Notes in Epidemiology

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Published	08/28/2024	What is the ∆ence btwn. Endemic, Epidemic, and Pandemic?Endemic: {{c1::incidence low, prevalence low but constant}}Epidemic: {{c1::^ing inci…
Published	08/28/2024	What are non-communicable infections?Don't come {{c1::from another person}}.Can arise from {{c1::normal flora}}Ex: {{c1::Candida o…
Published	08/28/2024	Non-communicable infections can come from you being immunocompromised (AIDs and Candida). How else?From a {{c1::common source, or the environment…
Published	08/28/2024	What is ∆ence btwn. direct and indirect transmission of communicable disease?Direct: Straight {{c1::from one host --> another}} via {{c1:…
Published	08/28/2024	What are Zoonoses (type of communicable diseases)?Trasmitted from {{c1::Animal}} --> {{c1::human (dead-end hosts)}}.Can be {{c1…
Published	08/28/2024	How are pathogens of the respiratory system usually spread?{{c1::Salivary / respiratory route}}
Published	08/28/2024	How do pathogens found in food usually spread?The "ever popular" {{c1::fecal-oral route}}.Ex: {{c1::Salmonella or Typhoid}}
Published	08/28/2024	What is the ∆ence btwn. vertical and horizontal transmission of disease?Vertical: {{c1::Mother-child}}Horizontal: {{c1::one person to anothe…
Published	08/28/2024	What are important points about Neglected Tropical Diseases?Affect ~ {{c1::1 billion people}} worldwide, disproportionally affect {{c1::rural, im…
Published	08/28/2024	What are hot spots for neglected tropical diseases?Classic: {{c1::South America, Africa, India}}.
Published	08/28/2024	What are "DALYs"?"Disability-Adjusted Life Years" --> how much damage a disease can do when you consider {{c1::the decreased productivity of a…
Published	08/28/2024	What organism causes Chaga's Disease?{{c1::Trypansoma Cruzi}}, spread by the {{c1::Kissing Bug :ooo}}
Published	08/28/2024	What are symptoms of Chaga's Disease?Within 7 days, {{c1::chagoma & regional lymphadenopathy (if near eyes, Romana sign)}}10-30 days: {{c1::fever,…
Published	08/28/2024	What is an Emerging Infectious Disease (EID)?Disease that's {{c1::new or mutating --> new}} and has ^ing {{c1::incidence}}.Can spread if forei…
Published	08/28/2024	What is a major mechanism of becoming an Emerging Infectious Disease?{{c1::Horizontal Gene Transfer}}
Published	08/28/2024	What are the ∆ences btwn the three types of horizontal gene transfer?{{c1::Transformation}}: pick up DNA from environment{{c1::Conjugation}}: transfer…
Published	08/28/2024	Is E. coli O157:H7 and EID?{{c1::Yes}}.Only need {{c1::100 bacteria to get infected (acidophiles)}}
Published	08/28/2024	Is Lyme Disease an EID?{{c1::Yes}}, becoming {{c1::endemic in USA}}.Caused by {{c1::Borrelia burgdorferi}}
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