Notes in Anaesthesia

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Published	11/10/2024	Define general anaesthesia
Published	11/10/2024	Define local anaesthesia
Published	11/10/2024	Why do we need to deal w signs of pain when the animal is under general anaethesia?
Published	11/10/2024	Define balanced anaesthesia
Published	11/10/2024	What is required from anaesthesia?
Published	11/10/2024	What are the 3 main anaesthetic events?
Published	11/10/2024	What 4 areas need to be checked in preparation for anaesthesia?
Published	11/10/2024	Why are checklists important in preparation for anaesthesia?
Published	11/10/2024	Why are clinical audits important for anaesthesia?
Published	11/10/2024	Describe patient preparation checkilst for anaesthetic
Published	11/10/2024	How long should an animal be fasted for prior to surgery?
Published	11/10/2024	Why is fasting before anaesthetic so important?
Published	11/10/2024	Describe the procedure preparation checklist for anaesthesia
Published	11/10/2024	Describe the drug preparation checklist for anaesthesia
Published	11/10/2024	Describe the equipment/staff preparation checklist for anaesthesia
Published	11/10/2024	Define premedication
Published	11/10/2024	Why do we premed before anaesthesia
Published	11/10/2024	Describe Acepromazine and its use as a premed
Published	11/10/2024	Define the use of alpha 2 agonists as a premed
Published	11/10/2024	Name common alpha 2 antagonists used in premed
Published	11/10/2024	Which drug is used to reverse anaesthesia from alpha 2 agonists
Published	11/10/2024	Describe the use of benzodiazepines as a premed
Published	11/10/2024	What solvent is used for midazolam?
Published	11/10/2024	What solvent is used for diazepam
Published	11/10/2024	Describe the use of alfaxalone as a premed
Published	11/10/2024	Describe the use of opioids as a premed
Published	11/10/2024	What are the 3 key opioid receptor types?
Published	11/10/2024	What is induced by activation of mu opioid receptors?
Published	11/10/2024	Which opiod premeds target mu receptors?
Published	11/10/2024	What effect does activation of kappa receptors have?
Published	11/10/2024	Which opioid premeds target kappa receptors?
Published	11/10/2024	What effect does activation of delta opioid receptors have on a patient?
Published	11/10/2024	Define an ASA I patient
Published	11/10/2024	Define an ASA II patient
Published	11/10/2024	Define an ASA III (fair) patient
Published	11/10/2024	Define an ASA IV (poor) patient
Published	11/10/2024	Define an ASA V (grave) patient
Published	11/10/2024	What premeds should be used in an ASA I dogs & cats?
Published	11/10/2024	What premed should be used in an ASA II dogs and cats?
Published	11/10/2024	What premed should be used in ACA III-V dogs and cats?
Published	11/10/2024	What premed should be used in fear/aggressive patients?
Published	11/10/2024	Via which administration routes can we induce anaesthesia?
Published	11/10/2024	Describe the use of propofol as an induction agent
Published	11/10/2024	Why can't you give propofol in subsequent days in cats?
Published	11/10/2024	Describe the use of alfaxalone as an induction agent
Published	11/10/2024	Why do we keep a finger on a pulse when inducing anaesthesia in small animals?
Published	11/10/2024	Describe the use of ketamine in induction of anaesthesia
Published	11/10/2024	Describe dissociative anaesthesia
Published	11/10/2024	Describe the use of volatile agents in induction of anaesthesia
Published	11/10/2024	Why is intubation of a patient so important?
Published	11/10/2024	What is Murphy's eye
Published	11/10/2024	Why are PVC and silicone ET tubes better than rubber?
Published	11/10/2024	What are armoured ET tubes?
Published	11/10/2024	What is a cole tube?
Published	11/10/2024	Why is it important to measure the length of the tube before intubating?
Published	11/10/2024	How do you determine the width of ET tube to use?
Published	11/10/2024	Why is intubeaze (local anaesthesia) important when intubating cats?
Published	11/10/2024	How do you intubate large animal species?
Published	11/10/2024	Describe ET tubes used in equine species
Published	11/10/2024	Describe how to intubate a horse
Published	11/10/2024	What is a supraglottic airway device / V-gel?
Published	11/10/2024	What is an AMBU bag?
Published	11/10/2024	What complications can present from intubation?
Published	11/10/2024	What must be disconnected when moving the patient?
Published	11/10/2024	Label the breathing system from top to bottom
Published	11/10/2024	What is the function of breathing systems?
Published	11/10/2024	Describe the difference between rebreathing and non-rebreathing systems?
