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Notes in 06 Mesenteric and pelvic vessels

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Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsThe {{c2::celiac}} artery arises from level of {{c1::T12}} vertebral body
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsThe {{c2::superior mesenteric}} artery arises at the level of the {{c1::T12–L1}} disc sp…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsThe {{c2::renal}} arteries arise at the level of the {{c1::L1–L2}} disc space.
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsThe {{c2::inferior mesenteric (IMA)}} artery  arises to the left of midline at the …
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsNormal celiac artery anatomy contains three main branches:1. {{c1::Left gastric artery}}2. {{c2::Comm…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic Vessels{{c1::Left gastric artery::Which vessel}} may be the source of bleeding in esophageal Mallory-Weiss…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsThe left gastroepiploic artery arises from the {{c1::splenic}} artery 
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsThe right gastroepiploic artery arises from the {{c1::gastroduodenal}} artery 
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsThe {{c1::proper}} hepatic artery supplies blood to the liver
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsThe {{c2::proper hepatic}} artery is the continuation of the common hepatic artery, which…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsThe cystic artery arises from the {{c1::right::branch}} hepatic artery to supply the gallbladd…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsThe superior mesenteric artery (SMA) supplies the {{c1::distal::which part}} duodenum, the entir…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsThe {{c1::inferior pancreaticoduodenal}} artery is the first branch of the {{c2::superior mese…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsThe {{c1::middle colic}} artery arises from the {{c2::superior mesenteric}} artery and …
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsThe {{c1::right colic::specific branch}} artery arises from the {{c3::superior mesenteric}…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsThe terminal artery of the {{c2::superior mesenteric}} artery is the {{c1::ileocolic}}&n…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsThe {{c1::inferior mesenteric artery::vessel}} gives off the {{c2::left colic}} artery…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsThe {{c2::inferior mesenteric artery::vessel}} terminates as the {{c1::superior recta…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsThe {{c1::inferior epigastric}} artery anastomoses with the {{c2::superior epigastr…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsThe {{c1::deep circumflex}} artery anastomoses with the {{c4::internal iliac}}&nb…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsThe {{c1::anterior}} division of the internal iliac artery supplies most of the pel…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic Vessels{{c5::Anterior}} division of the internal iliac artery branches: -{{c1…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic Vessels{{c4::Posterior}} division of the internal iliac artery branches: -{{c…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsThe arc of {{c1::Buhler}} is an uncommon, short-segment direct anas…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsThe arc of {{c1::Barkow}} (not drawn in diagram below) connects …
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsThe {{c1::marginal artery of Drummond}} is the major anastomosis b…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsThe arc of {{c1::Riolan}} is an inconstant anastomosis between …
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsThe {{c1::Cannon-Böhm}} point is the watershed/transition zo…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsArterial anastomosesThe {{c1::inferior epigastric}} artery ana…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsArterial anastomosesThe {{c1::deep circumflex iliac}} artery a…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsArterial anastomosesThe {{c1::inferior/middle rectal}} arteries…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsCase: Digital Subtraction Angiogram (DSA) of the Superior Mesenteric ArteryYellow Arrows: Superior mese…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic Vessels{{c1::P-ANCA::Lab value}} is usually elevated in polyarteritis nodosa
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsConditions associated with {{c6::Polyarteritis nodosa}} are remembered with the mnemonic CLA…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsTreatment of Polyarteritis Nodosa is with {{c1::steroids}}
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsDifferential of multiple renal artery aneurysms is:1. {{c1::Polyarteritis Nodosa}}2. Multiple {{c2::se…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsIndications for treatment of a splenic artery aneurysm include:-presence of {{c1::symptoms (such as l…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic Vessels{{c1::Endovascular coil embolization}} is the preferred treatment for splenic artery aneurysm …
