Notes in Nerve Injury

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Published	09/25/2024	f054d5c8ab44475aad9aa8a09eb5fa10-oa-1
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Published	09/26/2024	Neuronal {{c1::recovery}} is dependent on {{c1::where}} the damage occurs:1. The more {{c1::proximal}} the lesion, the more {{c1::incomplete}} the rec…
Published	09/26/2024	{{c1::Growth factors}}, released by target, normally binds to receptors on nerve {{c2::terminal}}, get internalized and transported {{c3::retrogradely…
Published	09/28/2024	What happens after an axon is cut?1. {{c1::Retraction}}2. {{c2::Inflammation}} (Expression of cytokines)3. {{c3::Degeneration}}
Published	09/29/2024	{{c2::Secondary}} degeneration: AKA {{c1::Wallerian}} degenerationThe fundamental concept of Wallerian degeneration is that survival of nerve fibers o…
Published	09/26/2024	Wallerian degeneration commences {{c1::2 to 3}} days after injury
Published	09/26/2024	In Wallerian degeneration, activation of {{c1::Schwann}} cells close to the injury site undergoes:1. {{c2::De-differentiation}}2. {{c3::Down-regulatio…
Published	09/26/2024	By {{c1::3rd}} day of {{c2::Wallerian degeneration}}, {{c3::macrophages}} infiltrate {{c4::distal}} nerve stump to {{c5::remove majority of myeli…
Published	09/26/2024	By {{c1::7th}} day of Wallerian degeneration, the {{c2::Schwann}} cells are {{c3::mitosing}} & {{c4::phagocytosing}} cellular & myelin debris.
Published	09/26/2024	By the {{c1::25th-30th}} day of Wallerian degeneration, the {{c2::axonal debris}} are {{c3::cleared}}
Published	09/28/2024	In {{c3::Wallerian degeneration}}, {{c1::schwann}} cells surround the empty {{c2::endoneurial tubes}} forming the {{c4::Bands of Büngner}}
Published	09/26/2024	The {{c1::Band of Büngner}} guide and support {{c2::axons}} which regenerate from the {{c3::proximal}} nerve stump into and through the {{c4::endoneur…
Published	09/26/2024	{{c2::Primary}} degeneration, only goes as far as the next proximal {{c1::nodes of Ranvier}}
Published	09/28/2024	Cell body changes in neuronal degeneration includes:1. {{c1::Swelling}}2. {{c2::Migration of nucleus to periphery of soma}}3. {{c3::Chromatolysis}} (B…
Published	09/26/2024	Chromatolytic changes include:1. {{c3::Dispersion of Nissl bodies}}2. {{c2::Movement of the nucleus}}3. {{c1::Swollen apperance}}
Published	09/26/2024	In {{c2::neuronal regeneration}}, {{c1::axonal sprouting}} can occur within {{c3::24hrs}} of injury.
Published	09/28/2024	If {{c1::neurites}} manages to make {{c2::distal}} connections, then the {{c3::nerve fiber maturation::3 words}} occurs with {{c4::increased}} {{c5::a…
Published	09/26/2024	The {{c2::neurites}} that {{c3::fail}} to make distal connections {{c1::die}}.
Published	09/26/2024	If the {{c1::perineurium}} is not disrupted then the axons will be guided along their {{c2::original}} pathway ({{c3::1-3 mm}}/day)
Published	09/26/2024	If the {{c1::perineurium}} is disrupted, {{c2::neurotrophic substances (NGF)}} secreted from {{c3::fibroblasts and schwann::2 types}} cells in {{c4::d…
Published	09/26/2024	{{c1::Neuromas}} form when {{c2::neurites}} (from axonal sprouting) migrate {{c3::aimlessly}} across a large gap.
Published	09/29/2024	Capacity of {{c4::neurons and schwann:: 2 types}} cells to support regeneration {{c1::declines}} with {{c2::time}} and {{c3::distance}}.
Published	09/26/2024	Good {{c2::functional recovery}} from neuronal injury is more likely when the lesion {{c3::does not::does/does not}} disrupt the {{c1::epineurium}} an…
Published	09/28/2024	Each {{c1::motor}} neuron branches {{c3::near its target::location}} to innervate {{c2::a number}} of muscle fibers
Published	09/26/2024	A {{c1::motor unit}} is a {{c2::single motor neuron}} with {{c3::all of the muscle fibers}} that it innervates
Published	09/26/2024	In {{c1::fine}} motor control, {{c2::many}} motor neurons innervate {{c3::few}} branches each, allowing for {{c1::finer control}} of the muscles.
Published	09/26/2024	In {{c1::coarse}} motor control, there are {{c2::few}} motor neurons innervating {{c3::more}} muscle fibers, which allows for greater {{c4::coordinate…
Published	09/26/2024	During regeneration, {{c2::not all}} axons reach their target. Those which do regenerate must branch {{c3::more extensively}}, resulting in {{c1:…
Published	09/26/2024	{{c2::Motor}} neurons may grow back to the {{c3::wrong target}} or innervate {{c1::opposing targets}}
Published	09/26/2024	Regenerated axons may become {{c1::myelinated}}, but are {{c2::smaller}} in diameter and {{c3::more numerous}} due to {{c4::branching}}.
Published	09/28/2024	{{c1::Osmium tetroxide}} stain darkens {{c2::myelin}} in cross-sections of peripheral nerves
Published	09/26/2024	{{c8::CNS}} axons undergo {{c1::Wallerian degeneration}} at {{c2::the same}} rate as {{c3::PNS}}, but they {{c4::do not}} {{c5::up-regulate}} {{c6::RA…
Published	09/26/2024	Neuronal regeneration is {{c1::minimal}} in {{c2::CNS}}
Published	09/28/2024	{{c1::Degeneration}} of {{c2::oligodendrocytes}} myelin takes {{c3:: much longer}} than of {{c4::schwann}} cells.
Published	09/26/2024	{{c1::Connective tissue}} structures are {{c2::absent}} in {{c3::CNS}} to provide {{c4::support}} for neuronal regeneration
Published	09/26/2024	Denervated {{c1::oligodendrocytes}} do not {{c2::de-differenciate}} and fail to form {{c3::bands of Büngner}}
Published	09/26/2024	Wallerian degeneration is {{c2::not robust}} in the {{c1::CNS}}, resulting in {{c3::incomplete clearance}} of myelin debris
Published	09/26/2024	{{c2::Oligodendrocyte-derived}} myelin associated {{c3::inhibitors}}1. {{c1::NOGO}}2. {{c4::Myelin-associated glycoprotein}} (MAG)3. {{c5::Oligodendro…
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