Published	11/10/2024	Describe the Lack breathing system
Published	11/10/2024	Describe the bain breathing system
Published	11/10/2024	Describe the T piece breathing system
Published	11/10/2024	How do we calculate fresh gas flow (FGF)
Published	11/10/2024	How do we calculate Minute volume?
Published	11/10/2024	Describe the circle breathing system
Published	11/10/2024	How do we calculate FGF for a circle breathing system
Published	11/10/2024	What is IPPV
Published	11/10/2024	What are the two most common anaesthesia maintenance drugs used and their colour association?
Published	11/10/2024	How does cardiac output effect how much anaesthetic gas we give our patients?
Published	11/10/2024	Define MAC
Published	11/10/2024	What are the MAC values for Isoflurane?
Published	11/10/2024	What are the MAC values for sevoflurane?
Published	11/10/2024	Why are MAC values useful?
Published	11/10/2024	Define Blood:Gas partition coefficient
Published	11/10/2024	Describe the use of APL valves in breathing systems
Published	11/10/2024	How large should a gas resevoir bag be in a breathing system?
Published	11/10/2024	Compare the benefits of each non-rebreathing system
Published	11/10/2024	Describe how to ventilate a patient with a circle breathing system
Published	11/10/2024	Describe the Humphrey ADE Circle breathing system
Published	11/10/2024	How do we set up induction chambers for small animals?
Published	11/10/2024	Why do we monitor patients under GA?
Published	11/10/2024	Describe the symbols used on a monitoring chart and what they mean
Published	11/10/2024	Describe the 3 hypos of monitoring during anaesthesia
Published	11/10/2024	How do we check the depth of anaesthesia in a patient under GA?
Published	11/10/2024	How is eye position used to assess anaesthesia depth?
Published	11/10/2024	Is this patient ready for surgery?
Published	11/10/2024	Is this patient ready for surgery?
Published	11/10/2024	Is this patient ready for surgery?
Published	11/10/2024	How does ketamine effect the jaw tone on anaesthetised patients?
Published	11/10/2024	How do we prevent a patient from becoming hypothermic during GA?
Published	11/10/2024	What is the avg. HR in an anaesthatised patient?
Published	11/10/2024	How do alpha 2 agonists effect m.m.s?
Published	11/10/2024	What BP parameter does a doppler measurre in cats and dogs?
Published	11/10/2024	At what blood pressure is perfusion of the heart, kidney and brain compromised?
Published	11/10/2024	What value should SpO2 be abover during GA?
Published	11/10/2024	On which limb should each ECG clip be applied?
Published	11/10/2024	What does a capnograph tell us?
Published	11/10/2024	What are normal pCO2 levels in dogs and cats under GA?
Published	11/10/2024	How does the Blood : gas partition coeffecient compare to induction of anaesthesia?
Published	11/10/2024	How does weight of the patient effect recovery time?
Published	11/10/2024	What is the MAC of isoflurane in equines?
Published	11/10/2024	whta is the MAC of sevoflurane in equines?
Published	11/10/2024	Give examples of unidimensional pain assessment scales
Published	11/10/2024	What challenges are there to pain scoring?
Published	11/10/2024	What is the benefit of composite pain scales over unidimensionsal?
Published	11/10/2024	Give an example of a composite pain scale in dogs
Published	11/10/2024	Describe physical appearance attributes that can be used to assess pain in a patient
Published	11/10/2024	How do we manage acute pain of an unknown cause?
Published	11/10/2024	Describe the use of paracetamol for pain relfief
Published	11/10/2024	What drug classes can be used for treating acute pain?
Published	11/10/2024	Describe the mechanism of action of local anaesthetics
Published	11/10/2024	What chemical compounds are local anaesthetics?
Published	11/10/2024	Name some commonly used local anaesthetic drugs and where they are used
Published	11/10/2024	Give some examples of local anaesthesia blocks in small animals and what they are used for
Published	11/10/2024	Which blocks would we use for a dog castration?
Published	11/10/2024	Which blocks would we use for an ovariohysterectomy?
Published	11/10/2024	Name dental blocks used in small animal dentistry
Published	11/10/2024	Describe the use of IVRA and what it could be used for
Published	11/10/2024	What is a Bier block and what species is it used in?
Published	11/10/2024	What blocks are used for a flank surgery in farm animals?
Published	11/10/2024	Describe the method of "Line" blocking for flank surgery in farm animals
Published	11/10/2024	Describe an "inverted L" block in flank surgery in farm animals
Published	11/10/2024	Describe paravertebral anaesthesia for flank surgery in farm animals
Published	11/10/2024	What blocking options are there for foot surgery in farm animals?