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsEmbolization of hepatic artery aneurysm is ideally in the {{c3::right hepatic}} artery…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsThe classic angiographic finding of liver cirrhosis is {{c1::corkscrewing::characterisitc}} o…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic Vessels{{c1::CTA}} is the ideal imaging modality to assess acute or chronic mesenteric ischemia.&…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsCase: Abdominal PainYellow Arrows: SMA {{c1::occlusion::finding}}Blue Arrows: Mesenteric ven…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsCT angiogram findings of acute mesenteric ischemia on delayed/venous phase incl…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsNonocclusive mesenteric ischemia (NOMI) on CTA shows mesenteric arteries with …
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsAcute {{c1::in situ}} thrombosis is a cause of mesenteric ischemia that is usually supe…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsBecause mesenteric collaterals are so extensive, at least {{c1::two}} of three mesent…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsCTA findings of chronic mesenteric ischemia include:- {{c1::stenosis}} of mesenteri…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic Vessels{{c3::Median arcuate ligament syndrome (MALS)}} is {{c1::celiac}} artery compress…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsCTA/MRA of median arcuate ligament syndrome shows:1. {{c1::Hook::prox…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsWhat is the preferred treatment of median arcuate ligament syndrome?{{c1::Surgi…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic Vessels{{c2::SMA}} syndrome is compression of the {{c1::duodenum}} between the {{c3::aorta}} an…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsSMA syndrome findings:- {{c1::Dilation::Key finding}} of the {{c2::stomach}} and {{c2::duodenum (1…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsWhat is the first line treatment for SMA syndrome?{{c1::Medical management}}
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic Vessels{{c1::Atherosclerosis}} is the most common cause of renal artery stenosis in {{c2::older adults::demog…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsWhat is the optimal treatment strategy for renal artery stenosis?{{c1::Angioplasty + stenting com…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic Vessels{{c2::Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD)}} is an idiopathic, non-infectious, non-inflammatory vascul…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic Vesselsmost common form of fibromuscular dysplasia → {{c1::medial fibroplasia (80%)}}
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic Vesselssecond-most common form of fibromuscular dysplasia → {{c1::intimal fibroplasia}}
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsThe {{c2::medial fibroplasia}} subtype of fibromuscular dysplasia shows a classi…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic Vesselsmost common cause of renal artery stenosis in children → {{c1::Takayasu arteritis}} …
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsRenal AV {{c3::fistulas (AVFs)}} are almost always acquired, secondary to {{c1::trauma}}&nbsp…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsCTA findings of a AV fistula/malformation:1. {{c1::Large::Size}} renal artery2. {{c2::Aneurysmal dilati…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic Vessels{{c3::MRA::modality}} findings of AV fistula/malformation:1. Large renal artery2. Aneurysmal …
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsRenal AV fistulas are usually asymptomatic, though may present with {{c1::hematuria}}, {…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsWhat is the treatment of renal AV fistula/malformations?{{c1::Embolization (coils, glue, alcohol)}…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic Vesselsmost common causes of lower GI bleeding in younger adults:- {{c1::Inflammatory…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsWhat is the most sensitive imaging modality for detecting a GI bleed?{{c1::Tc-99m-labeled RBC sci…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsCTA findings of GI bleed include:noncontrast phase: {{c1::intraluminal hyperattenuation (h…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsMost patients with diverticular bleeds respond to {{c1::conservative}} management
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsWhat is the next step in management of diverticular bleeds that fail medical management?1. {{c1::A…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsCase: HematocheziaNoncon CT yellow arrow: {{c1::Diverticulum}}Noncon CT red arrow: {{c2::Dependent…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic Vessels{{c1::Angiodysplasia}} is an acquired vascular anomaly that is a common cause of chronic, int…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsHow often can you see active extravasation when angiodysplasia is the cause of GI bleeding?{{c1::Very r…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsCTA of angiodysplasia shows small areas of bowel wall {{c2::enhancement}} and {{c3::venous opacifi…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsWhat is the treatment for angiodysplasia? {{c1::Endoscopic treatments (electrocoagulation, la…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsThe following are all congenital {{c1::IVC}} variants: absenceduplicationleft-sided locationazyg…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic Vessels{{c1::Primary IVC leiomyosarcoma}} is a primary tumor of the IVC that has an enhancing {{c3::fil…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsWhat are the two locations for IVC filter placement in a duplicated IVC?{{c1::one above IVC confluenc…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsInitial cavography of {{c1::duplicated IVC::congenital IVC}} anomaly will show absence of {{c2::…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic Vessels{{c1::Pseudolipoma}} is a common mimic of IVC pathology at the level of the diaphragm due to prominen…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsAdmixture artifact in IVC imaging can occur with retrograde flow from {{c1::right heart failure::card…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsAdmixture artifact in IVC imaging can happen in contrast injection faster than {{c1::3}} mL/sec …
