Notes in 10 Plasmodia

To Subscribe, use this Key

Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	07/30/2024	Vector of malaria
Published	07/30/2024	Malaria Undergoes alternating sexual ({{c1::sporogony::sporogony/schizogony}}) and asexual stages ({{c1::schizogony::sporogony/schizogony}}) in its li…
Published	07/30/2024	Malaria GeneralitiesIntermediate host: {{c1::Human}}Definitive host: {{c1::Mosquito}}Infective stage to mosquito: {{c2::Gametocyte}}Infective stage to…
Published	07/30/2024	6236b51a2f614d9885d6b52a4f747d66-ao-1
Published	07/30/2024	8e2dea23ad54483fbcb7ee4c0870d44d-ao-1
Published	07/30/2024	4376d927722f4218a95d12689b6f204f-ao-1
Published	07/30/2024	During the exo-erythrocytic cycle, sporozoites will form {{c2::schizonts}} containing {{c1::merozoites}}
Published	07/30/2024	During the exo-erythrocytic cycle, schizonts of {{c1::P. ovale and P. vivax::Plasmodium species}} can become dormant {{c2::hypnozoites}}&nbs…
Published	07/30/2024	During the erythrocytic cycle, {{c1::asexual::sexual/asexual}} multiplication will occur which is {{c2::synchronous::synchronous/asynchronous}}, …
Published	07/30/2024	During the sporogonic cycle, {{c1::sexual::sexual/asexual}} multiplication will occur, producing an {{c1::ookinete}}
Published	07/30/2024	Relapse occurs only in {{c1::P. vivax and P. ovale}}Due to {{c1::reactivation of hypnozoite}}
Published	07/30/2024	Recrudescenceoccurs only in {{c2::P. falciparum and P. malariae}}Due to {{c1::resistance to drugs}} after therapy{{c2::Undetectable}} d…
Published	07/30/2024	Merozoites form {{c1::immature::mature/immature}} trophozoites
Published	07/30/2024	macrogametocyte: {{c1::fem}}alemicrogametocyte: {{c1::m}}ale
Published	07/30/2024	Sporogonic cycle takes {{c1::8-35}} days
Published	07/30/2024	Sac-like structure with merozoites inside
Published	07/30/2024	Red chromatin dot and ring of cytoplasm
Published	07/30/2024	Merozoites infect {{c1::RBCs}} after bursting of schizont
Published	07/30/2024	Ookinete develops into {{c1::oocyst}} after penetrating the gut wall of the mosquito
Published	07/30/2024	Sac-like structure containing sporozoites
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Exflagellation}} is the process where the microgamete fertilizes the female macrogamete by exflagellating
Published	07/30/2024	After the oocyst ruptures, sporozoites migrate to the salivary glands in the {{c1::proboscis}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Hematin}} is a pigment found in Plasmodium due to the parasite feeding on hemoglobin
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::P. falciparum}} is the most prevalent Plasmodium species in the Philippines
Published	07/30/2024	P. falciparum generalitiesType of malaria: {{c1::Malignant Tertian malaria::Malignant/Benign}}Paroxysmal cycle: {{c1::36-48 hrs}}Size of parasiti…
Published	07/30/2024	P. vivax generalitiesType of malaria: {{c1::Benign Tertian Malaria::Benign/Malignant}}Paroxysmal cycle: {{c1::44-48 hrs}}Size of parasitized RBCs: {{c…
Published	07/30/2024	P. ovale generalitiesType of Malaria: {{c1::Tertian Malaria::Tertian/Quartan}}Paroxysmal cycle: {{c1::48 hrs}}Size of parasitized RBC: {{c2::Enlarged …
Published	07/30/2024	P. malariae generalitiesType of malaria: {{c1::Quartan malaria::Tertian/Quartan}}Paroxysmal cycle: {{c1::72}} hrsSize of parasitized RBC: {{c2::N…
Published	07/30/2024	Incubation periodsP. falciparum: {{c1::8-11}} daysP. vivax: {{c1::8-17}} daysP. ovale: {{c1::10-17}} daysP. malariae: {{c1::27-50}}&nbs…
Published	07/30/2024	Complications of P. falciparum{{c1::Cerebral malaria}}: most severe form{{c1::Anemia}}{{c1::Blackwater fever}}{{c1::Algid malaria}}: rapid development…
