Notes in 05SurgicalEmergencies

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Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Hemorrhage}} is described as large amount of bleeding in a short span of time
Published	07/30/2024	Hemmorrhage -> {{c1::low}} blood pressure -> {{c2::feeble thready}} pulse
Published	07/30/2024	The HR for tachycardia is {{c1::>100}} bpm
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::internal bleeding}} - bleeding occurs inside the body
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Blunt trauma}} is the impact with a flat object or surface
Published	07/30/2024	it is called {{c1::penetrating trauma}} when the body is pierced by a sharp, narrow object
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Arterial Bleeding}} is the most serious type of external bleeding
Published	07/30/2024	pulsating, spurting of bright red blood can be seen in {{c1::arterial bleeding::type of bleeding}}
Published	07/30/2024	slow oozing dark red blood can be seen in {{c1::venous bleeding}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Dressing}} - A pad that is placed directly on a wound to absorb blood and other fluids, promote clotting and prevent infection
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Bandage}} - Strip of material used to hold the dressing in place and control bleeding
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Tourniquet}} is a device placed around an arm or leg to constrict blood vessels and stop blood flow to a wound
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Hemostatic dressing}} is used when severe life-threatening bleeding exists. Used on parts of the body where a tourniquet cannot be app…
Published	07/30/2024	cover wound w sterile gauze, apply direct pressureif it soaks through, put another one on top + press harderapply roller bandage, tie or tape to secur…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Arterial tourniquet::type of tourniquet}} is used in severe limb injuries, hemorrhaging, surgical procedures requiring blood flow control
Published	07/30/2024	QC: Pressure Applied(1) Venous tourniquet (2) Arterial tourniquet{{c1::1 < 2}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC: Time interval of application(1) Venous tourniquet (2) Arterial tourniquet{{c1::1 < 2}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC: Risk of complication(1) Venous tourniquet (2) Arterial tourniquet{{c1::1 < 2}}
Published	07/30/2024	The factors that contribute to complication in the use of tourniquets are {{c1::Tourniquet Time}} & {{c1::Tourniquet Pressure}}
Published	07/30/2024	Recommended length of time for tourniquet use is {{c1::1.5-2 hours}}
Published	07/30/2024	Recommended amount of pressure for tourniquet use on the upper limb is {{c1::200 mmHg}}
Published	07/30/2024	Recommended amount of pressure for tourniquet use on the lower limb is {{c1::250 mmHg}}
Published	07/30/2024	Inflammatory reactions that occur when a tourniquet is prolonged for 4-5 hrs and is released suddenly{{c1::Reactive hyperemia}}{{c1::Inflammation}}{{c…
Published	07/30/2024	Local complications from the use of tourniquets:{{c1::Nerve injury}}{{c1::Muscle injury}}{{c1::Vascular injury}}{{c1::Skin injury}}
Published	07/30/2024	VR: (1) length of tourniquet application (2) Intensity of inflammatory reaction {{c1::inc 1, inc 2}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Direct force}} is a type of force that causes an injury at the point of impact/trauma
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Indirect force}} is a type of froce that causes MSK injury that is distal to the point of impact
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::twisting force}} is a type of force that causes an injury in an area due to the opposite rotational movement of two segments
Published	07/30/2024	General types of MSK injuries{{c1::Fracture}}{{c1::Dislocation}}{{c1::Sprain}}{{c1::Strain}}
Published	07/30/2024	In a {{c1::closed fracture::type of fracture}}, skin is unbroken, intact, and confined within the limb
Published	07/30/2024	In a {{c1::open fracture::type of fracture}}, skin over the fracture site is broken
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Dislocation}} is the displacement or separation of a bone from its normal position at a joint
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Sprain}} is the partial or complete tearing or stretching of ligaments, and other tissues at a joint
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Crepitus}} is the abnormal popping/grating/crackling sound or feeling that occurs when two pieces of bone rub together
Published	07/30/2024	RestImmobilize/IceCold/Comfortable supportElevate
Published	07/30/2024	T/FFractures should not be straightened, however this is an exception for angulated fractures{{c1::F. There are no exceptions}}
Published	07/30/2024	T/FWhen treating a MSK injury, immobilization helps in reducing the risk for severe bleeding{{c1::T}}
Published	07/30/2024	T/FWhen dealing with a MSK injury, splint injured part only if the injured person must be transported by a non-professional emergency personnel to a m…
Published	07/30/2024	Application of cold compress to a MSK injury should be not longer {{c1::20}} mins
Published	07/30/2024	When treating an MSK injury, Elevate injured area above {{c1::level of heart}} to slow flow of blood
Published	07/30/2024	When treating an MSK injury, always place a layer of {{c1::gauze or cloth}} between the source of cold and skin to prevent damage to skin
Published	07/30/2024	Types of Splints:{{c1::Soft splint}}{{c1::Rigid splint}}{{c1::Anatomic splint}}
Published	07/30/2024	When splinting, check body part {{c1::distal}} to injury for {{c2::circulation}} before and after splinting to ensure splint is not too tight
Published	07/30/2024	Apply splint to immobilize {{c1::bones}} or {{c1::joints}} both above and below the injured area
Published	07/30/2024	Cover any bleeding or open wounds, including open fractures, with sterile dressings and bandage with minimal pressure {{c1::before::before/after}} spl…
Published	07/30/2024	T/FWhen using a splint, secure the splint directly over the injury{{c1::F}}
Published	07/30/2024	T/FIn amputation injuries, bleeding may not be as bad as expected{{c1::T}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::amputation}} is the complete severing of a body part
Published	07/30/2024	clean amputated partwrap in moist gauzeplace in sterile/clean plastickeep cool with ice
Published	07/30/2024	Bleeding {{c1::will::will not/will}} cause thirst
Published	07/30/2024	When internally bleeding, skin feels {{c1::cool / moist}}, looks {{c2::pale / bluish::color}}
Published	07/30/2024	When internally bleeding, heart beat will be {{c1::fast::speed}} and {{c1::weak::strength}}
Published	07/30/2024	The area where blood is collecting will feel {{c1::tender, swollen, or rigid::soft/rigid}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Strain}} is the excessive stretching and tearing of muscle fibers or :tendons
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