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsAdmixture artifact in IVC imaging at the level of the renal {{c1::veins::vessel}} when contrast-…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic Vessels{{c3::Posterior nutcracker}} syndrome is the compression of a {{c2::retroaortic (or ci…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic Vessels{{c1::Nutcracker}} syndrome can present with variable clinical symptoms including left flank …
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic Vessels{{c2::Nutcracker}} syndrome is compression of the {{c1::left renal vein::vessel}} bet…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsImaging of Nutcracker syndrome can be used to assess:{{c1::aortic-SMA}} anglerenal vein…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsNutcracker syndrome is usually managed with {{c1::observation (most cases of hemat…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic Vessels{{c1::May-Thurner}} syndrome is chronic compression of the {{c2::left common iliac vein…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsLeft common iliac vein compression seen in May-Thurner syndrome can caus…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsWhat is the preferred treatment of May-Thurner syndrome?{{c1::endovascular thrombo…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic Vessels{{c3::Primary}} varicocele is due to {{c1::absent or incompetent valves}}&nbs…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic Vessels{{c2::Secondary}} varicocele is caused by {{c1::mass effect}} causing venous reflu…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsA solitary {{c1::right}}-sided varicocele should prompt the workup for an obstru…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsScrotal ultrasound of a {{c4::varicocele}} shows a dilated (>{{c1::2}} mm) …
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsWhat are the preferred treatment options for varicocele?{{c1::coil embolization}} o…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic Vessels{{c1::Pelvic congestion syndrome}} is caused by {{c3::venous obstruction}} or …
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsPelvic congestion syndrome can show dilated {{c2::pelvic}} and {{c2::ovarian}}…
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Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsPolyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is a systemic necrotizing vasculitis of {{c1::small}}- and {{c1::medium…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic Vesselsmost common visceral aneurysm → {{c1::Splenic artery aneurysm}}
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsHow many phases in a CT angiogram are required for proper diagnosis of acute or chronic mesenteric isch…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsCT angiogram findings of acute mesenteric ischemia on arterial phase include {{c1::…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsDual energy CT of acute mesenteric ischemia shows ischemic segments with {{c1::decr…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic Vesselsmost common cause of chronic mesenteric ischemia → {{c1::atherosclerosis}}
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsCompression of the celiac artery in median arcuate ligament syndrome worsens with {{c1::expiration…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsWhat phase of a GI bleed study is most helpful to assess the changing morphology of intralumi…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic Vessels{{c4::Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN)}} is a necrotizing vasculitis typically affects {{c1::renal}}, {{c2::h…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsThe ideal imaging modality of polyarteritis nodosa is {{c1::invasive angiography}} given the size …
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsNonangiographic CT or MRI images of polyarteritis nodosa can demonstrate focal regions of {{c1::infarct…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsThe {{c1::left gastroepiploic}} artery anastomoses with the {{c2::right gastroepiploic}} artery along t…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsThe {{c2::proper}} hepatic artery divides into the {{c1::right}} and {{c1::left hepatic}} arteries…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsThe {{c1::posterior}} division of the internal iliac artery supplies the musculature of the pelvic and …
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsThe marginal artery of Drummond is comprised of branches from the {{c1::ileocolic}}, {{c2::right colic}…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsThe inferior epigastric artery arises from the {{c1::external iliac}} artery.
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsThe deep circumflex iliac artery arises from the {{c1::external iliac}} artery.
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsThe inferior/middle rectal arteries arise from the {{c1::internal iliac}} artery.
