Notes in Nervous System Control of Skeletal Muscle

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Published	09/07/2023	Skeletal muscle motor pathways are {{c1::efferent}} only
Published	09/07/2023	A muscle fiber is usually innervated by a {{c1::single neuron}}
Published	09/07/2023	A {{c1::motor unit}} consists of a motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers it controls
Published	09/07/2023	Motor neuron action potential leads to {{c1::Ca2+}} entering {{c2::voltage-gated channels}} at the synapse
Published	09/07/2023	{{c2::Acetylcholine}} is released in vesicles at the {{c1::neuromuscular junction}}
Published	09/07/2023	{{c2::Acetylcholine}} binds to {{c1::nicotinic acetylcholine}} receptors
Published	09/07/2023	Acetylcholine binding opens ion channels, allowing {{c1::Na+}} to enter the postsynaptic cell, which {{c2::depolarizes}} the membrane
Published	09/07/2023	{{c1::Alpha Motor Neurons}} innervate extrafusal muscle fibers to generate force for posture & movement
Published	09/07/2023	{{c1::Gamma Motor Neurons}} innervate intrafusal muscle fibers (muscle spindle). Shortening of the muscle spindle concurrent with shortening of the ex…
Published	09/07/2023	Alpha and gamma motor neurons are {{c2::efferent}} fibers which are {{c1::coactivated}} to finely regulate the intensity of muscle contracti…
Published	09/07/2023	The gamma motor neurons, muscle spindle, and sensory neuron act as part of a {{c1::negative feedback loop}} to maintain muscle length at a desired val…
Published	09/07/2023	The muscle spindle measures {{c1::stretch}}
Published	09/07/2023	The {{c2::muscle spindle}} acts through {{c1::reciprocal innervation}} to cause contraction of stretched muscle and relaxation of antagonistic muscle
Published	09/07/2023	Golgi tendon organs are activated by {{c1::contraction}} of the muscle
Published	09/07/2023	The knee jerk reflex (Myotatic reflex) is an example of the {{c1::muscle spindle}} sensing and correcting stretch
Published	09/07/2023	The {{c1::Golgi Tendon Reflex}} limits tension within the muscle to protect muscle and muscle-tendon junction
Published	09/07/2023	The Golgi Tendon Reflex is important for maintaining force during {{c1::fatigue}}
Published	09/07/2023	Golgi tendon organs act in a {{c1::negative feedback loop}} to regulate tension
Published	09/07/2023	The {{c1::Withdrawal Reflex}} occurs when pain input to spinal cord excites/inhibits reciprocal motor neurons on pained side of the body and on opposi…
Published	09/07/2023	{{c1::Crossed extensor reflex}} provides postural support during withdrawal reflex of affected limb
Published	09/07/2023	Motor neurons have cell bodies located in {{c1::grey}} matter in the {{c1::ventral horn}} of the spinal cord
Published	09/07/2023	The steps of a reflex are 1. {{c1::stimulus triggers an action potential in a sensory neuron that travels to the spinal cord}} 2. {{c2::sens…
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