Published	07/30/2024	Prodromal symptoms of malaria{{c1::Feeling of weakness an exhaustion Desire to stretch and yawn Aching bones, limbs, and back Loss of a…
Published	07/30/2024	Ligands for rosette formation
Published	07/30/2024	Most adhesive virulence factor
Published	07/30/2024	RBC selectivityP. falciparum: {{c1::All}} RBCsP. vivax: {{c1::Young}} RBCsP. malariae: {{c1::Old}} RBCs
Published	07/30/2024	Gold standard for diagnosis of malaria is {{c1::thick and thin peripheral blood smear}}
Published	07/30/2024	Thick and Thin PBSThick smear: {{c1::screening::goal}}Thin smear: {{c1::Species identification::goal}}
Published	07/30/2024	Blood for thick and thin smears is taken during the {{c1::febrile period}} every {{c1::6-12 hrs}}
Published	07/30/2024	Quantitative Buffy CoatStain: {{c1::Acridine orange}}TAT: {{c1::8 minutes}}Capable of identification of species: {{c1::No}}Principle: {{c1::centrifuga…
Published	07/30/2024	Rapid diagnostic testDetects {{c1::PfHRP2}} for P. falciparumDetects {{c1::pLDH}} to distinguis P. falciparum from non-Falciparum species
Published	07/30/2024	Treatment{{c1::Chloroquine}}: main treatment; DOC for uncomplicated malaria{{c1::Arthemether combination treatment}}: for falciparum and malariae{{c1:…
Published	07/30/2024	Immunity to malariaPatients with {{c1::African}} ancestry{{c1::Duffy}} blood groupPatients with {{c1::Sickle cell anemia, G6PD deficiency, a…
Published	07/30/2024	Classic Malarial ParoxysmsCold stageLasts {{c1::10-15}} minutes{{c2::Shivering and chilling Intense peripheral vasoconstrictionVomitingChild…
Published	07/30/2024	Changes in malaria are brought about by {{c1::anoxia}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Intravascular::Intravascular/Extravascular}} anemia is due to rupture of infected and uninfected RBCs
Published	07/30/2024	Extravascular anemia{{c1::Infected::Infected/Uninfected}} RBC: Merozoites inhibit RBC deformability leading to increased stiffness and viscosity …
Published	07/30/2024	Anemia may also be due to {{c1::IL-6}} which can increase {{c2::hepcidin}} which decreases iron availability
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Anaerobic glycolysis and lactic acidosis}} occur due to ischemic changes in blood flow secondary to RBCs adhering to one another
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Changes in the endothelium}} can lead to increased permeability which can lead to edema, shock and congestion, eventually leading to necros…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Histotoxic anoxia}}: impaired cellular respiration leading to inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation
Published	07/30/2024	Delirium in hot stage paroxysmP. vivax and P. ovale: {{c1::2-6 hrs}}P. falciparum and P. malariae: {{c2::≥ 6 hrs}}
Published	07/30/2024	Massive intravascular hemolysis and passage of red/brown/black urine
Published	07/30/2024	Due to acute tubular necorsis secondary to RBCs sludging which plugs circulation. Sequestration is greatest in the medullary vessels
Published	07/30/2024	Abnormal bleeding derangementsAccelerated {{c3::fibrinogen}} turnoverConsumption of {{c2::antithrombin III, Protein C and S}} Increased {{c1…
Published	07/30/2024	Malabsorption is due to decreased {{c1::splanchnic}} perfusion
Published	07/30/2024	In pregnancy, malaria can lead to {{c1::fetal growth retardation}}
Published	07/30/2024	Cerebral malariaAssociated species: {{c1::P. falciparum}}Involves neurotransmitter abnormalities and NONO from {{c1::schizonts}}Can lead to sudden com…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Nephrotic syndrome}} is most commonly associated with {{c2::P. malariae}}
Status	Last Update	Fields