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03 Anatomy: Abdominal Wall, Organs, and Inguinal Region
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The anterior abdominal wall extends from the {{c1::diaphragm::superior}} to the {{c1::inguinal ligament::inferior}}
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The anterior abdominal wall is divided into 4 quadrants by the {{c1::midsagittal::vertical}} plane and the {{c2::transumbilical::horizontal}} plane
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{{c2::Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ)::quadrant}} contents::{{c1::-Liver-Gallbladder-Duodenum (1st part)-Colon (hepatic flexure)}}
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{{c2::Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)}} contents::{{c1::-Stomach-Spleen-Colon (splenic flexure)}}
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{{c2::Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)}} contents:{{c1::-Cecum-Appendix}}
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{{c2::Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)}} contents::{{c1::-Descending colon-Sigmoid colon}}
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The periumbilical region contains {{c1::the small intestine}}
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Rebound tenderness at {{c2::McBurney's}} point, which is 1/3 of the distance from the {{c3::ASIS}} to the {{c3::umbilicus}}, is indicitive of {{c1::ap…
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The {{c2::transpyloric}} plane intersects {{c1::L1::vertebra}}
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The {{c2::subcostal}} plane intersects {{c1::L3::vertebra}}
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The {{c2::supracristal (iliac crest)}} plane intersects {{c1::L4::vertebra}}
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The {{c2::intertubercular (iliac tubercle)}} plane intersects {{c1::L5::vertebra}}
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The linea alba is located along the {{c1::midsaggital}} plane
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The {{c2::midclavicular}} lines are slightly {{c1::medial}} to the nipples
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The {{c1::iliac tubercle}} is the widest point of the iliac crest and is the point of origin for the {{c2::IT band}}
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The celiac trunk originates at vertebral level {{c1::L1+}}
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The superior mesenteric artery (SMA) originates at vertebral level {{c1::L1-}}
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The renal arteries originate at vertebral level {{c1::L2}}
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The inferior mesenteric artery originates at vertebral level {{c1::L3}}
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The bifurcation of the aorta occurs at vertebral level {{c1::L4}}
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The formation of the IVC occurs at vertebral level {{c1::L5}}
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Each testicle is pulled into the developing scrotal fold by a {{c1::gubernaculum}}
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The {{c1::tunica vaginalis}} is a remnant of the {{c2::processus vaginalis}} which wraps around each testicle
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Abdominal wall muscles (deep to superficial):(excluding rectus abdominis) Most deep-{{c1::Transversus abdominis}}-{{c1::Internal oblique}}-{{c1::…
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Transversus abdominis fibers run {{c1::horizontally}} and stop at the {{c2::semilunar}} lines
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{{c2::Transversalis fascia}} continues onto the spermatic cord as {{c1::internal spermatic fascia}}
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{{c2::Muscle fibers of the internal oblique}} continue onto the spermatic cord as {{c1::cremaster muscle}}
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The upper muscle fibers of the {{c2::internal}} oblique run {{c1::superomedially}}
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The abdominal wall is segmentally innervated by spinal nerves {{c1::T7-L1}}
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The umbilicus lies in the {{c1::T10}} dermatome
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{{c1::Cremasteric}} reflex ({{c4::L1, L2::spinal nerves}}):When the {{c2::inside of the thigh}} is scratched the {{c3::cremasteric}} muscles contractT…
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Muscle fibers of the {{c1::external}} oblique run {{c2::inferomedially}}
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Muscle fibers of the internal oblique end at the {{c1::semilunar}} line
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Muscle fibers of the external oblique end at the {{c1::semilunar}} line
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The lower free edge of the external oblique aponeurosis forms {{c1::the inguinal ligament}}
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The {{c2::external (superficial)}} inguinal ring is a separation in the aponeurotic fibers of the {{c1::external oblique}}
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The {{c2::deep}} inguinal ring is an outpuching of the {{c1::transversalis fascia}}
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The inguinal ligament attaches at the {{c1::ASIS::lateral}} and the {{c2::pubic tubercle::medial}}
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The {{c1::round ligament of the uterus}} is a remnant of the {{c2::gubernaculum}} found in females
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Contents of the inguinal canal:Both sexes: {{c1::Ilioinguinal nerve and genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve}}Males: {{c2::Spermatic cord}}Female…
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Muscle fibers of the rectus abdominis run {{c1::vertically}} and are interrupted by {{c2::tendinous intersections}}
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{{c2::Superior}} to the arcuate line, aponeurotic fibers pass {{c1::both anterior and posterior}} to the rectus abdominis
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{{c2::Inferior}} to the arcuate line, aponeurotic fibers pass {{c1::only anterior}} to the rectus abdominis
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Colles fascia is a continuation of {{c1::Scarpa's}} fascia in the pubic region which attaches to the posterior edge of the {{c2::urogenital diaphragm}…
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{{c1::Dartos}} muscle is an invisibly thin layer of smooth muscle attached to {{c2::the inner surface of the scrotal skin}}
