Notes in 01c Disorders of the Eye

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	05/01/2024	What visual deficit results from lesion of the macula?{{c1::Central scotoma}}
Published	05/01/2024	{{c2::Glaucoma}} is characterized by optic disc atrophy with characteristic {{c1::cupping}}
Published	05/01/2024	Glaucoma is associated with elevated {{c1::intraocular}} pressure
Published	05/01/2024	Glaucoma is associated with progressive {{c1::peripheral}} visual field loss if untreated
Published	05/01/2024	Open-angle glaucoma is associated with {{c1::increased}} age
Published	05/01/2024	Open-angle glaucoma is associated with {{c1::African-American}} race and family history
Published	05/01/2024	Open-angle glaucoma is {{c1::painless::painful or painless}}
Published	05/01/2024	Secondary {{c2::open}}-angle glaucoma is due to obstruction of the {{c1::trabecular meshwork}} (e.g. by WBCs, RBCs, retinal elements)
Published	05/01/2024	Primary {{c1::closed}}-angle glaucoma is due to enlargement or forward movement of the lens against the iris
Published	05/01/2024	{{c1::Closed}}-angle glaucoma is caused by obstruction of normal aqueous flow through the pupil
Published	05/01/2024	{{c1::Chronic}} closed-angle glaucoma is often asymptomatic with damage to the optic nerve and peripheral vision
Published	05/01/2024	Acute {{c1::closed}}-angle glaucoma is a true ophthalmic emergency
Published	05/01/2024	Acute {{c2::closed}}-angle glaucoma results in a(n) {{c1::painful::painful or painless}}, red eye that is fixed and mid-dilated
Published	05/01/2024	{{c2::Acute closed-angle}} glaucoma is characterized by sudden vision loss with {{c1::halos}} around lights
Published	05/01/2024	{{c2::Closed}}-angle glaucoma is characterized by frontal headache and a fixed, {{c1::mid-dilated}} pupil
Published	05/01/2024	{{c1::Age-related macular degeneration}} is characterized by degeneration of the macula
Published	05/01/2024	Age-related macular degeneration causes distortion (metamorphopsia) and eventual loss of {{c1::central}} vision
Published	05/01/2024	Which type of macular degeneration (dry or wet) is more common (>80%)? {{c1::Dry (nonexudative)}}
Published	05/01/2024	{{c2::Dry macular degeneration}} is characterized by {{c1::drusen}}, which is deposition of yellowish extracellular material in between Bruch's membra…
Published	05/01/2024	Dry macular degeneration is treated with {{c1::multivitamin}} and {{c2::antioxidant}} supplements; also smoking cessation if applicable
Published	05/01/2024	{{c2::Dry (nonexudative)}} macular degeneration is associated with {{c1::gradual::speed}} decrease in vision
Published	05/01/2024	{{c2::Wet (exudative)}} macular degeneration is associated with {{c1::rapid::speed}} decrease in vision
Published	05/01/2024	{{c2::Wet}} macular degeneration is due to bleeding, secondary to choroidal {{c1::neovascularization}}
Published	05/01/2024	Wet macular degeneration is treated with smoking cessation (if applicable) and {{c1::anti-VEGF}} injections
Published	05/01/2024	{{c1::Diabetic retinopathy}} is retinal damage due to chronic hyperglycemia
Published	05/01/2024	{{c1::Non-proliferative}} diabetic retinopathy is characterized by leakage of blood from damaged capillaries, resulting in hemorrhages and macular ede…
Published	05/01/2024	What is the treatment for non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy? {{c1::Blood sugar control}}
Published	05/01/2024	{{c1::Proliferative}} diabetic retinopathy results in new blood vessel formation with resultant traction on the retina
Published	05/01/2024	Proliferative diabetic retinopathy is treated with peripheral retinal {{c1::photocoagulation}}, surgery, and/or anti-VEGF therapy
Published	05/01/2024	Retinal {{c1::detachment}} is due to separation of the neurosensory layer of the retina (rods, cones) from the outer pigment epithelium layer
Published	05/01/2024	Retinal {{c1::detachment}} may be secondary to retinal breaks, diabetic traction, and inflammatory effusions
Published	05/01/2024	{{c1::Retinal detachment}} is visualized on funduscopy as crinkling retinal tissue and changes in vessel direction
Published	05/01/2024	Retinal detachment is more common in patients with high {{c1::myopia}} and/or history of head {{c2::trauma}}
Published	05/01/2024	Retinal {{c2::detachment}} is often preceded by posterior vitreous detachment, which presents with "{{c1::flashes}}" and "{{c1::floaters}}"
Published	05/01/2024	Retinal detachment eventually results in monocular loss of vision like a "{{c1::curtain drawn down}}"
Published	05/01/2024	What is the treatment for retinal detachment? {{c1::Surgery (emergency)}}
Published	05/01/2024	Ranibizumab and Bevacizumab are monoclonal antibodies against {{c1::Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)}} which prevents the growth of blood ves…
Published	05/01/2024	Bevacizumab can be used to treat Wet Age-related Macular Degeneration and {{c2::Proliferative}} Diabetic Retinopathy
Published	05/01/2024	Retinal blood vessel rupture leads to "flame" hemorrhages in {{c1::nonproliferative diabetic}} retinopathy
Published	05/01/2024	Microaneurysms are a sign of early {{c1::non-proliferative diabetic}} retinopathy
Published	05/01/2024	Neovascularization in proliferative diabetic retinopathy may cause secondary {{c1::closed-angle glaucoma}}
Published	05/01/2024	Proliferative diabetic retinopathy is prone to {{c1::hemorrhage}} due to disorganized neovascularization
Published	05/01/2024	The laminar part of the optic nerve passes through a special part of the sclera called the {{c1::lamina cribrosa}} that is the site of axonal inj…
Published	05/01/2024	A glaucomatous eye has 3 C's on fundoscopic exam:Cupping - cup-to-disk ratio {{c1::increases}}Color - {{c2::pale}} instead of {{c2::pin…
Published	05/01/2024	Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors can {{c1::treat::cause/treat}} glaucoma.
Published	05/01/2024	What is the most common cause of blindness in American adults age 20-64?{{c1::Diabetic retinopathy}}
Published	05/01/2024	Dry macular degeneration becomes wet when {{c1::Bruch's membrane breaks}}
Published	05/01/2024	Does diabetic retinopathy present with RAPD?{{c1::No}}
Published	05/01/2024	Does age-related macular degeneration present with RAPD?{{c1::No}}
Published	05/01/2024	Does glaucoma present with RAPD?{{c1::Yes, at later stages}}
Published	05/01/2024	What condition is shown by the funduscopic picture shown below?{{c1::Non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy}}
Published	05/01/2024	What condition is shown by the funduscopic picture shown below?{{c1::Macular degeneration}}
Published	05/01/2024	What condition is shown by the funduscopic picture shown below?{{c1::Proliferative diabetic retinopathy}}
Published	05/01/2024	What condition is shown by the funduscopic picture shown below?{{c1::Glaucoma}}
Status	Last Update	Fields