Notes in 01 Airway Anatomy

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Published	12/13/2023	The right bronchus is {{c1::wider, shorter, more vertical}} than the left bronchus
Published	12/13/2023	The larynx extends from {{c1::C3::vertebrae}}-{{c1::C6::vertebrae}}
Published	12/13/2023	The trachea extends from {{c1::C6 to T5::vertebrae}}
Published	12/13/2023	The trachea bifurcates at {{c1::T5::vertebrae}}, which corresponds to the {{c2::angle of Louis}}.
Published	12/13/2023	The recurrent laryngeal nerve on the right side wraps around the {{c1::subclavian artery}}
Published	12/13/2023	During spontaneous inspiration, the lungs expand to create a slight {{c1::negative::negative/positive}} pressure within the alveoli.
Published	12/13/2023	Adam's apple is also known as the {{c1::superior thyroid notch}}.
Published	12/13/2023	The recurrent laryngeal nerve on the left side wraps around the {{c1::aortic arch}}.
Published	12/13/2023	The {{c1::vocalis}} muscle and {{c1::thyroarytenoid}} muscle {{c2::shortens/relaxes}} the vocal cords.
Published	12/13/2023	The vocal cord relaxers are innervated by the {{c1::recurrent laryngeal nerve}}.
Published	12/13/2023	The thyroarytenoid muscle {{c1::adducts}} the vocal cords.
Published	12/13/2023	The {{c1::aryepiglottic}} sphincter closes the {{c2::laryngeal vestibule}}.
Published	12/13/2023	The {{c1::interarytenoid}} sphincter closes the {{c2::posterior commisure}} of the glottis.
Published	12/13/2023	The {{c2::omohyoid}}, {{c2::sternohyoid}}, and {{c2::sternothyroid}} muscles all {{c1::depress}} the larynx.
Published	12/13/2023	The stylohyoid, geniohyoid, mylohyoid, and thyrohyoid muscles all {{c1::elevate}} the larynx.
Published	12/13/2023	The digastric muscle and stylopharyngeus muscle both {{c1::elevate}} the larynx.
Published	12/13/2023	The {{c1::left}} recurrent laryngeal nerve is more susceptible to injury.
Published	12/13/2023	The anterior side of the epiglottis is innervated by the {{c1::glossopharyngeal}} nerve.
Published	12/13/2023	Accidental {{c1::intracarotid}} injection during a glossopharyngeal block may lead to {{c2::seizures}}.
Published	12/13/2023	The hyoid bone attaches to the thyroid cartilage via the {{c1::thyrohyoid}} ligament (membrane).
Published	12/13/2023	A {{c1::Valsalva}} maneuver involves {{c2::exhalation}} against a closed glottis.
Published	12/13/2023	A {{c1::Muller}} maneuver involves {{c2::inhalation}} against a closed glottis.
Published	12/13/2023	Relaxation of the {{c2::tensor palatine}} muscle during anesthesia allows for the {{c1::soft palate}} to obstruct the airway.
Published	12/13/2023	The left mainstem bronchus is {{c1::5}} cm long.
Published	12/13/2023	In a normal patient, the distance from incisors to larynx is {{c1::13}} cm.
Published	12/13/2023	In a normal patient, the distance from larynx to carina is {{c1::13}} cm.
Published	12/13/2023	In a normal patient, the distance from incisors to carina is {{c1::26}} cm.
Published	12/13/2023	In children under {{c1::3}} years, both bronchi take off at a {{c2::55}}° angle from the trachea.
Published	12/13/2023	The {{c1::smallest}} generations of the airway have the largest cross-sectional area.
Published	12/13/2023	The smallest generations of the airway have the {{c1::thickest}} muscular layer.
Published	12/13/2023	The smallest generations of the airway cannot clear foreign substances because of the lack of {{c1::goblet}} cells and {{c1::ciliated}} cells.
Published	12/13/2023	{{c1::Goblet}} cells produce mucus, while {{c2::ciliated}} cells clear mucus.
Published	12/13/2023	What is the action of the geniohyoid muscle?{{c1::Elevate the larynx}}
Published	12/13/2023	What is the action of the mylohyoid muscle?{{c1::Elevate the larynx}}
Published	12/13/2023	What is the action of the thyrohyoid muscle?{{c1::Elevate the larynx}}
Published	12/13/2023	What is the action of the digastric muscle?{{c1::Elevate the larynx}}
Published	12/13/2023	What is the action of the omohyoid muscle?{{c1::Depress the larynx}}
Published	12/13/2023	What is the action of the sternohyoid muscle?{{c1::Depress the larynx}}
Published	12/13/2023	The {{c1::extrinsic}} laryngeal muscles support the larynx inside the neck.
Published	12/13/2023	The {{c1::intrinsic}} laryngeal muscles allow for phonation.
Published	12/13/2023	Which branch of the superior laryngeal nerve is motor only?{{c1::External branch}}
Published	12/13/2023	Which recurrent laryngeal nerve can be damaged in a patent ductus arteriosus ligation?{{c1::Left}}
Published	12/13/2023	Which recurrent laryngeal nerve can be damaged by an airway device (LMA, ETT)?{{c1::Bilateral}}
Published	12/13/2023	What membrane is punctured in a cricothyroidotomy?{{c1::Cricothyroid membrane}}
Published	12/13/2023	The {{c1::thyroepiglottic}} ligament connects the epiglottis to the thyroid cartilage.
Published	12/13/2023	What physiologic "fail-safe" mechanism will result in termination of a laryngospasm?{{c1::Hypercapnia, hypoxemia::2}}
Published	12/13/2023	How does the amount of cartilage change as the airway bifurcates?{{c1::Decreased cartilage}}
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