Notes in 02 Asynch: Liver and Pancreas Histology

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Published	09/03/2024	The largest organ of the body, not including the skin, is the {{c1::liver}}
Published	09/03/2024	The hepatocytes of the liver turnover every {{c1::150 days}}
Published	09/03/2024	The functional unit of the liver is the {{c1::lobule}}
Published	09/03/2024	A {{c1::central}} vein is found in the middle of each classic hepatic lobule, and a {{c1::portal}} vein is found at each vertex
Published	09/03/2024	The vertices of the classic hepatic lobules contain {{c1::portal triad (portal vein, hepatic a., bile duct)}}
Published	09/03/2024	Hepatocytes are made of {{c1::epithelial::1 of 4 basic tissue types}} tissue
Published	09/03/2024	Like other epithelial cells, hepatocytes are {{c1::polarized}}, but unlike most other epithelial cells, hepatocytes lack {{c1::a basement me…
Published	09/03/2024	Hepatocytes have a {{c1::polyhedral}} shape
Published	09/03/2024	Hepatocytes have microvilli on the {{c1::apical and basal}} surface
Published	09/03/2024	Hepatocytes have a lot of functions, and they have a lot of organelles to accomplish these functions:{{c1::rough ER}} for protein synthesis{{c1::smoot…
Published	09/03/2024	Hepatocytes are connected by {{c1::tight junctions::junction type}}
Published	09/03/2024	A hepatocyte'sapical surface faces {{c1::bile canaliculi}}lateral surface faces {{c1::other hepatocytes}}basal surface faces {{c1::blood vessels}}
Published	09/03/2024	The capillaries of the liver are {{c1::sinusoidal::continuous, fenestrated, or sinusoidal}}
Published	09/03/2024	The space between the sinusoidal endothelial cells and the basal surface of the hepatocytes is called the {{c1::space of Disse}}
Published	09/03/2024	The liver sinusoids contain a mix of blood from the {{c1::hepatic artery}} and {{c1::portal vein}}
Published	09/03/2024	At the basal surface, liver cells uptake:{{c1::sugars::from jejunum}}{{c1::AAs::from jejunum}}{{c1::bile acids::from ileum}}{{c1::bilirubin::from bloo…
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Published	09/03/2024	Bile would be toxic in the blood, so bile canaliculi in the liver are surrounded by {{c1::tight junctions}}
Published	09/03/2024	Hepatocytes secrete bile into {{c1::bile canaliculi}}, which empty into {{c1::canals of Hering}}, which empty into {{c1::bile ductules}…
Published	09/03/2024	The bile canaliculi are lined with {{c1::hepatocytes::cell type}}, and the canals of Hering and bile ductules are lined with {{c1::cholangiocytes::cel…
Published	09/03/2024	The arrows are pointing to {{c1::bile canaliculi}}
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Published	09/03/2024	In the liver lobules, {{c1::blood}} flows from {{c2::portal triad}} to {{c2::central vein}} and {{c1::bile}} flows from {{c2::central vein}} to {{c2::…
Published	09/03/2024	{{c1::Periportal}} hepatocytes get access to more nutrients than the {{c1::centrilobular}} hepatocytes downstream
Published	09/03/2024	Protein synthesis occurs more in {{c1::periportal (zone 1)}} hepatocytes, while detoxification and glycogen metabolism occur more in {{c1::c…
Published	09/03/2024	A {{c1::central}} vein is found in the middle of each portal lobule, and a {{c1::portal}} vein is found at each vertex
Published	09/03/2024	The {{c1::centrilobular (Zone 3)}} hepatocytes are affected first by ischemia, and the {{c1::periportal (Zone 1)}} hepatocytes are affected …
Published	09/03/2024	Zone 1 hepatocytes do {{c1::GNG::carb metabolism}} and {{c1::β-oxidation::fat metabolism}}, while zone 3 hepatocytes do {{c1::glycolysi…
Published	09/03/2024	Zone {{c1::3 (centrilobular)}} hepatocytes are most affected by alcoholic hepatitis, since they're the ones that detox alcohol
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Published	09/03/2024	If 30% of the liver is removed, it will be repaired by {{c1::hypertrophy}}.If 60% of the liver is removed, it will be repaired by {{c1::hype…
Published	09/03/2024	Liver stem cells are called {{c1::oval cells}} and they are located in {{c2::bile ductules near portal triad}}
Published	09/03/2024	Stellate macrophages are also called {{c1::Kupffer}} cells and are found in the {{c2::sinusoid}}. Hepatic stellate cells are also called {{c1::Ito}} c…
Published	09/03/2024	The function of hepatic stellate cells is mainly to {{c1::store lipids and fat-soluble vitamins}}. When activated, they will also produce ECM and…
Published	09/03/2024	Kupffer cells are derived from {{c1::hematopoietic}} stem cells, and Ito cells are derived from {{c1::mesenchymal}} stem cells
Published	02/26/2024	In the image of the pancreas below, the lighter-staining areas are the {{c1::islets of Langerhans}} and the darker-staining areas are the {{…
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Published	09/03/2024	The {{c1::acini}} make up more of the pancreas compared to the {{c1::islets of Langerhans}}
Published	09/03/2024	The pancreas has 4 mechanisms to protect itself from its own proteases:proteases synth'd in {{c1::zymogen}} form{{c1::trypsin inhibitor}} included in …
Published	09/03/2024	The 4 types of ducts in the pancreas, in the order that secretions flow through them:{{c1::intercalated}} duct{{c1::intralobular}} duct{{c1::interlobu…
Published	09/03/2024	Lining of the pancreatic ducts:intercalated: {{c1::simple squamous}} epitheliumintralobular: {{c1::simple cuboidal to columnar}} epitheliumi…
Published	09/03/2024	{{c1::Centroacinar (and ductal) cells::cell type}} secrete the bicarb component of pancreatic juice
Published	09/03/2024	Centroacinar cells are an extension of the {{c1::intercalated}} duct into the pancreatic acinus
Published	09/03/2024	Compared to the other cells of the pancreatic acinus, the centroacinar cell is relatively {{c1::small and pale}}
Published	09/03/2024	Tumors are most often found in the {{c1::head}} of the pancreas
Published	09/03/2024	The islets of Langerhans are concentrated in the {{c1::tail}} of the pancreas
Published	09/03/2024	The capillaries in the islets of Langerhans are {{c1::fenestrated::continuous, fenestrated, or sinusoidal}}
Published	09/03/2024	In the islets of Langerhans, {{c1::beta}} cells are the most abundant, {{c1::delta}} cells are the least abundant, and {{c1::alpha}} cells a…
Published	09/03/2024	This image is taken from the {{c1::pancreas::organ}}
Published	09/03/2024	What is A?{{c1::Portal venule}}
Published	09/03/2024	What is B?{{c1::Hepatic arteriole}}
Published	09/03/2024	What is C?{{c1::Bile ductule}}
Published	09/03/2024	What is D?{{c1::Kupffer Cell (Stellate Macrophage)}}
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