Notes in 13 Mycobacteria

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	07/30/2024	Mycobacteria are acid fast bacilli and detected using {{c1::Ziehl-Neelsen or Kinyoun Technique}}
Published	07/30/2024	Mycobacteria are {{c1::a::ana/a}}erobic
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] WHO AFB Reporting Technique Severity1. 1+2. +1{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	Slow growing mycobacteria require more than {{c1::7}} days to grow in special media
Published	07/30/2024	Overtly Pathogenic Representative Mycobacteria:{{c1::M. tuberculosis M. leprae M. bovis}}
Published	07/30/2024	Potentially Pathogenic Representative Slow-Growing Mycobacteria:{{c1::}}
Published	07/30/2024	Potentially Pathogenic Representative Rapidly-Growing Mycobacteria:{{c1::}}
Published	07/30/2024	Just study the current burden of TB in the world.{{c1::TB is curable. Thus, people don't actually die of TB but die of human choices. Choices made by …
Published	07/30/2024	Mycobacteria Media: {{c1::Semisynthetic media agar (Middlebrook 7H10 and 7H11)Inspissated egg media (Löwenstein-Jensen)Liquid/Broth media (Middlebrook…
Published	07/30/2024	Semisynthetic Media Agar used for Mycobacteria: {{c1::Middlebrook 7H10 and 7H11}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Albumin}} in semisynthetic media agar neutralizes toxic & inhibitory effects of fatty acids in the media
Published	07/30/2024	Middlebrook {{c1::7H11}} agar also contains casein hydrolase
Published	07/30/2024	To observe Mycobacteria colony morphology, susceptibility, and testing, {{c1::Middlebrook 7H10 and 7H11}} agar is preferred
Published	07/30/2024	Inspissated Egg Media used for Mycobacteria: {{c1::Löwenstein-Jensen}}
Published	07/30/2024	For the selective cultivation of mycobacteria, {{c1::Löwenstein-Jensen}} media is preferred. It contains {{c1::malachite green}}
Published	07/30/2024	Liquid/Broth Media used for Mycobacteria: {{c1::Middlebrook 7H9 and 7H12}}
Published	07/30/2024	Mycobacterial growth in broth is shaped like {{c1::clumps or masses}}To disperse the growth, add {{c2::tweens (water soluble esters of fatty acid…
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Mycobacterial Growth Speed1. Solid Media2. Broth{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Runyon Classification}} - Classification based on mycobacterial growth rates, colony morphology, and pigmentation in the presence or absence of …
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Photochromogens::Runyon Classification}} - Mycobacteria that produce pigment in light but NOT in darkness
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Scotochromogens::Runyon Classification}} - Mycobacteria that develops pigment when growing in the dark
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Nonchromogens::Runyon Classification}} - Mycobacteria are nonpigmented or have light tan or buff-colored colonies
Published	07/30/2024	Photochromogen Mycobacteria:{{c1::Mycobacterium marinumM. asiaticumM. simiaeM. szulgai (when incubated at 25°C)M. kansasii}}
Published	07/30/2024	Scotochromogen Mycobacteria:{{c1::Mycobacterium marinumM. asiaticumM. simiaeM. szulgai (when incubated at 25°C)M. kansasii}}
Published	07/30/2024	Scotochromogen Mycobacteria:{{c1::Mycobacterium scrofulaceumM. szulgai (when incubated at 37°C)M. gordonaeM. flavescens}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::Muramyl dipeptide}} of tubercle bacilli creates a {{c1::granuloma}} when complexed w/ mycolic acid
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Phospholipids}} - This virulence factor of tubercle bacilli induces caseous necrosis
Published	07/30/2024	Microscopically, virulent strains of mycobacteria form {{c1::serpentine cords wherein AFB are arranged in parallel chains}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::Cord Factor (trehalose-6,6’-dimycolate)}} - This virulence factor of mycobacteria is extracted with {{c1::petroleum ether}}, inhibits migration …
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::Proteins}} - This virulence factor of mycobacteria is bound to a wax fraction and induces tuberculin sensitivity when injected
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::Polysaccharides}} - This virulence factor of mycobacteria induces immediate type of hypersensitivity