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsThe risk of developing {{c3::splenic}} artery aneurysms is increased in {{c1::multiparous}} female…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsSplenic artery aneurysms have an increased risk of {{c1::rupture}} during pregnancy.
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsEndovascular coil embolization of Spenic artery aneurysms: coils are placed {{c1::distally::prox/dist}}…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic Vesselssecond most common visceral aneurysm → {{c1::hepatic artery aneurysm}}
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsHepatic artery aneurysm embolization {{c1::proximal::distal/proximal}} to the cystic artery increases t…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsA hypervascular mass in a cirrhotic liver may represent {{c1::hepatocellular carcinoma}}.
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic Vessels{{c1::Mesenteric ischemia}} is inadequate blood supply to the bowel.
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsMesenteric ischemia is most commonly seen in {{c1::the elderly::demographic}}
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsMesenteric ischemia may be caused by: acute {{c1::arterial embolism}}chronic {{c2::arterial stenosis}}{…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsWhich type of mesenteric ischemia is the most common?{{c1::acute::acute/chronic}}
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsMRA of acute mesenteric ischemia can help identify {{c3::proximal::proximal/distal}} vessel a…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic Vessels{{c1::Acute}} mesenteric ischemia presents with severe abdominal pain and profound …
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic Vesselsmost common cause of acute mesenteric ischemia → {{c1::arterial SMA embolism}}
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsThe highest risk of intestinal ischemia is seen in SMA embolisms located {{c2::distal::proxim…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsThe {{c3::middle colic}} artery of the SMA anastomoses with the IMA via both the {{c1::marginal ar…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsAcute mesenteric ischemia may also be rarely caused by venous {{c1::thrombosis}}.
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic Vessels{{c1::Nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia (NOMI)}} is a highly lethal (70–100% mortality) form o…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic Vessels{{c1::Nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia (NOMI)}} is also known as “intestinal necrosis with a patent art…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsBowel ischemia in nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia (NOMI) is most prominent in the {{c1:…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsNonocclusive mesenteric ischemia (NOMI) may also show {{c1::CT hypoperfusion complex}} (aka {{c1::…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic Vessels{{c1::Chronic}} mesenteric ischemia presents with postprandial abdominal pain out of proporti…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsChronic mesenteric ischemia can be treated endovascularly with {{c1::angioplasty}} and {{c2::stent…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsMedian arcuate ligament syndrome is often asymptomatic, but may present with {{c1::crampy}} abdominal p…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsMedian arcuate ligament syndrome is more common in {{c1::young, thin women::demographic}}
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsWhat imaging technique can be used to assess severity of stenosis in Median arcuate ligament syndrome?{…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsIs angioplasty vs. stenting effective in treating Median arcuate ligament syndrome?{{c1:…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsSMA syndrome is more common in:- {{c1::thin}} children- {{c2::burn}} victims- patients who have {{c3::l…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsWhich imaging modalities are preferred for visualizing duodenal compression in SMA syndrome?{{c1::…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsNormal aortomesenteric angle is between {{c1::28–65}} degrees
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsNormal aortomesenteric distance is between {{c1::10-34}} mm
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsWhat is the second-line treatment for SMA syndrome if refractory to conservative ma…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic Vessels{{c2::Atherosclerosis::atherosclerosis/FMD}} tends to affect the {{c1::ostia (origin)}} of the renal ar…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsWhich imaging modalities have high sensitivity and specificity for renal artery stenosis?{{c1::CTA and …
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsMRA for detection of renal artery stenosis only applies to {{c1::proximal}} segment(s) of the renal art…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic Vessels{{c2::Fibromuscular dysplasia::atherosclerosis/FMD}} tends to affect the {{c1::mid-to-distal third}} of…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsFibromuscular dysplasia is {{c1::bi::uni/bi}}-lateral 2/3 of the time
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsFibromuscular dysplasia is predominately seen in {{c1::young/middle-aged women::demographic}}
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsThe {{c1::intimal fibroplasia}} subtype of fibromuscular dysplasia shows shows {{c2…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsThe {{c1::intimal fibroplasia}} subtype of fibromuscular dysplasia is more common in {{c…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsLess common variants of fibromuscular dysplasia include {{c1::perimedial}} and {{c2::adventitial}} fibr…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsWhich imaging modalities help in diagnosis of fibromuscular dysplasia?{{c1::CTA or MRA}}
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsCase: Secondary HypertensionYellow Arrows: “{{c1::beaded}}” appearance of renal arteries predomina…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsThe string of beads sign of FMD is due to alternating {{c1::stenosis}} and {{c1::aneurysmal dilati…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsWhat is the optimal treatment strategy for fibromuscular dysplasia?{{c1::Angioplast…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsStenting of FMD may cause in-stent {{c1::stenosis}} due to intimal hyperplasia.
