Notes in IV. Thymus

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Published	10/21/2024	Thymus is derived from the {{c1::third}} and inconsistently the {{c1::fourth}} pair ofpharyngeal pouches
Published	10/21/2024	The thymus is {{c1::10-35}} grams at birth→ Grows until puberty (Max.wt. of {{c1::20-58}} g )
Published	10/21/2024	The thymus is {{c1::5-15}} grams in adults→ Undergoes progressive {{c2::involution}}
Published	10/21/2024	Fibrous extensions of the capsule divide each lobe into numerous lobules→ Each with an {{c1::outer cortical layer}} enclosing the {{c2::central medull…
Published	10/21/2024	Characterized by thymic epithelial cells and thymocytes
Published	10/21/2024	Characterized by whorls of medullary epithelial cells with keratinized cores
Published	10/21/2024	Seen in DiGeorge syndrome→ Severe defects in cell-mediated immunity and variableabnormalities of parathyroid development and function
Published	10/21/2024	Characterization is:● Uncommon● Rarely exceed 4.0 cm in diameter● Can be spherical or arborizing● Lined by stratified to columnar epithelium● Fluid co…
Published	10/21/2024	In thymic hyperplasia,● Appearance of {{c1::B-cell germinal center}} within the thymus● Most frequently encountered in {{c2::myasthenia gravis}}
Published	10/21/2024	Ordinarily, the thymus in an adult is composed mostly of:
Published	10/21/2024	Follicular hyperplasia seen in this case of thymic hyperplasia with MG is associated with {{c1::autoantibody production}}
Published	10/21/2024	{{c1::Acetylcholine receptor antibodies}} diminish the receptor function in the skeletal muscle motor end plates → Leads to the onset of muscular weak…
Published	10/21/2024	Tumors of thymic epithelial cells
Published	10/21/2024	Characterized by:→ The neoplastic epithelial cells are arranged in a swirling pattern → Have bland, oval to elongated nuclei with inconspicuous nucleo…
Published	10/21/2024
Published	10/21/2024	Medullary-type epithelial cells or a mixture of medullary- and cortical-type epithelial cells
Published	10/21/2024	Characterized by:▪ Elongated or spindle-shaped ▪ With sparse infiltrated of thymocytes
Published	10/21/2024	Characterized by:▪ Admixture of polygonal cortical-type epithelial cells and a denser infiltrate of thymocytes
Published	10/21/2024	● Cytologically benign but locally invasive → More likely to metastasize → Epithelial cells are most commonly of the cortical variety, with abundant c…
Published	10/21/2024	● Gross: fleshy, obviously invasive masses ● Microscopic: most are squamous cell carcinomas
Published	10/21/2024	In Thymic Carcinoma, it is characterized by:→ Another variant → Consisting of sheets of cells that bear a close histologic resemblance to NPC (Nasopha…
Published	10/21/2024	● 40% present with symptoms stemming from {{c1::impingement on mediastinal structures}} ● 30-40% are detected in the course of evaluating patients wi…
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