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In males, camper's fascia {{c1::dissapears and is replaced by dartos muscle}}
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In females, camper's fascia {{c1::becomes part of the labia majora}}
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If the male urethra ruptures then urine will collect in the space defined by {{c1::colles fascia}} and will not flow into the thigh or anal region
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{{c2::Aponeurotic fibers of the external oblique}} continue onto the spermatic cord as {{c1::external spermatic fascia}}
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Layers of the scrotum and spermatic cord (superficial to deep):Most superficialScrotum1. Skin2. {{c3::Dartos muscle}}3. {{c3::Colles fascia (continuat…
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A {{c1::hernia}} is a protrusion of an organ through the wall that normally contains it
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All inguinal hernias pass through the {{c1::superficial}} inguinal ring
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A patent {{c2::processus vaginalis}} can allow for {{c1::indirect inguinal}} hernias
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{{c1::Indirect}} inguinal hernias must pass through both the superficial and deep inguinal rings
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{{c2::Indirect}} inguinal hernias pass {{c1::lateral}} to the inferior epigastric artery
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{{c2::Direct}} inguinal hernias pass {{c1::medial}} to the inferior epigastric artery
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{{c3::Direct}} inguinal hernias pass through {{c2::Hesselbach's triangle}} which is borderd by:{{c1::-Inferior epigastric artery-Rectus abdominis-Ingu…
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{{c1::Direct}} inguinal hernias are {{c2::acquired}} and must push through the layers of the abdominal wall
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{{c1::Indirect}} inguinal hernias are {{c2::congenital}} and follow the natural path of the inguinal canal
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The {{c1::inferior epigastric}} artery and vein gain access to the rectus sheath at the {{c2::arcuate line}} and become embedded in the {{c4::posterio…
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Structures that are not completely surrounded by visceral peritoneum are considered {{c1::retroperitoneal}}
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Structures that are completely surrounded by visceral peritoneum are considered {{c1::intraperitoneal (peritoneal)}}
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A {{c1::mesentery}} is two layers of {{c2::peritoneum}} suspending a viscus (organ)
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Mesenteries contain {{c1::neurovasculature}} for the organs (viscus) they are connected to
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During development, the gut tube is initially suspended by a single {{c1::dorsal::ventral/dorsal}} mesentery
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The ventral messentery of the {{c2::liver}} becomes the {{c1::falciform}} ligament
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The mesentery between the {{c2::liver}} and the {{c2::stomach}} becomes the {{c1::lesser omentum}}
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The gut tube rotates {{c2::clockwise}} (anterior shifts {{c1::right}}, posterior shifts {{c1::left}})
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The {{c2::dorsal}} mesentary of the {{c3::stomach}} becomes the {{c1::greater omentum}}
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The pancreas begins development as a {{c1::peritoneal}} structure but loses its mesentery and becomes {{c2::secondarily retroperitoneal}}
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The omental bursa (lesser sac) is continuous with the greater sac through the {{c1::epiploic foramen}}
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The omental bursa lies {{c1::posterior}} to the stomach
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The round ligament of the liver is also known as {{c1::ligamentum teres hepatis}}
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{{c3::Ligamentum teres hepatis}} is the thick {{c1::inferior}} edge of the {{c2::falciform}} ligament which contains the obliterated {{c4::umbilical v…
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The {{c2::lesser}} omentum is a mesentery that stretches from the {{c1::liver}} to the {{c1::lesser curvature of the stomach}}
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The lesser omentum can be subdivided into the {{c1::hepatogastric}} and {{c1::hepatoduodenal}} ligaments
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The {{c3::hepatoduodenal}} ligament contains the {{c2::portal triad}}: -{{c1::Hepatic portal vein}}-{{c1::Hepatic artery proper}}-{{c1::Common bi…
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The epiploic foramen is also known as the foramen of {{c1::Winslow}}
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The epiploic foramen lies {{c1::posterior}} to the {{c2::hepatoduodenal}} ligament
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The {{c1::greater}} omentum is a mesentary that extends from the {{c2::greater curvature of the stomach}} to the {{c3::posterior body wall}}
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The greater omentum has up to {{c1::4::#}} layers of peritoneum in certain regions
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The {{c2::transverse mesocolon}} serves as the inferior border of the {{c1::omental bursa}}
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The transverse mesocolon extends from the {{c1::posterior wall of the abdomen}} to the {{c1::transverse colon}}
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Boundaries of the {{c1::epiploic foramen}}Superior: {{c2::Liver}}Inferior: {{c3::Duodenum}}Posterior: {{c4::IVC}}Anterior: {{c5::Hepatoduodenal l…
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The {{c1::lateral}} umbilical folds contain the {{c2::inferior epigastric vessels}}
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The {{c1::medial}} umbilical folds contain the {{c2::obliterated umbilical arteries}}
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The {{c1::median}} umbilical fold contains the {{c2::obliterated urachus}}
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The distal portion of the stomach (the {{c2::pylorus}}) is on the {{c1::right}} side of the body
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Structures that never develop a mesentary are {{c1::primarily}} retroperitoneal
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