Notes in Environmental & Occupational Toxicology

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Published	11/04/2024	In assessing risk related to toxic agents, which equation accurately represents the relationship between toxicity and exposure?A. Risk = (Toxicity) + …
Published	11/04/2024	The potential for toxic effects is influenced by exposure circumstances. Which of the following situations is most likely to lead to acute toxic effec…
Published	11/04/2024	Which of the following statements accurately describes the concept of "toxicity" in relation to risk?A. Toxicity is the sole defining factor that dete…
Published	11/04/2024	In terms of exposure routes, which of the following routes is considered the most effective in producing rapid toxic effects?A. Ingestion through the …
Published	11/04/2024	The impact of a toxic agent can vary based on its route of administration. Which of the following scenarios exemplifies this principle?A. A chemical t…
Published	11/04/2024	Which of the following is an example of chronic toxicity?A. Skin burns from phenol absorptionB. Pulmonary edema from hydrogen fluoride exposureC.…
Published	11/04/2024	Which of the following pathways is NOT considered an entry route for contaminants?A. InhalationB. AbsorptionC. InjectionD. Observation
Published	11/04/2024	Which statement about individual susceptibility to chemical toxicity is true?A. Everyone is equally susceptible to all chemicals.B. Susceptibility var…
Published	11/04/2024	Which of the following statements about systemic toxicity is true?A. It occurs only at the site of contact.B. It does not involve multiple organ …
Published	11/04/2024	What determines whether a pathological injury caused by a chemical is reversible or irreversible?A. The type of chemical involvedB. The time elap…
Published	11/04/2024	In evaluating the exposure characteristics of a toxic agent, which of the following is crucial for understanding the agent's potency?A. The vehicle an…
Published	11/04/2024	Which of the following accurately defines acute exposure to a toxic agent?A. Exposure lasting less than 24 hours, typically from a single inciden…
Published	11/04/2024	In terms of exposure duration, which of the following descriptions best characterizes sub-acute exposure?A. Repeated exposure to a chemical for a dura…
Published	11/04/2024	Which type of exposure is defined by repeated contact with a toxic agent extending from several weeks to three months?A. Chronic exposureB. Sub-chroni…
Published	11/04/2024	For inhalation of toxic agents, which duration is typically considered acute exposure?A. Continuous exposure for less than 24 hours, commonly around 4…
Published	11/04/2024	In evaluating the risks associated with sub-chronic exposure, which of the following factors is crucial to consider? A. The duration of exposure must…
Published	11/04/2024	Which aspect of the dose-response relationship is essential for understanding toxicity in biological systems?A. It illustrates the correlation between…
Published	11/04/2024	When assessing dosage in toxicology, which unit of measurement is NOT typically used to express chemical exposure?A. mg/unit body weightB. mL/uni…
Published	11/04/2024	In toxicological studies, why is dosage considered the most critical factor in determining the expression of a substance's intrinsic potential?A. It i…
Published	11/04/2024	Which of the following best describes the implications of dosage on human health regarding toxic substances?A. Higher concentrations of any substance …
Published	11/04/2024	Which of the following statements is NOT associated with Minamata Disease?A. It primarily affects individuals exposed to high levels of toxicant parti…
Published	11/04/2024	Which of the following is NOT a recognized consequence of Minamata Disease?A. Severe memory loss and cognitive declineB. Physical deformities and…
Published	11/04/2024	What was a significant public health response to the Minamata Disease crisis in Japan?A. The immediate implementation of a national ban on all industr…
Published	11/04/2024	What was the first heavy metal to be classified as toxic?A. PbB. CdC. AsD. Hg
Published	11/04/2024	The following are where mercury was incorporated in/used medically before it was identified as toxic, except:A. Antiseptics and disinfectants\B. Denta…
Published	11/04/2024	Which is a consequence of the unique characteristic of metal as a pollutant?A. Non-degradable metals are ultimately removed by natural water cycles, m…
Published	11/04/2024	Which of the following is not true regarding pesticides?A. Sunlight exposure can alter some pesticides’ molecular structure, which may reduce their en…
Published	11/04/2024	Who are most exposed to pesticides?A. Agricultural workers and those in treated fieldsB. Consumers who regularly purchase and eat conventionally-…
Published	11/04/2024	How were miners primarily exposed to and poisoned by mercury?A. By inhaling mercury vapors released when mercury-gold amalgam is heatedB. Through…
Published	11/04/2024	Paracelsus, the father of Modern Toxicology,  stated that “all substances are poisons. There is none which is not a poison; the right dose differ…
Published	11/04/2024	Which statement/s is/are correct? A. A toxin is a toxic substance produced by phytotoxin, zootoxin, and bacteriotoxin.  B. A toxicant is an agen…
Published	11/04/2024	Environmental Toxicology is the study of the impacts of chemical pollutants on non-human biological organisms. What is an example of Environmental Tox…
Published	11/04/2024	Occupational Toxicology is the study of adverse effects of agents encountered by workers during employment. “Silent Spring” by Rachel Carson is a book…
Published	11/04/2024	True or False: According to the spectrum of undesired effects of chemicals, each drug produces a number of effects but usually only a few effects are …
Published	11/04/2024	All other effects of a drug is called “side effects”. Are all side effects deleterious to the well-being of humans?A. Yes, they are usually referred t…
Published	11/04/2024	True or False: Allergic reactions, Hypersensitivity, or Sensitization reactions are immunologically-mediated adverse reactions that may result from ex…
Published	11/04/2024	Chemical Idiosyncrasy is a genetically-determined abnormal reactivity to a chemical. Which statement/s describe chemical idiosyncrasy? A. The respons…
Published	11/04/2024	The following are possible properties of solvents and vapors except:A. LipophilicityB. VolatilityC. AddictiveD. Lithiumated
Published	11/04/2024	True or false. Tobacco smoke is the most preventable cause of death in the world today. A. True B. False
Published	11/04/2024	___ million die from tobacco smoke annually. A. 8B. 9C. 10D. 11
Published	11/04/2024	The following are individual practices that may increase our contact with chemicals except:A. Improper use of drugs and chemicalsB. Mispackaged d…
Published	11/04/2024	Which of the following is the correct hierarchical control of chemicals?A. Elimination, Substitution, Maximization of inventories, Engineering control…
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