UltrasoundPosterior shadowingBenign or malignant feature? {{c1::Malignant}}
Published	05/01/2023	Breast Imaging: Breast UltrasoundMarkedly hypoechoic echotextureBenign or malignant feature? {{c1::Malignant}}
Published	05/01/2023	Breast Imaging: Breast UltrasoundWhat is the most specific sign of malignancy?{{c1::Spiculated margins}}
Published	05/01/2023	Breast Imaging: Breast UltrasoundWhat is the 2nd most specific sign of malignancy?{{c1::Non-parallel orientation}}
Published	05/01/2023	Breast Imaging: Breast UltrasoundThe following features are NOT helpful in differentiating between benign or malignant masses:sizeiso- or mild hypoech…
Published	05/01/2023	Breast Imaging: Breast UltrasoundWhat is the risk of cancer of a BI-RADS 3 lesion?{{c1::<2}}%
Published	05/01/2023	Breast Imaging: Breast UltrasoundAdditional BI-RADS 3 cases for which robust data does not exist includeisolated shadowing without {{c1::a mass}}andar…
Published	05/01/2023	Breast Imaging: Breast UltrasoundOval, hypoechoic, circumscribed, parallel mass, most likely a {{c2::fibroadenoma}}BI-RADS {{c1::3}}
Published	05/01/2023	Breast Imaging: Breast UltrasoundIsolated {{c2::complicated}} cyst containing low-level internal echoes, without {{c3::solid}} componentBI-RADS {{c1::…
Published	05/01/2023	Breast Imaging: Breast UltrasoundClustered microcystsBI-RADS {{c1::3}}
Published	05/01/2023	Breast Imaging: Breast UltrasoundHyp{{c3::er}}echoic mass with central hyp{{c3::o}}echogenicity, most likely {{c2::fat necrosis}}BI-RADS {{c1::3}}
Published	05/01/2023	Breast Imaging: Breast UltrasoundUltrasound demonstrates a hyperechoic mass with central hypoechogenicity, most likely fat necrosisif {{c1::an oil cys…
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