Notes in Lung Structure and Function

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Published	01/10/2024	The lung bud becomes separated from the foregut through a {{c1::tracheoesophageal}} septum
Published	01/10/2024	The cartilaginous, muscular and connective tissue components of the trachea and lungs are derived from {{c1::mesoderm}}
Published	01/10/2024	The epithelium of the internal lining of the larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs is derived from {{c1::endoderm}}
Published	01/10/2024	Fetal breathing movements begin {{c1::before}} birth
Published	01/10/2024	{{c1::Pneumothorax}} is the {{c2::accumulation of air in the pleural space}}
Published	01/10/2024	Which of the following is the first branching of the bronchial tree to have gas exchange capability?
Published	01/10/2024	Which of the following respiratory zone structure has the highest surface area of gas exchange?
Published	01/10/2024	Air moves {{c1::out}} of the lungs when the pressure inside the lung is {{c2::more than}} atmospheric pressure
Published	01/10/2024	Five main stages of lung development
Published	01/10/2024	What occurs in embryonic stage of lung development?
Published	01/10/2024	What occurs in pseudoglandular stage of development
Published	01/10/2024	What occurs in the canalicular stage of lung development?
Published	01/10/2024	What occurs in the saccular stage of lung development?
Published	01/10/2024	What occurs in the alveolar stage of lung development?
Published	01/10/2024	In utero, breathing occurs via {{c1::aspiration and expulsion of aminotic fluid.}}
Published	01/10/2024	At birth, {{c1::amniotic fluid}} in lungs is replaced by air and pulmonary vascular resistance {{c1::decreases}}.
Published	01/10/2024	Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH)
Published	01/10/2024	Pulmonary Hypoplasia
Published	01/10/2024	Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation (CCAM) or Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation (CPAM)
Published	01/10/2024	Pulmonary Sequestration
Published	01/10/2024	Bronchogenic Cysts
Published	01/10/2024	Tracheal Atresia
Published	01/10/2024	Tracheoesophageal Fistula (TEF)
Published	01/10/2024	Lobar Emphysema or Congenital Lobar Overinflation
Published	01/10/2024	Bronchial Atresia
Published	01/10/2024	Primary function of the lung is {{c1::gas exchange}}
Published	01/10/2024	General functions of Respiratory System
Published	01/10/2024	Bucket handle/water pump analogy of inspiration
Published	01/10/2024	Muscles of inspiration
Published	01/10/2024	Function of the diaphragm in inspiration
Published	01/10/2024	Function of the external intercostals in inspiration
Published	01/10/2024	Muscles of expiration
Published	01/10/2024	{{c1::Visceral}} pleura lines the {{c2::lungs}}, {{c1::parietal}} pleura lines the {{c2::inside of the chest wall. }}
Published	01/10/2024	At what point in airway are cartilage rings not visible histologically?
Published	01/10/2024	Conducting zone of the airway
Published	01/10/2024	{{c1::Conductive airways}} are the main site of airway resistance.
Published	01/10/2024	{{c1::Medium sized bronch}}i have highest airway resistance
Published	01/10/2024	The expiratory wheezing lung sounds in COPD patients is due to {{c1::Air passing through narrow airways}}
Published	01/10/2024	{{c3::Sympathetic (adrenergic)}} tone -> {{c1::beta2 receptor activation}} -> smooth muscle relaxation -> {{c2::bronchodilation}}
Published	01/10/2024	{{c3::Parasympathetic (cholinergic/muscarinic) tone}} -> {{c2::Muscarinic receptor}} activation -> smooth muscle contraction -> {{c1::broncho…
Published	01/10/2024	{{c2::Poiseuille's Law}} dictates that a 2-fold decrease in vessel radius yields a {{c1::16-fold increase}} in {{c1::resistance }}.
Published	01/10/2024	Function of bronchial arteries
Published	01/10/2024	Function of bronchial veins
Published	01/10/2024	Two lymphatic drainage systems of the lung
Published	01/10/2024	Function of the respiratory zone of airway
Published	01/10/2024	Wall of {{c2::pulmonary capillary}} is a single layer of {{c1::squamous epithelium}}
Published	01/10/2024	The tendency of the lung is to collapse {{c1::inwards}} because it is at a position {{c1::more}} than its normal resting position
Published	01/10/2024	After expiration, the tendency of the chest wall is to recoil {{c1::outwards}} because the chest wall is at a volume that is {{c1::smaller}} than its …
Published	01/10/2024	{{c1::Transmural pressure}} is the pressure that is overall acting on the alveoli
Published	01/10/2024	Transmural pressure (formula)
Published	01/10/2024	At rest, alveolar pressure is {{c1::0}}, and there is {{c1::no flow. }}
Published	01/10/2024	During inspiration, alveolar pressure is {{c1:: negative}}, and there is {{c1::flow into lungs }}
Published	01/10/2024	At end of inspiration, alveolar pressure is {{c1:: 0}}, and there is {{c1::no flow }}
Published	01/10/2024	During expiration, alveolar pressure is {{c1:: +}}, and there is {{c1::flow out of lungs }}
Published	01/10/2024	{{c1::Surface tension}} is forces in the alveoli that cause {{c2::collapse}} of alveoli
Published	01/10/2024	Elastic recoil is a force that causes the inflated lung to {{c1::recoil inward}}
Published	01/10/2024	Inverse of compliance is {{c1::elastance}}.
Published	01/10/2024	{{c1::Compliance}} is a measure of how volume changes as a result of a pressure change
Published	01/10/2024	In emphysema, compliance {{c1::increases}}, elastance {{c1::decreases}}, {{c1::less}} pressure is needed to increase volume, {{c1::higher}} FRC
Published	01/10/2024	In fibrosis, compliance {{c1::decreases}}, {{c1::more}} pressure is needed to increase volume, {{c1::less}} FRC
Published	01/10/2024	Explain how elastance, compliance, FRC, pressure/volume all relate.
Published	01/10/2024	Three major group of respiratory neurons
Published	01/10/2024	Two parts of the pontine respiratory system
Published	01/10/2024	How does DRG control respiration?
Published	01/10/2024	When does the pontine system get activated? How does it affect breathing?
Published	01/10/2024	Purpose of pneumotaxic center
Published	01/10/2024	How does forced expiration work in the brain?
Published	01/10/2024	The{{c1:: lung bud }}is an outgrowth of the {{c2::foregut portion}} of the digestive tract, and it turns into the {{c2::&nbsp…
Published	01/10/2024	The {{c2::larynx}} starts developing as a slit between the {{c1::fourth and the sixth pharyngeal arches}}.
Published	01/10/2024	The {{c1::pharyngeal arches}} are paired, symmetrical embryonic structures that sprout from the {{c2:: foregut }} and arch towards…
Published	01/10/2024	The lung bud's endoderm core develops into the {{c1::epithelial and glandular structures of the trachea and lungs}}
Published	01/10/2024	The lung bud's mesoderm develops into the {{c1::muscles, cartilages, and connective tissue.}}
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