Published	11/10/2024	Describe a "ring" block for foot suregery in farm animals
Published	11/10/2024	Describe the use of Procaine as a local anaesthetic
Published	11/10/2024	Describe the use of Lignocaine for local anaesthesia in farm animals
Published	11/10/2024	Which nerve blocks do we use for eye surgey in horses?
Published	11/10/2024	How do we perform a retrobulbar nerve block in horses
Published	11/10/2024	Where do we perform a nerve block for the maxillary nerve?
Published	11/10/2024	Where do we perform nerve blocks for the mandibular nerve in horses?
Published	11/10/2024	When should you turn the vaporiser off for patient recovery?
Published	11/10/2024	What should be done with the resevoir bag once the vaporiser is turned off?
Published	11/10/2024	When is the greatest risk of anaesthetic death?
Published	11/10/2024	In small animal medicine which animals are most prone to death during recovery from GA?
Published	11/10/2024	When do you extubate a dog?
Published	11/10/2024	When should you extubate a brachycephalic?
Published	11/10/2024	When shuld you extubate on cats?
Published	11/10/2024	What is the highest cause of death in cats recovering from GA?
Published	11/10/2024	What should be done post-extubation?
Published	11/10/2024	Describe emergence delirium
Published	11/10/2024	How often shoudl TPRs be done post procedure?
Published	11/10/2024	How long should patients be monitored for post-op?
Published	11/10/2024	What are the signs of airways obstruction?
Published	11/10/2024	What should you do if patient has an airway obstruction?
Published	11/10/2024	Why is the risk of GA mortality higher in horses?
Published	11/10/2024	What should be done the night before GA in horses?
Published	11/10/2024	What should be done the morning of a GA surgery in horses?
Published	11/10/2024	What type of breathing circuit is used in horses?
Published	11/10/2024	What FGF is used for horses?
Published	11/10/2024	What premed do we use in horses?
Published	11/10/2024	Why do we give ACP in premed for horses?
Published	11/10/2024	When should you give ACP to a horse for premed
Published	11/10/2024	Which opioids can we use in horses and whats the difference?
Published	11/10/2024	How can we tell a horse is ready for induction of GA?
Published	11/10/2024	What drugs do we use to induce a horse for GA?
Published	11/10/2024	Which volatile anaesthetic agents are licensed in horses?
Published	11/10/2024	What shoudl we do with a horse follwing induction to prepare for surgery?
Published	11/10/2024	If a horse is still light and giving max isofulrane what can you do?
Published	11/10/2024	What is TIVA?
Published	11/10/2024	How can TIVA be achieved in horses?
Published	11/10/2024	What is the problem with Isoflurane in horses?
Published	11/10/2024	What is PIVA?
Published	11/10/2024	How can PIVA be done in horses?
Published	11/10/2024	How do we reduce hypotension in horses during GA?
Published	11/10/2024	What is classified as hypotension in a horse during GA?
Published	11/10/2024	Describe spinal cord malacia in horses under GA?
Published	11/10/2024	What are the common problems found in horses under GA?
Published	11/10/2024	How do we diagnose hypoxaemia during Ga in horses?
Published	11/10/2024	How can we correct hypoxaemia in horses under GA?
Published	11/10/2024	How can we reverse bradycardia in horses under GA?
Published	11/10/2024	HOw do we recover a horse from GA?
Published	11/10/2024	What complications can occur during recovery of horses from GA?
Published	11/10/2024	What may be causing bradycardia under GA?
Published	11/10/2024	How do we treat bradycardia under GA?
Published	11/10/2024	What may be causing tachycardia under GA?
Published	11/10/2024	How can we treat tachycardia under GA?
Published	11/10/2024	What are the causes of ectopic beats under GA?
Published	11/10/2024	How can we treat ectopic beats under GA?
Published	11/10/2024	What are the common causes of hypotension under GA?
Published	11/10/2024	How do we treat hypotension under GA?
Published	11/10/2024	What causes hypercapnia under GA?
Published	11/10/2024	What causes hypocapnia under GA?
Published	11/10/2024	What is this, whats causing it and is it a problem?
Published	11/10/2024	How do we treat hypoxaemia under GA?
Published	11/10/2024	What should you do in case of dysphoric/panicking recovery?
Published	11/10/2024	What things do you need to check before a GA of an ASA III-V patient?
Published	11/10/2024	How do we premed ASA III-V dog/cat patients?
Published	11/10/2024	How do we induce ASA III-V dog/cat patients?
Published	11/10/2024	How is monitoring an ASA III-V patient different?
Published	11/10/2024	How does GA of a sick horse differ to normal?
Published	11/10/2024	How long do you starve a rabbit before anaesthesia?
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