Published	07/30/2024	To fend off Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, one needs a mask with a pore size of {{c1::<1 um}}
Published	07/30/2024	Mycobacterium tuberculosis Principal Lesions: {{c1::Exudative, Productive (Proliferative) Type::2}}
Published	07/30/2024	Mycobacterium tuberculosis Exudative Lesion Clinical Findings:{{c1::Acute inflammatory reaction with edema fluidPMNs first appear, then monocytes…
Published	07/30/2024	Mycobacterium tuberculosis Productive/Proliferative Lesion Clinical Findings:{{c1::Granuloma w/ tubercle that may break into a bronchus, empty co…
Published	07/30/2024	Mycobacterium tuberculosis Chronic Granuloma 3 Zones:Central area of {{c1::large, multinucleated giant cells containing tubercle bacilli}}Mid zon…
Published	07/30/2024	How does Mycobacterium tuberculosis become extrapulmonary?{{c1::Mycobacteria are ingested by alveolar macrophages and are carried by lymphat…
Published	07/30/2024	In px w/ primary type Tuberculosis, the lesion is located at the {{c1::perihilar}} area
Published	07/30/2024	In px w/ Post-Primary/Reactivation type Tuberculosis, the lesion is located at the {{c1::apical}} area
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Ghon lesion}} - Lymph node undergoes massive necrosis then calcifies
Published	07/30/2024	After the TST is placed, induration is observed no later than {{c1::72}} hours after placement
Published	07/30/2024	(+) tuberculin test after BCG may last for {{c1::3-7 years}}, only the elimination of viable tubercle bacilli results in reversion of tuberculin test …
Published	07/30/2024	(+) Tuberculin Skin Test for >{{c2::5}} mm Induration is seen in these risk groups:{{c1::HIVRecent ContactFibrotic changes on chest radiograph cons…
Published	07/30/2024	(+) Tuberculin Skin Test for >{{c2::10}} mm Induration is seen in these risk groups:{{c1::Immigrants from TB-prevalent countries (within 5 years)In…
Published	07/30/2024	IFN-y Release Assay (IGRA) detects IFN-y that from {{c1::sensitized CD4+ T-cells}} in response to the aforementioned antigens
Published	07/30/2024	PCR for Diagnosing TB:Sn: {{c1::55-90}}%Sp: {{c1::99}}%
Published	07/30/2024	Primary diagnostic tool for all presumptive TB cases is {{c1::Xpert MTB/Rif}}
Published	07/30/2024	Xpert MTB/Rif detects {{c1::resistance to rifampicin}}
Published	07/30/2024	Presumtive Adult TB Clinical Findings:Any of the following:{{c1::- Cough of 2 weeks duration with or without other symptomsCough of any duration:- Clo…
Published	07/30/2024	Presumtive Pediatric TB Clinical Findings:At least {{c2::3}} of the following in a child who is a close contact:{{c1::Coughing or wheezing of ≥ 2 week…
Published	07/30/2024	If TB resistance is considered, a {{c1::TB culture}} is requested.
Published	07/30/2024	Pulmonary TB or Extrapulmonary TB except in the CNS, Bones, Joints DOC:{{c1::2HRZE/4HR for 6 months total}}
Published	07/30/2024	Extrapulmonary TB of the CNS, Bones, Joints DOC:{{c1::2HRZE/10HR for 12 months total}}
Published	07/30/2024	Mycobacterium leprae Media: {{c1::Not cultivable}}
Published	07/30/2024	Mycobacterium leprae Incubation Period: {{c1::5-10 years}}
Published	07/30/2024	Mycobacterium leprae MOT: {{c1::Could be Nasal droplets, soil}}
Published	07/30/2024	Mycobacterium leprae Vector: {{c1::Armadillos}}
Published	07/30/2024	Leprosy was eliminated as a public health hazard in the PH in {{c1::1998}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Tuberculoid (TT, BT)::Mycobacterium leprae Category}} Skin Lesion Clinical Findings:{{c2::One or few (solitary) sharply defined annular asy…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Borderline (BB, BL)::Mycobacterium leprae Category}} Skin Lesion Clinical Findings:{{c2::ill-defined plaques with an occasional sharp margi…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Lepromatous (LL)::Mycobacterium leprae Category}} Skin Lesion Clinical Findings:{{c2::Symmetric, poorly marginated, multiple infiltrated no…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Lepromatous (LL)::Mycobacterium leprae Category}} Nerve Lesion Clinical Findings:{{c2::Hypoesthesia a late sign; nerve palsies variable; di…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Borderline (BB, BL)::Mycobacterium leprae Category}} Nerve Lesion Clinical Findings:{{c2::Hypoesthetic or anesthetic skin lesions; nerve tr…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Tuberculoid (TT, BT)::Mycobacterium leprae Category}} Nerve Lesion Clinical Findings:{{c2::Skin lesions anesthetic early; nerve near lesion…