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsNeurofibromatosis may cause hypertension in {{c1::children::demographic}} due to {{c2::renal artery ste…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsCan you differentiate renal artery stenosis due to NF1 vs. Takayasu on angiography?{{c1::Nope}}
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsRenal arteriovenous {{c1::fistulas (AVFs)}} and {{c1::malformations (AVMs)}} are abnormal communic…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsRenal AV {{c1::malformations (AVMs)}} are {{c3::congenital::etiology}} and almost always have…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsWhat imaging modality is preferred for assessing renal arteriovenous fistulas and malformations?{{…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsAngiography findings of an AVFs show {{c1::venous opacification}} during arterial phase
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsWhat anatomical landmark separates the upper and lower GI tracts?{{c1::Ligamen…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsGI bleeding is categorized as {{c1::upper}} (~15%) or {{c1::lower}} (~85%) GI bleeding 
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic Vessels{{c1::Upper}} GI bleeding presents with hemat-emesis or melena.
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic Vessels{{c1::Lower}} GI bleeding presents with hemato-chezia or melena.
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsThe most common causes of lower GI bleeding in older adults include:1. {{c1::Colonic div…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsWhat is the first-line modality for diagnosing lower GI bleeding?{{c1::colonoscopy}}
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsCTA of a lower GI bleed has a higher positivity rate if done <{{c1::4}} hours following the last ble…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsWhat is the most sensitive imaging modality for locating a GI bleed?{{c1::CTA}}
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic Vessels What is the most common cause of false-negative results on CTA for GI bleeding?{{c1::Intermittent blee…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsAngiodysplasia is most commonly located in the {{c1::right colon/cecum::location}}
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsWhat is the next step after detecting angiodysplasia in a patient with current lower GI bleed?{{c1…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsPrimary IVC leiomyosarcoma arises from the {{c1::parietal muscle}} cells of the IVC
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsPrimary IVC leiomyosarcoma is usually found in {{c1::middle-aged females (40-60yrs)::demographic}}
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsCase: pre-procedure imagingYellow arrows/Diagnosis: {{c1::duplicated IVCs (on either side of the aorta)…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsPseudolipoma mimicking IVC pathology is more commonly seen in patients with {{c1::cirrho…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic Vessels{{c1::Admixture}} artifact occurs wherever contrast-enhanced blood mixes with non-opacified blood.
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsNutcracker syndrome can present with:painhematuriaorthostatic {{c1::proteinuria}}pelvic {{c2::congestio…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsAsymptomatic nutcracker syndrome is termed nutcracker {{c1::phenomenon}}
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsCan veinous compression syndromes (e.g., nutcracker, May-Thurner, etc.) be diagnosed sol…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsIf treatment is desired for Nutcracker syndrome, what is the preferred treatment?{{c1::angioplasty…
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic Vessels{{c1::Varicocele}} is dilation of the {{c2::pampiniform venous}} plexus
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsPrimary varicoceles are a very common cause of {{c1::infertility::feared consequence}}
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsThe vast majority of varicoceles are {{c1::left}}-sided
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsThe {{c1::left}} gonadal vein drains into the {{c2::left renal vein}}
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsThe {{c1::right}} gonadal vein drains into the {{c2::IVC}}
Published 05/01/2023 Vascular Imaging: Mesenteric and Pelvic VesselsCase: Deep venous thrombosisLeft image: {{c2::distended::distended/deflated}}, {{c1::hypo::hyper/h…
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