Notes in Chapter_26:_Cardiac

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Published	07/07/2024	The ductus venosum is the connection between {{c1::portal vein}} and {{c1::IVC}}
Published	07/07/2024	VSD repair timing: - Large (>{{c1::2.5}} cm) repair at {{c2::1}} year(s) old - Medium ({{c1::2}}-{{c1::2.5}} cm) repair at {{c2::5}} year…
Published	07/07/2024	Medical management of atrial septal defect is with {{c1::diuretics::drug}} and {{c2::digoxin::drug}}
Published	07/07/2024	ASD is usually repaired around the age of {{c1::1}}-{{c1::2 years}}
Published	07/07/2024	The most common cyanotic heart defect is {{c1::Tetralogy of Fallot}}
Published	07/07/2024	Medical treatment of Tetralogy of Fallot is with {{c1::beta blockers}}
Published	07/07/2024	{{c2::Tetralogy of Fallot::heart defect}} is usually repaired around the age of {{c1::3}}-{{c1::6 months}}
Published	07/07/2024	The surgical repair of tetralogy of Fallot involves removal of {{c1::RV outflow obstruction}} and {{c1::VSD}} repair
Published	07/07/2024	Incision to repair patent ductus arteriosus if indomethacin fails is via a {{c1::left thoracotomy}} incision
Published	07/07/2024	Post-MI papillary {{c2::muscle rupture}} is treated with {{c1::intra-aortic balloon pump}} to temporize,with {{c1::valve replacement}} …
Published	07/07/2024	Post-MI papillary {{c2::ventricular septal rupture}} is treated with {{c1::intra-aortic balloon pump}} to temporize,with {{c1::pat…
Published	07/07/2024	Coronary artery disease complications: - Drug-eluting stent: restenosis at {{c3::1}} year is {{c1::20}}% - Saphenous vein gra…
Published	07/07/2024	The {{c2::internal mammary}} artery collateralizes with the {{c1::superior epigastric}} arteries
Published	07/07/2024	Properties of cardioplegia solution:- {{c1::High concentration of potassium}} - induces {{c2::cardiac arrest}}- {{c1::Cold (induces hypothermia)}} - p…
Published	07/07/2024	Highest success rate long-term is when internal mammary is grafted to the {{c1::LAD}}
Published	07/07/2024	CABG indications: - {{c4::Left main}} artery disease >{{c1::50}}% stenosis - {{c5::Most other}} artery disease >{{c1::70}}% stenosis&n…
Published	07/07/2024	The highest mortality risk factors in cardiac surgery can be remembered with POLEPre-operative {{c1::cardiogenic shock (worst risk factor)}}O{{c2…
Published	07/07/2024	{{c1::Bioprosthetic tissue}} valves do NOT require anticoagulation
Published	07/07/2024	{{c5::Bioprosthetic tissue}} valves are indicated for: - Patients who desire {{c1::pregnancy}} - Contraindication to {{c2::anti-co…
Published	07/07/2024	The limitation of bioprosthetic tissue valves is {{c1::limited life-span (10-15 years, less durable)}}
Published	07/07/2024	Bioprosthetic tissue valves last {{c1::10}}-{{c1::15}} years
Published	07/07/2024	Bioprosthetic tissue valves are avoided in younger patients because they undergo {{c1::calcification}} in 10-15 years
Published	07/07/2024	Aortic stenosis symptom mortality correlation - {{c1::Syncope}}: {{c3::3}} year survival - {{c1::Angina}}: {{c3::4}} year survival - {{…
Published	07/07/2024	Surgery is indicated in aortic stenosis if {{c3::symptomatic}}, if peak gradient greater than {{c1::40}} mm Hg,or if valve area of <{{c2::1}} …
Published	07/07/2024	The most common arrhythmia in mitral regurgitation is {{c1::atrial fibrillation}}
Published	07/07/2024	Mitral stenosis and mitral regurgitation are repaired if they are {{c1::symptomatic}}
Published	07/07/2024	The most common site of {{c2::prosthetic::prosthetic or native}} valve infections is the {{c1::aortic}} valve
Published	07/07/2024	The most common site of {{c2::native::prosthetic or native}} valve infections is the {{c1::mitral}} valve
Published	07/07/2024	Most cases of endocarditis are {{c1::left}}-sided
Published	07/07/2024	Two bacteria that favor {{c1::right}}-sided endocarditis are Staphylococcus aureus and {{c2::Pseudomonas}}
Published	07/07/2024	Endocarditis surgical indications: - Failure of {{c1::antibiotics}} - Severe {{c2::valve failure (e.g. flash pulmonary edema)}} - Peri{…
Published	07/07/2024	The most common {{c1::malignant}} heart tumor is {{c2::angiosarcoma}}
Published	07/07/2024	The most common metastatic tumor to the heart is {{c1::lung cancer}}
Published	07/07/2024	What do you do if you're coming off cardiopulmonary bypass and the aortic root vent blood is dark and aortic perfusion cannula blood is red?{{c1::Vent…
Published	07/07/2024	The most common cause of SVC syndrome is {{c1::lung cancer}}
Published	07/07/2024	SVC syndrome is treated with {{c1::emergent radiation}}
Published	07/07/2024	The management of SVC syndrome due to lung cancer is {{c1::emergent radiation}}
Published	07/07/2024	Post-op mediastinal bleeding indications for surgical re-exploration?> {{c1::500}} mL in the first {{c2::1}} hour(s)> {…
Published	07/07/2024	The top risk factors for mediastinitis are {{c2::obesity}}, use of {{c1::bilateral internal mammary arteries}}, and {{c3::diabetes}}
Published	07/07/2024	Symptoms of {{c1::post-pericardiotomy}} syndrome include {{c2::friction rub::sound}}, {{c3::fever::vital sign}}, {{c4::chest}} pain, and {{c…
Published	07/07/2024	Post-pericardiotomy syndrome diagnostic tests? - {{c1::EKG - shows diffuse ST-segment elevation in multiple leads::best test}} - {{c2::Echo …
Published	07/07/2024	Post-pericardiotomy syndrome is treated with {{c1::NSAIDs}} and {{c1::steroids}}
Published	07/07/2024	{{c2::Drug eluting}} stent re-stenosis rate at 2 years is {{c1::20}}%
Published	07/07/2024	The highest patency rates for a CABG conduit is the {{c1::internal mammary artery}} when grafted to the {{c1::LAD}}
Published	07/07/2024	The two {{c1::sup}}erior pulmonary veins come together before entering the heart
Published	07/13/2024	Patient has new bare metal stents, how long should you wait to schedule elective surgery{{c1::4 weeks}}
Published	07/13/2024	Patient has new drug eluting stents, how long should you wait before scheduling elective surgery?{{c1::6 months}}
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