Published	07/30/2024	The most evidently affected nerves in leprosy is/are the {{c1::ulnar and great auricular}} nerves
Published	07/30/2024	Acid Fast Bacilli Category for LeprosyTuberculoid (TT, BT): {{c1::0-1+}}Borderline (BB, BL): {{c1::3-5+}}Lepromatous (LL): {{c1::4-6+}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Granuloma Organization1. Tuberculoid (TT, BT)2. Borderline (BB, BL)3. Lepromatous (LL){{c1::1 > 2 > 3}}
Published	07/30/2024	Macrophage differentiation for LeprosyTuberculoid (TT, BT): {{c1::Epithelioid}}Borderline (BB, BL): {{c1::Epithelioid in BB, Foamy in BL}}Lepromatous …
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Langhans Giant Cells1. Tuberculoid (TT, BT)2. Borderline (BB, BL)3. Lepromatous (LL){{c1::1}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Lepromin Skin Test (+++)1. Tuberculoid (TT, BT)2. Borderline (BB, BL)3. Lepromatous (LL){{c1::1}}
Published	07/30/2024	Leprosy Diagnosis (Cardinal Features of Leprosy):{{c1::1. Anesthetic or hypoesthetic skin lesions2. Enlarged peripheral nerves with impairment in the …
Published	07/30/2024	Multibacillary Leprosy (MB) Diagnosis:Skin Lesions: {{c1::More than 5 lesions}}{{c1::S::As/S}}ymmetric Distribution of skin lesionsNerve Damage: {{c1:…
Published	07/30/2024	Multibacillary Leprosy (MB) DOC:Invasive Regimen: {{c1::Rifampin daily for 3 years + dapsone daily indefinitely}}WHO (1982): {{c1::Dapsone daily plus …
Published	07/30/2024	Paucibacillary Leprosy (PB) DOC:Invasive Regimen: {{c1::Dapsone daily for 5 years}}WHO (1982): {{c1::Dapsone daily plus rifampin monthly for 6 months}…
Published	07/30/2024	Most common opportunistic bacterial infection in patients with AIDS (Coexist with HIV/AIDS (low CD4+ count)) is {{c1::Mycobacterium avium complex}}&nb…
Published	07/30/2024	Risk of developing disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infection is greatly increased in patients with CD4+ positive count of less than {{c1::100…
Published	07/30/2024	Mycobacterium avium complex Important Associated Disease in middle-aged to elderly women in the absence of chronic lung disease: {{c1::Lady Winde…
Published	07/30/2024	Mycobacterium avium complex Infection in Children Clinical Findings:{{c1::Cervical lymphadenitis}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::Johne disease::Disease}} Infection in Ruminants Etiology: {{c1::Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis}}
Published	07/30/2024	Mycobacterium avium complex DOC: {{c1::Clarithromycin or azithromycin + ethambutol}}
Published	07/30/2024	Mycobacterium kansasii Important Associated Diseases: {{c1::Nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease, Cervical lympphandenitis in children, Skin…
Published	07/30/2024	Mycobacterium kansasii DOC: {{c1::Rifampicin, Ethambutol, Isoniazid}}
Published	07/30/2024	Mycobacterium scrofulaceum Resevoir: {{c1::water}}
Published	07/30/2024	Mycobacterium scrofulaceum Important Associated Diseases: {{c1::chronic cervical lymphadenitis in children}}
Published	07/30/2024	Mycobacterium scrofulaceum DOC: {{c1::None. Cervical excision instead}}
Published	07/30/2024	Mycobacterium marinum DOC: {{c1::Rifampicin and Ethambutol}}
Published	07/30/2024	Mycobacterium marinum Infection Clinical Findings:{{c1::Fish tank granuloma - Single, small violet papule or nodule confined to one extremity dev…
Published	07/30/2024	Third most common mycobacterial infection after tuberculosis and leprosy is an infection from {{c1::Mycobacterium ulcerans}}
Published	07/30/2024	Mycobacterium ulcerans MOT: {{c1::mosquitoes and aquatic biting arthropods}}
Published	07/30/2024	Mycobacterium fortuitum complex DOC: {{c1::amikacin, doxycycline, cefoxitin, erythromycin, or rifampicin}}
Published	07/30/2024	Mycobacterium chelonae-abscessus commonly affect this demographic:{{c1::elderly, white, female non-smokers}}
Published	07/30/2024	Mycobacterium abscessus DOC: {{c1::Clarithromycin, amikacin, and cefoxitin}}
Published	07/30/2024	Mycobacterium chelonae DOC: {{c1::tobramycin, clarithromycin, linezolid, and imipenem}}
Status	Last Update	Fields